Polities

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* A polity is defined as an independent political unit. Kinds of polities range from villages (local communities) through simple and complex chiefdoms to states and empires. A polity can be either centralized or not (e.g., organized as a confederation). For those periods when a region is divided up among a multitude of small-scale polities (e.g., independent villages or even many small chiefdoms) or when it is controlled in quick succession by a number of different regimes, we use the concept of 'quasi-polity'.
D
447/862    52 %
G
542/862    63 %
SC
618/862    72 %
WF
376/862    44 %
RT
514/862    60 %
CC
182/862    21 %
PT
263/862    31 %
IN
 
  51/862    6 %
40 Western Europe
54 Southern Europe
16 Northern Europe
42 Central Europe
26 Southeastern Europe
21 Eastern Europe
18 Maghreb
31 Northeast Africa
4 Sahel
58 West Africa
7 Central Africa
46 East Africa
9 Southern Africa
41 Anatolia-Caucasus
10 Levant
18 Mesopotamia
19 Arabia
39 Iran
5 Pontic-Caspian
24 Turkestan
11 Afghanistan
18 Mongolia
3 Siberia
1 Tibet
24 Northeast Asia
35 North China
8 South China
14 Pakistan
17 Eastern South Asia
33 Southern India
8 Sri Lanka
28 North India
26 Mainland Southeast Asia
13 Maritime Southeast Asia
1 Australia
2 New Guinea
7 Polynesia
0 Arctic America
6 Western North America
0 Great Plains
13 Mississippi Basin
7 East Coast
31 Mexico
10 Caribbean
14 Andes
3 Amazonia
1 Southern South America
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Europe

Western Europe (Europe)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Beaker Culture fr_beaker_eba 3200 BCE 2000 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Atlantic Complex fr_atlantic_complex 2200 BCE 1000 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Hallstatt A-B1 fr_hallstatt_a_b1 1000 BCE 900 BCE
loose
none  
D G SC WF RT
Hallstatt B2-3 fr_hallstatt_b2_3 900 BCE 700 BCE
loose
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Hallstatt C fr_hallstatt_c 700 BCE 600 BCE
loose
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Hallstatt D fr_hallstatt_d 600 BCE 475 BCE
loose
D G SC WF RT
La Tene A-B1 fr_la_tene_a_b1 475 BCE 325 BCE
confederated state
loose
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
La Tene B2-C1 fr_la_tene_b2_c1 325 BCE 175 BCE
confederated state
loose
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
La Tene C2-D fr_la_tene_c2_d 175 BCE 27 BCE
nominal
confederated state
alliance with it_roman_rep_3  
D G SC WF RT
Brythonic Kingdoms gb_brythonic_k 410 CE 1283 CE
D
Anglo-Saxon England I gb_anglo_saxon_1 410 CE 926 CE
quasi-polity
D G SC PT
Kingdom of the Burgundians fr_burgundian_k 411 CE 534 CE
Early Merovingian fr_merovingian_emp_1 481 CE 543 CE
nominal
loose
confederated state
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT PT IN
Dál Riata gb_dal_riata 498 CE 899 CE
Middle Merovingian fr_merovingian_emp_2 543 CE 687 CE
nominal
loose
confederated state
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Duchy of Aquitaine I fr_aquitaine_duc_1 602 CE 768 CE
SC
Proto-Carolingian fr_merovingian_emp_3 687 CE 751 CE
none  
D G SC WF RT PT IN
Carolingian Empire I fr_carolingian_emp_1 752 CE 840 CE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT PT IN
Carolingian Empire II fr_carolingian_emp_2 840 CE 987 CE
nominal
loose
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Danelaw gb_danelaw 878 CE 926 CE
Duchy of Aquitaine II fr_aquitania_duc_2 893 CE 1137 CE
nominal allegiance to fr_capetian_k_1   987 CE 1137 CE
G
Kingdom of Alba gb_alba_k 900 CE 1292 CE
Anglo-Saxon England II gb_anglo_saxon_2 927 CE 1065 CE
D G SC CC PT
Kingdom of Arles fr_arles_k 933 CE 1006 CE
Proto-French Kingdom fr_capetian_k_1 987 CE 1150 CE
nominal
loose
none  
D G SC WF RT PT IN
Norman England gb_england_norman 1066 CE 1153 CE
confederated state
alliance with it_st_peter_rep_1  
G SC PT
French Kingdom - Late Capetian fr_capetian_k_2 1150 CE 1328 CE
unitary state
loose
none  
D G SC WF RT PT IN
Plantagenet England gb_england_plantagenet 1154 CE 1485 CE
D G SC CC PT IN
Kingdom of Scotland gb_scotland_k 1293 CE 1706 CE
French Kingdom - Early Valois fr_valois_k_1 1328 CE 1450 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
French Kingdom - Late Valois fr_valois_k_2 1450 CE 1589 CE
unitary state
loose
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
England Tudor-Stuart gb_tudor_stuart 1486 CE 1689 CE
D G SC CC PT IN
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon fr_bourbon_k_1 1589 CE 1660 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Dutch Empire nl_dutch_emp_1 1648 CE 1795 CE
loose
G SC
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon fr_bourbon_k_2 1660 CE 1815 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
British Empire I gb_british_emp_1 1690 CE 1849 CE
loose
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Napoleonic France fr_france_napoleonic 1816 CE 1870 CE
D G SC CC PT IN
British Empire II gb_british_emp_2 1850 CE 1968 CE
loose
D G SC WF RT PT IN
Modern France I fr_france_modern_1 1871 CE 1940 CE
Republic of Ireland ei_ireland_rep 1922 CE 2024 CE

Southern Europe (Europe)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Latium - Copper Age it_latium_ca 3600 BCE 1800 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Latium - Bronze Age it_latium_ba 1800 BCE 900 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Latium - Iron Age it_latium_ia 1000 BCE 580 BCE
D G SC WF RT
Roman Kingdom it_roman_k 716 BCE 509 BCE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Early Roman Republic it_roman_rep_1 509 BCE 264 BCE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Middle Roman Republic it_roman_rep_2 264 BCE 133 BCE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC
Late Roman Republic it_roman_rep_3 133 BCE 31 BCE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Roman Empire - Principate it_roman_principate 31 BCE 284 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity it_western_roman_emp 395 CE 476 CE
unitary state
alliance with es_visigothic_k  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Kingdom of the Suebi pt_suebi_k 409 CE 584 CE
Visigothic Kingdom es_visigothic_k 418 CE 711 CE
Italian Kingdom Late Antiquity it_italy_k 476 CE 489 CE
G SC WF PT
Ostrogothic Kingdom it_ostrogoth_k 489 CE 554 CE
loose
unitary state
alliance with es_visigothic_k  
nominal allegiance to tr_east_roman_emp  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Lombard Kingdom it_lombard_k 568 CE 774 CE
D G SC CC PT
Exarchate of Ravenna it_ravenna_exarchate 568 CE 751 CE
loose
confederated state
nominal
vassalage to tr_byzantine_emp_1  
D G SC WF PT
Kingdom of Asturias es_asturias_k 718 CE 924 CE
Republic of St Peter I it_st_peter_rep_1 752 CE 904 CE
nominal
nominal allegiance to tr_byzantine_emp_1   711 CE 866 CE
D G SC WF RT PT
Emirate of Córdoba es_cordoba_emirate 756 CE 928 CE
RT
Rome - Republic of St Peter II it_st_peter_rep_2 904 CE 1198 CE
loose
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT PT
Leon es_leon_k 910 CE 1158 CE
Kingdom of Galicia es_galicia_k 911 CE 1111 CE
Cordoba Caliphate es_cordoba_cal 929 CE 1031 CE
Taifas of Iberia es_taifas 1010 CE 1241 CE
Aragon Kingdom es_aragon_k 1035 CE 1163 CE
Castile Kingdom es_castile_k 1065 CE 1230 CE
SC
Norman Sicily it_sicily_k_1 1071 CE 1193 CE
Republic of Genoa I it_genoa_rep_1 1099 CE 1284 CE
Republic and Duchy of Florence it_florence_rep 1115 CE 1568 CE
Kingdom of Portugal pt_portugal_k 1139 CE 1494 CE
Crown of Aragon es_aragon_crown 1164 CE 1515 CE
personal union with es_castile_crown   1469 CE 1515 CE
G
Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties it_sicily_k_2 1194 CE 1281 CE
personal union with de_empire_2   1194 CE 1197 CE
G SC
Papal States - High Medieval Period it_papal_state_1 1198 CE 1309 CE
unitary state
loose
confederated state
nominal
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT PT
Republic of Venice III it_venetian_rep_3 1204 CE 1563 CE
unitary state
none  
G SC WF RT PT
Leon & Castille es_leon_castille 1230 CE 1715 CE
SC
Crown of Castile es_castile_crown 1231 CE 1515 CE
Kingdom of Naples it_naples_k 1282 CE 1442 CE
Republic of Genoa II it_genoa_rep_2 1285 CE 1528 CE
Italian Republic Restoration Period it_republic_restoration 1309 CE 1378 CE
PT
Papal States - Renaissance Period it_papal_state_2 1378 CE 1527 CE
loose
none  
D G SC WF RT PT
Duchy of Milan I it_milan_duc_1 1395 CE 1498 CE
Portuguese Empire - Renaissance Period pt_portuguese_emp_1 1495 CE 1579 CE
SC RT PT
Duchy of Milan II it_milan_duc_2 1499 CE 1796 CE
Spanish Empire I es_spanish_emp_1 1516 CE 1715 CE
confederated state
personal union with at_habsburg_1   1519 CE 1556 CE
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Papal States - Early Modern Period I it_papal_state_3 1527 CE 1648 CE
unitary state
alliance with es_spanish_emp_1   1559 CE 1610 CE
D G SC WF RT PT
Republic of Genoa III it_genoa_rep_3 1529 CE 1797 CE
Republic of Venice IV it_venetian_rep_4 1564 CE 1797 CE
unitary state
G SC WF RT PT
Grand Duchy of Tuscany it_tuscany_grand_duc 1569 CE 1860 CE
Portuguese Empire - Early Modern pt_portuguese_emp_2 1640 CE 1806 CE
SC RT PT
Papal States - Early Modern Period II it_papal_state_4 1648 CE 1809 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT PT
Spanish Empire II es_spanish_emp_2 1716 CE 1814 CE
G SC CC PT IN
Spanish Empire III es_spanish_emp_3 1815 CE 1931 CE
G IN
Late Dutch Empire nl_dutch_emp_2 1815 CE 1940 CE
RT
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies it_two_sicilies_k 1816 CE 1861 CE
Kingdom of Italy it_italian_k 1861 CE 1946 CE

Northern Europe (Europe)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Viking settlements dk_viking_settlements 793 CE 1000 CE
D
Kingdom of Norway I no_norway_k_1 872 CE 1261 CE
PT
Icelandic Commonwealth is_icelandic_commonwealth 930 CE 1262 CE
nominal
none  
D G SC WF RT CC
Kingdom of Denmark - Medieval dk_danish_k 936 CE 1396 CE
personal union with no_norway_k_2   1380 CE 1385 CE
personal union with no_norway_k_2   1388 CE 1396 CE
personal union with sv_swedish_k_1   1389 CE 1396 CE
G
Kingdom of Sweden I sv_swedish_k_1 980 CE 1396 CE
personal union with no_norway_k_2   1319 CE 1355 CE
G
Kingdom of Norway II no_norway_k_2 1262 CE 1396 CE
loose
personal union with sv_swedish_k_1   1362 CE 1364 CE
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Kalmar Union sv_kalmar_union 1397 CE 1523 CE
Kingdom of Sweden II sv_swedish_k_2 1524 CE 1610 CE
Denmark-Norway dk_denmark_norway 1524 CE 1814 CE
Swedish Empire sv_swedish_emp 1611 CE 1814 CE
Danish Empire dk_danish_emp_modern 1815 CE 1940 CE
United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway sv_united_k_sweden_and_norway 1816 CE 1905 CE
Kingdom of Norway - Modern no_norway_k_modern 1905 CE 1940 CE
Kingdom of Sweden sv_sweden_k_modern 1906 CE 2020 CE
Republic of Finland su_finland_rep 1917 CE 2020 CE
Kingdom of Denmark - Modern dk_danish_k_modern 1946 CE 2020 CE

Central Europe (Europe)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Kingdom of the Huns hu_hun_k 376 CE 469 CE
D G SC CC
Avar Khaganate hu_avar_khaganate 586 CE 822 CE
SC
Samo's Empire cz_samo_emp 623 CE 658 CE
Great Moravia cz_moravia_k 820 CE 907 CE
East Francia de_east_francia 842 CE 919 CE
loose 842 CE 880 CE
confederated state 880 CE 911 CE
nominal allegiance to fr_carolingian_emp_2  
D G SC PT
Duchy of Bohemia cz_bohemian_duc 880 CE 1003 CE
Principality of Hungary hu_hungary_principality 895 CE 999 CE
Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty de_empire_1 919 CE 1125 CE
confederated state
D G SC CC PT
Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty pl_piast_dyn_1 963 CE 1138 CE
unitary state 966 CE 1138 CE
D G PT
Hungary Kingdom - Árpád Dynasty hu_arpad_dyn 1000 CE 1301 CE
loose 1000 CE 1150 CE
confederated state 1222 CE 1301 CE
D G PT
Holy Roman Empire - Hohenstaufen and Welf Dynasties de_empire_2 1126 CE 1254 CE
loose
personal union with it_sicily_k_2   1215 CE 1250 CE
D G SC CC PT
Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty Fragmented Period pl_piast_dyn_2 1139 CE 1382 CE
none 1139 CE 1320 CE
unitary state 1320 CE 1370 CE
personal union with hu_later_dyn   1370 CE 1382 CE
D G PT
Kingdom of Bohemia - Přemyslid Dynasty cz_bohemian_k_1 1198 CE 1309 CE
confederated state 1198 CE 1253 CE
personal union with pl_piast_dyn_2   1296 CE 1306 CE
vassalage to de_empire_2  
D G PT
Holy Roman Empire - Hohenstaufen Faction de_empire_2_sub 1198 CE 1215 CE
D G CC PT
Grand Duchy of Lithuania lt_lithuania_grand_duc 1220 CE 1385 CE
Holy Roman Empire - Fragmented Period de_empire_3 1255 CE 1453 CE
loose
D G CC PT
State of the Teutonic Order pl_teutonic_order 1300 CE 1400 CE
unitary state
nominal allegiance to de_empire_3  
D G PT
Hungary Kingdom - Anjou and Later Dynasties hu_later_dyn 1302 CE 1526 CE
personal union with cz_bohemian_k_2   1419 CE 1437 CE
personal union with cz_bohemian_k_2   1516 CE 1526 CE
D G PT
Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty cz_bohemian_k_2 1310 CE 1526 CE
personal union with hu_later_dyn   1490 CE 1516 CE
vassalage to de_empire_3  
D G SC CC PT
Old Swiss Confederacy ch_swiss_conf_1 1315 CE 1515 CE
nominal allegiance to de_empire_3  
G
Poland-Lithuania Kingdom pl_jagiellonian_dyn 1386 CE 1569 CE
personal union with hu_later_dyn   1440 CE 1444 CE
G PT
Electorate of Brandenburg de_hohenzollern_1 1415 CE 1618 CE
loose 1415 CE 1539 CE
confederated state 1539 CE 1618 CE
vassalage to de_empire_3   1415 CE 1453 CE
D G PT
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I at_habsburg_1 1454 CE 1648 CE
D G SC CC PT
Holy Roman Empire - Minor Imperial States I de_empire_minor_1 1454 CE 1648 CE
Swiss Confederation - early modern period ch_swiss_conf_2 1516 CE 1798 CE
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth pl_poland_lithuania_commonwealth 1570 CE 1791 CE
PT
Brandenburg-Prussia de_hohenzollern_2 1618 CE 1870 CE
D G PT
Electorate of Bavaria de_bavaria_1 1623 CE 1806 CE
unitary state
D G PT
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II at_habsburg_2 1649 CE 1918 CE
nominal
D G SC CC PT
Holy Roman Empire - Minor Imperial States II de_empire_minor_2 1649 CE 1806 CE
Swiss Confederation - Napoleonic period ch_swiss_conf_3 1799 CE 1848 CE
Swiss Confederation - modern period ch_swiss_conf_4 1849 CE 2014 CE
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy at_austro_hungarian_emp 1867 CE 1918 CE
D G SC
Germany - Hohenzollern Dynasty de_hohenzollern_3 1871 CE 1918 CE
G
Weimar Republic de_weimar_rep 1918 CE 1932 CE
Interwar Austria at_interwar_austria 1918 CE 1938 CE
PT
Czechoslovakia cz_czechoslovakia 1919 CE 1992 CE
Republic of Poland I pl_polish_rep_1 1919 CE 1939 CE
Nazi Germany de_ns_germany 1933 CE 1945 CE
PT
Second Austrian Republic at_austrian_rep_2 1945 CE 2020 CE
Polish People's Republic pl_polish_peoples_rep 1953 CE 1989 CE
Czech Republic cz_czech_rep 1993 CE 2020 CE

Southeastern Europe (Europe)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Neolithic Crete gr_crete_nl 7000 BCE 3000 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Prepalatial Crete gr_crete_pre_palace 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Old Palace Crete gr_crete_old_palace 1900 BCE 1700 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
New Palace Crete gr_crete_new_palace 1700 BCE 1450 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Monopalatial Crete gr_crete_mono_palace 1450 BCE 1300 BCE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Postpalatial Crete gr_crete_post_palace_1 1300 BCE 1200 BCE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Final Postpalatial Crete gr_crete_post_palace_2 1200 BCE 1000 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Geometric Crete gr_crete_geometric 1000 BCE 710 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Archaic Crete gr_crete_archaic 710 BCE 500 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Classical Crete gr_crete_classical 500 BCE 323 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT CC
Macedonian Empire gr_macedonian_emp 330 BCE 312 BCE
SC RT CC PT
Hellenistic Crete gr_crete_hellenistic 323 BCE 69 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT CC
Antigonid Dynasty gr_antigonid_emp 311 BCE 168 BCE
Kingdom of the Gepids rs_gepid_k 454 CE 567 CE
Bulgaria - Early bg_bulgaria_early 681 CE 864 CE
SC
Duchy and Kingdom of Croatia hr_croatia_k 790 CE 1102 CE
The Emirate of Crete gr_crete_emirate 824 CE 961 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT
Bulgaria - Middle bg_bulgaria_medieval 865 CE 1018 CE
SC
Volga Kingdom bg_volga_k 965 CE 1236 CE
Grand Principality, Kingdom and Serbian Empire rs_serbia_k 1091 CE 1371 CE
Banate of Bosnia ba_bosnia_banate 1154 CE 1376 CE
Kingdom of Cyprus cy_cyprus_k 1192 CE 1489 CE
Principality of Achaea gr_achaea_principality 1204 CE 1432 CE
Despotate of Epirus gr_epirus_despot 1205 CE 1479 CE
Kingdom of Bosnia ba_bosnia_k 1377 CE 1463 CE
Yugoslavia sr_yugoslavia 1944 CE 1992 CE

Eastern Europe (Europe)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Third Scythian Kingdom ua_skythian_k_3 429 BCE 225 BCE
SC CC
Novgorod Land ru_novgorod_land 880 CE 1240 CE
SC
Kievan Rus ua_kievan_rus 880 CE 1242 CE
SC RT CC PT IN
Principality of Ryazan ru_ryazan_principality 1097 CE 1521 CE
Russian Principate ua_russian_principate 1133 CE 1240 CE
SC
Novgorod Republic ru_novgorod_rep 1135 CE 1478 CE
Vladimir-Suzdal ru_vladimir_suzdal 1157 CE 1331 CE
Galicia-Volhynia Principality ua_galicia_volhynia_principality 1199 CE 1349 CE
Grand Principality of Moscow, Mongolian period ru_moskva_mongolian_period 1240 CE 1479 CE
CC PT
Principality of Wallachia I ro_wallachia_principality_1 1330 CE 1416 CE
Principality of Moldavia I md_moldavia_principality_1 1346 CE 1503 CE
Principality of Wallachia II ro_wallachia_principality_2 1417 CE 1714 CE
Grand Principality of Moscow, Rurikid Dynasty ru_moskva_rurik_dyn 1480 CE 1613 CE
SC CC PT IN
Principality of Moldavia II md_moldavia_principality_2 1504 CE 1710 CE
Principality of Transylvania ro_transylvania_principality 1570 CE 1711 CE
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I ru_romanov_dyn_1 1614 CE 1775 CE
unitary state
G SC PT IN
Principality of Moldavia III md_moldavia_principality_3 1711 CE 1859 CE
Principality of Wallachia III ro_wallachia_principality_3 1715 CE 1858 CE
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II ru_romanov_dyn_2 1776 CE 1917 CE
unitary state
G SC CC PT IN
Soviet Union ru_soviet_union 1918 CE 1991 CE
G SC CC PT
Russian Federation ru_russian_federation 1992 CE 2024 CE
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Africa

Maghreb (Africa)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Carthage Empire tn_carthage_emp 814 BCE 146 BCE
Numidia dz_numidia 220 BCE 46 BCE
SC
Vandal Kingdom dz_vandal_k 429 CE 534 CE
Tahert dz_tahert 761 CE 909 CE
SC
Idrisids ma_idrisid_dyn 789 CE 917 CE
SC
Aghlabid Dynasty tn_aghlabid_dyn 800 CE 908 CE
Zirids tn_zirid_dyn 973 CE 1148 CE
SC
Almoravids ma_almoravid_dyn 1035 CE 1150 CE
SC RT
Almohad Empire ma_almohad_emp 1123 CE 1248 CE
Banu Ghaniya ib_banu_ghaniya 1126 CE 1227 CE
SC
Hafsid Dynasty tn_hafsid_dyn 1227 CE 1452 CE
Tlemcen dz_tlemcen 1235 CE 1554 CE
SC
Marinid Dynasty ma_marinid_dyn 1269 CE 1465 CE
Wattasid ma_wattasid_dyn 1465 CE 1554 CE
SC
Saadi Sultanate ma_saadi_sultanate 1554 CE 1659 CE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT PT
Alaouite Dynasty I mo_alawi_dyn_1 1631 CE 1727 CE
D G SC CC
Alawi Dynasty mo_alawi_dyn_2 1728 CE 1912 CE
CC
Republic of Tunisia tn_tunisia_rep 1956 CE 2020 CE

Northeast Africa (Africa)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Badarian eg_badarian 4400 BCE 3800 BCE
unknown
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Naqada I eg_naqada_1 3800 BCE 3550 BCE
none
unknown
none  
D G SC WF RT
Naqada II eg_naqada_2 3550 BCE 3300 BCE
unknown
none  
D G SC WF RT
Egypt - Dynasty 0 eg_naqada_3 3300 BCE 3100 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Egypt - Dynasty I eg_dynasty_1 3100 BCE 2900 BCE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT
Egypt - Dynasty II eg_dynasty_2 2900 BCE 2687 BCE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom eg_old_k_1 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT PT
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom eg_old_k_2 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
loose
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Egypt - Period of the Regions eg_regions 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
loose
nominal
unitary state
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Egypt - Middle Kingdom eg_middle_k 2016 BCE 1700 BCE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period eg_thebes_hyksos 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
loose
quasi-polity
nominal
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period eg_new_k_1 1550 BCE 1293 BCE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT PT
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period eg_new_k_2 1293 BCE 1070 BCE
unitary state
loose
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period eg_thebes_libyan 1069 BCE 747 BCE
quasi-polity
nominal
none  
D G SC WF RT CC
Egypt - Kushite Period eg_kushite 747 BCE 656 BCE
confederated state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC
Egypt - Saite Period eg_saite 664 BCE 525 BCE
loose
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC
Meroe sd_meroe 600 BCE 300 BCE
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period eg_inter_occupation 404 BCE 342 BCE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Ptolemaic Kingdom I eg_ptolemaic_k_1 305 BCE 217 BCE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Ptolemaic Kingdom II eg_ptolemaic_k_2 217 BCE 30 BCE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Makuria Kingdom I sd_makuria_k_1 568 CE 618 CE
SC
Alodia Kingdom sd_alodia 600 CE 1504 CE
Makuria Kingdom II sd_makuria_k_2 619 CE 849 CE
SC
Makuria Kingdom III sd_makuria_k_3 850 CE 1099 CE
SC
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period eg_thulunid_ikhshidid 868 CE 969 CE
unitary state
none  
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Fatimid Caliphate tn_fatimid_cal 909 CE 1171 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Ayyubid Sultanate eg_ayyubid_sultanate 1171 CE 1250 CE
unitary state
unitary state
loose
nominal allegiance to iq_abbasid_cal_2   1191 CE 1250 CE
D G SC WF RT CC
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I eg_mamluk_sultanate_1 1260 CE 1348 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II eg_mamluk_sultanate_2 1348 CE 1412 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III eg_mamluk_sultanate_3 1412 CE 1517 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Republic of Egypt eg_egypt_rep 1959 CE 2024 CE

Sahel (Africa)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Mauretania ma_mauretania 125 BCE 44 CE
SC
Kanem Empire td_kanem 850 CE 1380 CE
RT
Zayyanid Berber Kingdom dz_zayyanid_dyn 1235 CE 1509 CE
Songhai Empire ml_songhai_1 1376 CE 1493 CE
SC

West Africa (Africa)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Middle and Late Nok ni_nok_1 1500 BCE 901 BCE
quasi-polity
G SC RT
Middle and Late Nok ni_nok_2 900 BCE 0 CE
quasi-polity
G SC RT
Proto-Yoruboid ni_proto_yoruboid 300 BCE 300 CE
quasi-polity
D G SC RT
Jenne-jeno I ml_jenne_jeno_1 250 BCE 49 CE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Jenne-jeno II ml_jenne_jeno_2 50 CE 399 CE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
West Burkina Faso Yellow I bf_west_burkina_faso_yellow_5 100 CE 500 CE
quasi-polity
none  
G SC RT
Early Wagadu Empire mr_wagadu_1 250 CE 700 CE
SC
Proto-Yoruba ni_proto_yoruba 301 CE 649 CE
quasi-polity
G SC RT
Jenne-jeno III ml_jenne_jeno_3 400 CE 899 CE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
West Burkina Faso Yellow II bf_west_burkina_faso_yellow_6 501 CE 700 CE
quasi-polity
G SC RT
Kwararafa ni_kwararafa 596 CE 1820 CE
loose
nominal allegiance to [---]  
G SC RT PT
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone si_pre_sape 600 CE 1400 CE
quasi-polity
D G SC RT
Late Formative Yoruba ni_formative_yoruba 650 CE 1049 CE
quasi-polity
D G SC RT
Middle Wagadu Empire mr_wagadu_2 700 CE 1077 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
West Burkina Faso Red I bf_west_burkina_faso_red_1 701 CE 1100 CE
quasi-polity
G SC RT
Kanem cd_kanem 800 CE 1379 CE
G SC RT
Jenne-jeno IV ml_jenne_jeno_4 900 CE 1300 CE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Igodomingodo ni_igodomingodo 900 CE 1450 CE
G SC RT
Hausa bakwai ni_hausa_k 900 CE 1808 CE
quasi-polity
G SC RT PT
Classical Ife ni_yoruba_classic 1000 CE 1400 CE
G SC RT
Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì ni_nri_k 1043 CE 1911 CE
nominal
nominal allegiance to [---]  
G SC RT PT
Later Wagadu Empire mr_wagadu_3 1078 CE 1203 CE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT CC
Allada ni_allada_k 1100 CE 1724 CE
unitary state
loose
nominal allegiance to [---]  
G SC RT PT
West Burkina Faso Red II and III bf_west_burkina_faso_red_2 1100 CE 1400 CE
quasi-polity
none  
G SC RT
Mossi bf_mossi_k_1 1100 CE 1897 CE
quasi-polity
G SC RT
Benin Empire ni_benin_emp 1140 CE 1897 CE
loose 1180 CE 1428 CE
confederated state 1428 CE 1897 CE
G SC RT PT
Mali Empire ml_mali_emp 1230 CE 1410 CE
unitary state
confederated state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Kingdom of Waalo se_waalo_k 1287 CE 1855 CE
D G SC RT PT
Oyo ni_oyo_emp_1 1300 CE 1535 CE
unknown
G SC RT
Kingdom of Sine se_sine_k 1350 CE 1887 CE
D G SC RT
Jolof Empire se_jolof_emp 1360 CE 1549 CE
confederated state
D G SC RT PT
Kanem-Borno ni_bornu_emp 1380 CE 1893 CE
confederated state
G SC RT PT
Sape si_sape 1400 CE 1550 CE
quasi-polity
G SC RT
West Burkina Faso Red IV bf_west_burkina_faso_red_4 1401 CE 1500 CE
quasi-polity
none  
G SC RT
Denyanke Kingdom se_great_fulo_emp 1490 CE 1776 CE
D G SC RT PT
Kingdom of Saloum se_saloum_k 1490 CE 1863 CE
D G SC RT PT
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty ml_songhai_2 1493 CE 1591 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Kaabu gm_kaabu_emp 1500 CE 1867 CE
confederated state
quasi-polity
G SC RT
Akan - Pre-Ashanti gh_akan 1501 CE 1701 CE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Kingdom of Cayor se_cayor_k 1549 CE 1864 CE
D G SC RT PT
Kingdom of Jolof se_jolof_k 1549 CE 1865 CE
D G SC RT PT
Mane si_mane_emp 1550 CE 1650 CE
confederated state
G SC RT
Kingdom of Baol se_baol_k 1550 CE 1890 CE
D G SC RT PT
Igala ni_igala_k 1600 CE 1900 CE
confederated state
G SC RT PT
Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́ ni_oyo_emp_2 1601 CE 1835 CE
confederated state
nominal allegiance to [---]  
G SC RT PT
Segou Kingdom ml_segou_k 1650 CE 1712 CE
unitary state
loose
D G SC WF RT
Early Modern Sierra Leone si_early_modern_interior 1650 CE 1896 CE
quasi-polity
G SC RT
Whydah ni_whydah_k 1671 CE 1727 CE
confederated state
vassalage to [---]  
G SC RT
Aro ni_aro 1690 CE 1902 CE
confederated state
G SC RT PT
Ashanti Empire gh_ashanti_emp 1701 CE 1895 CE
confederated state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Wattara Empire ic_wattara_emp 1710 CE 1895 CE
RT
Bamana kingdom ml_bamana_k 1712 CE 1861 CE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT PT
Foys ni_dahomey_k 1715 CE 1894 CE
unitary state
nominal allegiance to ni_oyo_emp_2  
G SC RT PT
Futa Jallon gu_futa_jallon 1725 CE 1896 CE
confederated state
G SC RT PT
Imamate of Futa Toro se_futa_toro_imamate 1776 CE 1860 CE
D G SC RT PT
Freetown si_freetown_1 1787 CE 1808 CE
unitary state
G SC RT
Sokoto Caliphate ni_sokoto_cal 1804 CE 1904 CE
loose
G SC RT PT
Wukari Federation ni_wukari_fed 1820 CE 1899 CE
confederated state
vassalage to [---]  
G SC RT PT

Central Africa (Africa)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Early Nyoro ug_early_nyoro 900 CE 1449 CE
SC RT
Cwezi Dynasty ug_bunyoro_k_1 1450 CE 1699 CE
SC PT
Kingdom of Congo ao_kongo_2 1491 CE 1568 CE
SC
Kingdom of Lunda cg_lunda_k 1600 CE 1895 CE
Bito Dynasty ug_bunyoro_k_2 1700 CE 1894 CE
SC RT PT
Democratic Republic of the Congo cg_congo_democratic_rep 1960 CE 2020 CE
Republic of Rwanda rw_rwanda_rep 1962 CE 2020 CE

East Africa (Africa)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Axum I et_aksum_emp_1 149 BCE 349 CE
nominal
loose
confederated state
none  
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Early East Africa Iron Age tz_east_africa_ia_1 200 CE 499 CE
SC RT
Axum II et_aksum_emp_2 350 CE 599 CE
SC RT
Early Tana 1 tz_early_tana_1 500 CE 749 CE
SC RT
Harla Kingdom et_harla_k 500 CE 1500 CE
G SC RT
Axum III et_aksum_emp_3 600 CE 800 CE
SC RT
Early Tana 2 tz_early_tana_2 750 CE 1099 CE
SC RT
Tunni Sultanate so_tunni_sultanate 800 CE 1200 CE
none  
D G SC RT
Late East Africa Iron Age tz_east_africa_ia_2 800 CE 1150 CE
SC RT
Habesha et_habesha 801 CE 1136 CE
RT
Classic Tana tz_tana 1100 CE 1498 CE
SC RT PT
Shoa Sultanate et_showa_sultanate 1108 CE 1285 CE
confederated state
none  
D G SC RT
Zagwe et_zagwe 1137 CE 1269 CE
SC RT
Ajuran Sultanate so_ajuran_sultanate 1250 CE 1700 CE
confederated state
none  
D G SC RT
Ethiopia Kingdom et_ethiopian_k 1270 CE 1620 CE
RT PT
Ifat Sultanate so_ifat_sultanate 1280 CE 1375 CE
none  
D G SC RT PT
Habr Yunis so_habr_yunis 1300 CE 1886 CE
D G SC RT
Isaaq Sultanate so_isaaq_sultanate 1300 CE 1886 CE
D G SC RT
Hadiya Sultanate et_hadiya_sultanate 1300 CE 1680 CE
D G SC RT
Medri Bahri er_medri_bahri 1310 CE 1889 CE
D G SC RT
Adal Sultanate so_adal_sultanate 1375 CE 1543 CE
confederated state
none  
D G SC RT PT
Kingdom of Kaffa et_kaffa_k 1390 CE 1897 CE
unknown 1390 CE 1529 CE
loose 1530 CE 1897 CE
D G SC RT PT
Buganda ug_buganda_k_1 1450 CE 1699 CE
G SC RT PT
Nkore ug_nkore_k_1 1450 CE 1749 CE
quasi-polity
G SC RT PT
Karagwe tz_karagwe_k 1500 CE 1916 CE
unitary state
G SC RT PT
Funj Sultanate et_funj_sultanate 1504 CE 1820 CE
D G SC RT PT
Fipa tz_milansi_k 1600 CE 1890 CE
G SC RT
Ethiopia Kingdom II et_ethiopian_k_2 1621 CE 1768 CE
RT PT
Emirate of Harar et_harar_emirate 1650 CE 1875 CE
D G SC RT PT
Kingdom of Nyinginya Early Niynginya 1650 CE 1897 CE
nominal 1650 CE 1720 CE
nominal 1736 CE 1796 CE
unitary state 1736 CE 1796 CE
unitary state 1797 CE 1897 CE
G SC RT PT
Burundi bu_burundi_k 1680 CE 1903 CE
loose
G SC RT PT
Gisaka rw_gisaka_k 1700 CE 1867 CE
none  
G SC RT PT
Ndorwa rw_ndorwa_k 1700 CE 1800 CE
none  
G SC RT
Buhaya tz_buhayo_k 1700 CE 1890 CE
quasi-polity
G SC RT
Buganda ug_buganda_k_2 1700 CE 1894 CE
unitary state
G SC RT PT
Bugesera rw_bugesera_k 1700 CE 1799 CE
none  
G SC RT
Mubari rw_mubari_k 1700 CE 1896 CE
none  
G SC RT
Early Sultanate of Aussa et_aussa_sultanate 1734 CE 1895 CE
D G SC RT
Majeerteen Sultanate so_majeerteen_sultanate 1750 CE 1926 CE
none  
D G SC RT PT
Nkore ug_nkore_k_2 1750 CE 1901 CE
G SC RT PT
Sultanate of Geledi so_geledi_sultanate 1750 CE 1911 CE
D G SC RT PT
Ethiopia Kingdom III et_ethiopian_k_3 1769 CE 1854 CE
RT PT
Kingdom of Gomma et_gomma_k 1780 CE 1886 CE
D G SC RT
Kingdom of Jimma et_jimma_k 1790 CE 1932 CE
unitary state
D G SC RT PT
Kingdom of Gumma et_gumma_k 1800 CE 1897 CE
D G SC RT
Toro ug_toro_k 1830 CE 1896 CE
none  
G SC RT

Southern Africa (Africa)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Toutswe zi_toutswe 700 CE 1250 CE
unknown
G SC RT
Pre-Maravi mw_pre_maravi 1151 CE 1399 CE
SC RT
Great Zimbabwe zi_great_zimbabwe 1270 CE 1550 CE
G SC RT
Early Maravi mw_early_maravi 1400 CE 1499 CE
SC RT
Mutapa zi_mutapa 1450 CE 1880 CE
loose
G SC RT PT
Torwa-Rozvi zi_torwa_rozvi 1494 CE 1850 CE
loose
G SC RT PT
Northern Maravi Kingdom mw_northern_maravi_k 1500 CE 1621 CE
SC RT
Maravi Empire mw_maravi_emp 1622 CE 1870 CE
SC RT
Republic of South Africa sa_south_africa_rep 1920 CE 2020 CE
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Southwest Asia

Anatolia-Caucasus (Southwest Asia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Konya Plain - Early Neolithic tr_konya_enl 9600 BCE 7000 BCE
unknown
unknown [---]  
G SC WF RT
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic tr_konya_mnl 7000 BCE 6600 BCE
unknown
unknown [---]  
G SC WF RT
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic tr_konya_lnl 6600 BCE 6000 BCE
G SC WF RT
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic tr_konya_eca 6000 BCE 5500 BCE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
G SC WF RT
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic tr_konya_lca 5500 BCE 3000 BCE
quasi-polity
G SC WF RT
Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age tr_konya_eba 3000 BCE 2000 BCE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia tr_central_anatolia_mba 2000 BCE 1700 BCE
loose
quasi-polity
vassalage to [---]  
G SC WF RT
Hatti - Old Kingdom tr_hatti_old_k 1650 BCE 1500 BCE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT CC
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II tr_konya_lba 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
D G SC WF RT
Hatti - New Kingdom tr_hatti_new_k 1400 BCE 1180 BCE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Urartu Kingdom tr_urartu_k 1200 BCE 710 BCE
RT
Neo-Hittite Kingdoms tr_neo_hittite_k 1180 BCE 900 BCE
quasi-polity
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Phrygian Kingdom tr_phrygian_k 900 BCE 695 BCE
loose
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Tabal Kingdoms tr_tabal_k 900 BCE 730 BCE
quasi-polity
nominal allegiance to [---]  
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Kingdom of Lydia tr_lydia_k 670 BCE 546 BCE
confederated state
personal union with [---]  
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Late Cappadocia tr_cappadocia_2 330 BCE 16 CE
nominal
unitary state
loose
nominal allegiance to [---]  
alliance with [---]  
personal union with [---]  
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF
Lysimachus Kingdom tr_lysimachus_k 323 BCE 281 BCE
loose
vassalage to [---]  
personal union with [---]  
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Pergamon Kingdom tr_pergamon_k 282 BCE 133 BCE
SC
Armenian Kingdom am_artaxiad_dyn 188 BCE 6 CE
D G SC CC PT
Roman Empire - Dominate tr_roman_dominate 285 CE 394 CE
unitary state
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
East Roman Empire tr_east_roman_emp 395 CE 631 CE
unitary state
alliance with uz_sogdiana_city_states  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Byzantine Empire I tr_byzantine_emp_1 632 CE 866 CE
unitary state
alliance with ru_khazar_emp  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Byzantine Empire II tr_byzantine_emp_2 867 CE 1072 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Kingdom of Georgia II ge_georgia_k_2 975 CE 1243 CE
SC
Byzantine Empire III tr_byzantine_emp_3 1073 CE 1204 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT PT IN
Rum Sultanate tr_rum_sultanate 1077 CE 1307 CE
confederated state
vassalage to ir_il_khanate   1243 CE 1307 CE
nominal allegiance to iq_abbasid_cal_2  
D G SC WF RT
Latin Empire tr_latin_emp 1204 CE 1261 CE
Empire of Trebizond tr_trebizond_emp 1204 CE 1461 CE
Beylik of Karaman tr_karaman_bey 1250 CE 1487 CE
Beylik of Candar tr_candar_bey 1291 CE 1461 CE
G
Ottoman Emirate tr_ottoman_emirate 1299 CE 1402 CE
loose
unitary state
vassalage to ir_il_khanate  
D G SC WF RT PT
Kingdom of Georgia III ge_georgia_k_3 1329 CE 1463 CE
vassalage to uz_timurid_emp   1386 CE 1403 CE
G
Qara Qoyunlu tr_qara_qoyunlu 1375 CE 1468 CE
vassalage to uz_timurid_emp   1406 CE 1467 CE
G
Ramadanid Emirate tr_ramadanid_emirate 1397 CE 1517 CE
Ottoman Empire I tr_ottoman_emp_1 1402 CE 1517 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT PT
Ottoman Empire II tr_ottoman_emp_2 1517 CE 1683 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Ottoman Empire III tr_ottoman_emp_3 1683 CE 1839 CE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Khanates of the Caucasus az_caucasus_khanates 1748 CE 1828 CE
Ottoman Empire IV tr_ottoman_emp_4 1839 CE 1922 CE
G SC RT PT IN
Ottoman Empire Late Period tr_ottoman_emp_4_copy 1873 CE 1920 CE
SC RT CC
Republic of Turkey tr_turkey_rep 1923 CE 2020 CE
PT

Levant (Southwest Asia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Canaan il_canaan 2000 BCE 1175 BCE
quasi-polity
nominal allegiance to [---]  
alliance with [---]  
vassalage to [---]  
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Mitanni Kingdom sy_mitanni_k 1475 BCE 1275 BCE
Phoenician Empire lb_phoenician_emp 1200 BCE 332 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
vassalage to [---]  
none  
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Yisrael il_yisrael 1030 BCE 722 BCE
confederated state
none  
alliance with [---]  
vassalage to [---]  
alliance with [---]  
personal union with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Nabataean Kingdom jo_nabataean_k 312 BCE 106 CE
Yehuda il_judea 141 BCE 63 BCE
confederated state
nominal allegiance to [---]  
none  
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Ghassanid Kingdom jo_ghassanid_k 500 CE 636 CE
Umayyad Caliphate sy_umayyad_cal 661 CE 750 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Kingdom of Jerusalem I il_jerusalem_k_1 1099 CE 1187 CE
Kingdom of Jerusalem II il_jerusalem_k_2 1192 CE 1291 CE

Mesopotamia (Southwest Asia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic iq_so_mesopotamia_nl 9000 BCE 5501 BCE
G SC WF RT
Ubaid iq_ubaid 5500 BCE 4201 BCE
unknown
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Uruk iq_uruk 4000 BCE 2900 BCE
unknown
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Early Dynastic iq_early_dynastic 2900 BCE 2500 BCE
quasi-polity
nominal
D G SC WF RT
Akkadian Empire iq_akkad_emp 2270 BCE 2083 BCE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Ur - Dynasty III iq_ur_dyn_3 2112 BCE 2004 BCE
unitary state
personal union with [---]  
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Isin-Larsa iq_isin_larsa 2004 BCE 1763 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Amorite Babylonia iq_babylonia_1 2000 BCE 1600 BCE
nominal
confederated state
D G SC WF RT
Kassite Babylonia iq_babylonia_2 1595 BCE 1150 BCE
confederated state
none  
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Middle Assyrian Empire iq_middle_assyrian_emp 1365 BCE 912 BCE
Second Dynasty of Isin iq_isin_dynasty2 1153 BCE 1027 BCE
confederated state
none  
D G SC WF RT
Bazi Dynasty iq_bazi_dyn 1005 BCE 986 BCE
nominal
none  
D G SC WF RT
Dynasty of E iq_dynasty_e 979 BCE 732 BCE
nominal
none  
D G SC WF RT
Neo-Assyrian Empire iq_neo_assyrian_emp 911 BCE 612 BCE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Neo-Babylonian Empire iq_neo_babylonian_emp 626 BCE 539 BCE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT PT
Abbasid Caliphate I iq_abbasid_cal_1 750 CE 946 CE
unitary state
nominal
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Abbasid Caliphate II iq_abbasid_cal_2 1191 CE 1258 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Republic of Iraq iq_iraq_rep 1959 CE 2020 CE

Arabia (Southwest Asia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Neolithic Yemen ye_yemen_lnl 3500 BCE 1201 BCE
D G SC WF RT
Yemen - Late Bronze Age ye_yemen_lba 1200 BCE 801 BCE
D G SC WF RT
Sabaean Commonwealth ye_sabaean_commonwealth 800 BCE 451 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Qatabanian Commonwealth ye_qatabanian_commonwealth 450 BCE 111 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan ye_saba_k 110 BCE 149 CE
D G SC WF RT
Himyar I ye_himyar_1 270 CE 340 CE
unitary state
vassalage to et_aksum_emp_1    
D G SC WF RT
Himyar II ye_himyar_2 378 CE 525 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Lakhmid Kigdom iq_lakhmid_k 400 CE 611 CE
SC
Yemen Hijaz sa_rashidun_dyn 632 CE 661 CE
RT CC PT
Omani Azd Tribe om_azd 632 CE 702 CE
Yemen Ziyad Dynasty ye_ziyad_dyn 822 CE 1037 CE
loose
nominal allegiance to iq_abbasid_cal_1  
D G SC WF RT
Yemen - Era of Warlords ye_warlords 1038 CE 1174 CE
uncoded
nominal allegiance to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Oman Imamate Yaruba Period om_yaruba_imamate 1160 CE 1660 CE
Oman Imamate om_nabhani_imamate 1160 CE 1660 CE
Rasulid Dynasty ye_rasulid_dyn 1229 CE 1453 CE
unitary state
none  
nominal allegiance to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty ye_tahirid_dyn 1454 CE 1517 CE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT PT
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty ye_qasimid_dyn 1637 CE 1805 CE
loose
none  
D G SC WF RT CC
Qasimid Dynasty XXXXXXX ye_qasimid_dyn_222222 1637 CE 1805 CE
G SC
Imamate of Oman and Muscat om_busaidi_imamate_1 1749 CE 1895 CE
SC RT PT

Iran (Southwest Asia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Pre-Ceramic Period ir_susiana_pre_ceramic 7800 BCE 7200 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Formative Period ir_susiana_formative 7200 BCE 7000 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar ir_susiana_archaic 7000 BCE 6000 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Susiana A ir_susiana_a 6000 BCE 5700 BCE
D G SC WF RT
Susiana B ir_susiana_b 5700 BCE 5100 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Susiana - Early Ubaid ir_susiana_ubaid_1 5100 BCE 4700 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF
Susiana - Late Ubaid ir_susiana_ubaid_2 4700 BCE 4300 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF
Susa I ir_susa_1 4300 BCE 3800 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF
Susa II ir_susa_2 3800 BCE 3100 BCE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT
Susa III ir_susa_3 3100 BCE 2675 BCE
confederated state
unitary state
D G SC WF
Elam - Awan Dynasty I ir_elam_1 2675 BCE 2100 BCE
confederated state
alliance with [---]  
nominal allegiance to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Elam - Shimashki Period ir_elam_2 2028 BCE 1940 BCE
confederated state
nominal allegiance to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Elam - Early Sukkalmah ir_elam_3 1900 BCE 1701 BCE
quasi-polity
confederated state
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Elam - Late Sukkalmah ir_elam_4 1700 BCE 1500 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Elam - Kidinuid Period ir_elam_5 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT
Elam - Igihalkid Period ir_elam_6 1399 BCE 1200 BCE
unitary state
alliance with iq_babylonia_2  
D G SC WF RT
Elam - Shutrukid Period ir_elam_7 1199 BCE 1100 BCE
unitary state
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Elam - Crisis Period ir_elam_8 1100 BCE 900 BCE
quasi-polity
confederated state
none  
D G SC WF RT
Elam I ir_neo_elam_1 900 BCE 744 BCE
quasi-polity
confederated state
D G SC WF RT
Elam II ir_neo_elam_2 743 BCE 647 BCE
unitary state
confederated state
alliance with [---]  
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Median Persian Empire ir_median_emp 715 BCE 550 BCE
SC
Elam III ir_neo_elam_3 612 BCE 539 BCE
quasi-polity
confederated state
D G SC WF RT
Achaemenid Empire ir_achaemenid_emp 550 BCE 331 BCE
unitary state
confederated state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Atropatene Kingdom ir_atropatene_k 323 BCE 200 CE
Seleucid Empire ir_seleucid_emp 312 BCE 63 BCE
unitary state
confederated state
nominal allegiance to it_roman_rep_2   204 BCE 192 BCE
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Parthian Empire I ir_parthian_emp_1 247 BCE 40 CE
confederated state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Elymais II ir_elymais_2 25 CE 215 CE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT IN
Parthian Empire II iq_parthian_emp_2 41 CE 226 CE
confederated state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Sasanid Empire I ir_sassanid_emp_1 205 CE 487 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT PT IN
Sasanid Empire II ir_sassanid_emp_2 488 CE 642 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
alliance with tr_byzantine_emp_1  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Saffarid Caliphate ir_saffarid_emp 861 CE 1003 CE
D G SC RT CC IN
Buyid Confederation ir_buyid_confederation 932 CE 1062 CE
confederated state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Seljuk Sultanate ir_seljuk_sultanate 1037 CE 1157 CE
confederated state
nominal allegiance to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Ilkhanate ir_il_khanate 1256 CE 1339 CE
unitary state
nominal allegiance to mn_mongol_emp  
nominal allegiance to cn_yuan_dyn  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Jayarid Khanate ir_jayarid_khanate 1336 CE 1393 CE
nominal allegiance to uz_timurid_emp   1370 CE 1393 CE
G SC IN
Ak Koyunlu ir_ak_koyunlu 1339 CE 1501 CE
confederated state
loose
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT PT IN
Safavid Empire ir_safavid_emp 1501 CE 1722 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Qajar Dynasty ir_qajar_dyn 1794 CE 1925 CE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Iran Pahlavi Dynasty ir_pahlavi_dyn 1926 CE 1979 CE
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Central and Northern Eurasia

Pontic-Caspian (Central and Northern Eurasia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Khazar Empire ru_khazar_emp 626 CE 965 CE
Golden Horde ru_golden_horde 1240 CE 1440 CE
alliance with uz_timurid_emp   1370 CE 1395 CE
nominal allegiance to cn_yuan_dyn  
D G SC CC PT
Kazan Khanate ru_kazan_khanate 1438 CE 1552 CE
SC
Crimean Khanate ru_crimean_khanate 1440 CE 1783 CE
SC
Astrakhan Khanate ru_astrakhan_khanate 1466 CE 1556 CE

Turkestan (Central and Northern Eurasia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Sarazm tj_sarasm 3500 BCE 2000 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Andronovo kz_andronovo 1800 BCE 1200 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Koktepe I uz_koktepe_1 1400 BCE 1000 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Ancient Khwarazm uz_khwarasm_1 1000 BCE 521 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Koktepe II uz_koktepe_2 750 BCE 550 BCE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT
Kangju uz_kangju 150 BCE 350 CE
SC
Chionites kz_chionite 300 CE 388 CE
SC
Yueban kz_yueban 350 CE 450 CE
SC
Western Turk Khaganate kg_western_turk_khaganate 582 CE 630 CE
loose
confederated state
G SC WF RT
Sogdiana - City-States Period uz_sogdiana_city_states 604 CE 711 CE
quasi-polity
alliance with [---]  
nominal allegiance to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Oghuz Yabgu State kz_oghuz_state 766 CE 1055 CE
Samanid Empire uz_samanid_emp 819 CE 999 CE
unitary state
nominal allegiance to [---]  
alliance with ye_ziyad_dyn  
D G SC WF RT
Kingdom of Khotan cn_khotan_k 852 CE 1006 CE
Kimek–Kipchak Confederation kz_kimek_conf 880 CE 1227 CE
Kara-Khanids kg_kara_khanid_dyn 950 CE 1212 CE
confederated state
alliance with [---]  
nominal allegiance to [---]  
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Kara Khitai Khanate tm_kara_khitai_khanate 1137 CE 1218 CE
Khwarezmid Empire tm_khwarezmid_emp 1157 CE 1231 CE
D G SC CC
Chagatai Khanate uz_chagatai_khanate 1227 CE 1402 CE
nominal
vassalage to mn_mongol_emp   1227 CE 1266 CE
nominal allegiance to cn_yuan_dyn  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Oirats kz_oirat 1368 CE 1630 CE
D G SC CC
Timurid Empire uz_timurid_emp 1370 CE 1526 CE
nominal
unitary state
confederated state
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Kazakh Khanate I kz_kazakh_khanate_1 1465 CE 1718 CE
Shaybanid Kingdom uz_shaybanid_k 1500 CE 1598 CE
SC
Khanate of Bukhara uz_janid_dyn 1599 CE 1747 CE
nominal
none  
D G SC WF RT PT
Kazakh Khanate II kz_kazakh_khanate_2 1719 CE 1847 CE

Afghanistan (Central and Northern Eurasia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom af_greco_bactrian_k 256 BCE 125 BCE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC
Tocharians af_tocharian 129 BCE 29 CE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Kushan Empire af_kushan_emp 35 CE 319 CE
confederated state
vassalage to it_roman_principate   230 CE 319 CE
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Kidarite Kingdom af_kidarite_k 388 CE 477 CE
confederated state
nominal allegiance to ir_sassanid_emp_1  
D G SC WF RT
Hephthalite Empire af_hephthalite_emp 408 CE 561 CE
nominal
confederated state
alliance with ir_sassanid_emp_1  
D G SC WF RT PT
Ghaznavid Empire af_ghaznavid_emp 998 CE 1040 CE
SC
Ghur Principality af_ghur_principality 1025 CE 1215 CE
loose
confederated state
none  
vassalage to af_ghaznavid_emp  
D G SC WF RT PT
Durrani Empire af_durrani_emp 1747 CE 1826 CE
loose
none  
D G SC WF RT PT
Emirate of Afghanistan af_afghanistan_emirate 1827 CE 1926 CE
Kingdom of Afghanistan af_afghanistan_k 1927 CE 1973 CE
Republic of Afghanistan af_afghanistan_rep 1974 CE 2020 CE

Mongolia (Central and Northern Eurasia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Early Xiongnu mn_hunnu_early 1400 BCE 300 BCE
D G SC WF RT
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation mn_hunnu_emp 209 BCE 60 BCE
confederated state
D G SC WF RT
Late Xiongnu mn_hunnu_late 60 BCE 100 CE
confederated state
D G SC WF RT
Loulan-Shanshan kingdom cn_loulan_shanshan_k 25 CE 330 CE
Xianbei Confederation mn_xianbei 100 CE 250 CE
nominal
loose
D G SC WF RT CC
Rouran Khaganate mn_rouran_khaganate 300 CE 555 CE
confederated state
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Tuyuhun cn_tuyuhun 300 CE 663 CE
SC
Eastern Turk Khaganate mn_turk_khaganate_1 583 CE 630 CE
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Shiwei mn_shiwei 600 CE 1000 CE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Second Turk Khaganate mn_turk_khaganate_2 682 CE 744 CE
loose
confederated state
alliance with cn_sui_dyn  
alliance with cn_tang_dyn_1  
D G SC WF RT CC
Uigur Khaganate mn_uygur_khaganate 745 CE 840 CE
confederated state
alliance with [---]  
personal union with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Khitan I mn_khitan_1 907 CE 1125 CE
confederated state
D G SC WF RT CC
Early Mongols mn_mongol_early 1000 CE 1206 CE
quasi-polity
none  
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Xixia cn_xixia 1032 CE 1227 CE
vassalage to cn_later_great_jin   1038 CE 1227 CE
G SC
Mongol Empire mn_mongol_emp 1206 CE 1270 CE
uncoded
none  
D G SC WF RT PT
Late Mongols mn_mongol_late 1368 CE 1690 CE
quasi-polity
nominal
D G SC WF RT PT
Zungharian Empire mn_zungharian_emp 1670 CE 1757 CE
confederated state
none  
D G SC WF RT PT
Mongolian People's Republic mn_mongolia_peoples_rep 1920 CE 1992 CE

Siberia (Central and Northern Eurasia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Sakha - Early ru_sakha_early 1400 CE 1632 CE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Sibir Khanate ru_sibir_khanate 1490 CE 1598 CE
Sakha - Late ru_sakha_late 1632 CE 1900 CE
loose
vassalage to ru_romanov_dyn_1  
vassalage to ru_romanov_dyn_2  
D G SC WF RT CC

Tibet (Central and Northern Eurasia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Tibet Kingdom cn_tibet_k 620 CE 846 CE
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East Asia

Northeast Asia (East Asia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Japan - Incipient Jomon jp_jomon_1 13600 BCE 9200 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Japan - Initial Jomon jp_jomon_2 9200 BCE 5300 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Japan - Early Jomon jp_jomon_3 5300 BCE 3500 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Japan - Middle Jomon jp_jomon_4 3500 BCE 2500 BCE
quasi-polity
G SC WF RT
Japan - Late Jomon jp_jomon_5 2500 BCE 1200 BCE
quasi-polity
G SC WF RT
Japan - Final Jomon jp_jomon_6 1200 BCE 300 BCE
quasi-polity
G SC WF RT
Kansai - Yayoi Period jp_yayoi 300 BCE 250 CE
quasi-polity
inferred nominal allegiance to cn_eastern_han_dyn   57 CE 107 CE
inferred nominal allegiance to cn_wei_k   238 CE 247 CE
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Goguryeo Kingdom kr_goguryeo_k 37 BCE 668 CE
Kansai - Kofun Period jp_kofun 250 CE 537 CE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT PT
Asuka jp_asuka 538 CE 710 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Balhae Kingdom kr_balhae_k 698 CE 926 CE
Nara Kingdom jp_nara 710 CE 794 CE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT PT
Heian jp_heian 794 CE 1185 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Goryeo Kingdom kr_goryeo_k 936 CE 1258 CE
nominal allegiance to cn_later_great_jin  
vassalage to cn_yuan_dyn  
G
Kamakura Shogunate jp_kamakura 1185 CE 1333 CE
confederated state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Ashikaga Shogunate jp_ashikaga 1336 CE 1467 CE
confederated state
nominal allegiance to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Joseon Dynasty kr_joseon 1392 CE 1567 CE
nominal allegiance to cn_ming_dyn   1392 CE 1567 CE
G
Warring States Japan jp_sengoku_jidai 1467 CE 1568 CE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama jp_azuchi_momoyama 1568 CE 1603 CE
loose
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Tokugawa Shogunate jp_tokugawa_shogunate 1603 CE 1868 CE
confederated state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Empire of Japan jp_japanese_emp 1869 CE 1945 CE
PT
Democratic People's Republic of Korea ko_korean_democratic_peoples_rep 1948 CE 2020 CE
Republic of Korea ko_korean_rep 1948 CE 2020 CE
Japan jp_japan_contemporary 1952 CE 2020 CE
PT

North China (East Asia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Peiligang cn_peiligang 7000 BCE 5001 BCE
D G SC WF
Yangshao cn_yangshao 5000 BCE 3000 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Longshan cn_longshan 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Erlitou cn_erlitou 1850 BCE 1600 BCE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF
Erligang cn_erligang 1650 BCE 1250 BCE
quasi-polity
confederated state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF
Late Shang cn_late_shang_dyn 1250 BCE 1045 BCE
unitary state
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Western Zhou cn_western_zhou_dyn 1122 BCE 771 BCE
loose
unitary state
alliance with cn_jin_spring_and_autumn  
D G SC WF RT CC
Jin cn_jin_spring_and_autumn 780 BCE 404 BCE
loose
alliance with [---]  
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Qi - Spring and Autumn cn_qi_spring_autumn 770 BCE 489 BCE
Qi - Warring States cn_qi_warring_states 488 BCE 222 BCE
Eastern Zhou cn_eastern_zhou_warring_states 475 BCE 256 BCE
SC CC PT
Early Wei Dynasty cn_wei_dyn_warring_states 445 BCE 225 BCE
confederated state
nominal allegiance to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Qin Empire cn_qin_emp 338 BCE 207 BCE
SC RT CC PT
Western Han Empire cn_western_han_dyn 202 BCE 9 CE
unitary state
alliance with mn_hunnu_late  
vassalage to [---]  
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Eastern Han Empire cn_eastern_han_dyn 25 CE 220 CE
unitary state
confederated state
alliance with mn_hunnu_late  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Wei Kingdom cn_wei_k 220 CE 265 CE
G SC WF PT
Western Jin cn_western_jin_dyn 265 CE 317 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Eastern Jin Dynasty cn_eastern_jin_dyn 317 CE 420 CE
Later Yan Kingdom cn_later_yan_dyn 385 CE 409 CE
SC
Later Qin Kingdom cn_later_qin_dyn 386 CE 417 CE
SC
Northern Wei cn_northern_wei_dyn 386 CE 534 CE
unitary state
alliance with mn_rouran_khaganate  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Sui Dynasty cn_sui_dyn 581 CE 618 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Tang Dynasty I cn_tang_dyn_1 617 CE 763 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Tang Dynasty II cn_tang_dyn_2 763 CE 907 CE
confederated state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Qocho Kingdom cn_qocho_k 843 CE 1132 CE
Ganzhou Kingdom cn_ganzhou_k 893 CE 1036 CE
Five Dynasties Period cn_five_dyn 906 CE 970 CE
D G SC RT PT
Northern Song cn_northern_song_dyn 960 CE 1127 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Jin Dynasty cn_later_great_jin 1115 CE 1234 CE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Great Yuan cn_yuan_dyn 1271 CE 1368 CE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Great Ming cn_ming_dyn 1368 CE 1644 CE
unitary state
alliance with kr_joseon   1592 CE 1598 CE
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Early Qing cn_qing_dyn_1 1644 CE 1796 CE
unitary state
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Late Qing cn_qing_dyn_2 1796 CE 1912 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Republic of China cn_chinese_rep 1913 CE 1949 CE
People's Republic of China cn_chinese_peoples_rep 1950 CE 2024 CE

South China (East Asia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Chu Kingdom - Spring and Autumn Period cn_chu_dyn_spring_autumn 740 BCE 489 BCE
SC
Wu Confederacy cn_wu_confederacy 585 BCE 477 BCE
SC
Yue Kingdom cn_yue_dyn 510 BCE 334 BCE
SC
Chu Kingdom - Warring States Period cn_chu_k_warring_states 488 BCE 223 BCE
SC
Southern Qi State cn_southern_qi_dyn 479 CE 502 CE
SC
Southern Song cn_southern_song_dyn 1127 CE 1279 CE
nominal allegiance to cn_later_great_jin  
G SC CC PT
Hmong - Late Qing cn_hmong_1 1701 CE 1895 CE
quasi-polity
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Hmong - Early Chinese cn_hmong_2 1895 CE 1941 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT
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South Asia

Pakistan (South Asia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic pk_kachi_enl 7500 BCE 5500 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic pk_kachi_lnl 5500 BCE 4000 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic pk_kachi_ca 4000 BCE 3200 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period pk_kachi_pre_urban 3200 BCE 2500 BCE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Kachi Plain - Urban Period I pk_kachi_urban_1 2500 BCE 2100 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II pk_kachi_urban_2 2100 BCE 1800 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period pk_kachi_post_urban 1800 BCE 1300 BCE
loose
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period pk_kachi_proto_historic 1300 BCE 500 BCE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF
Indo-Greek Kingdom pk_indo_greek_k 180 BCE 10 BCE
nominal
none  
D G SC WF RT
Indo-Parthian Kingdom pk_indo_parthian_k 12 BCE 100 CE
Western Satraps pk_western_satraps 35 CE 405 CE
Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period pk_sind_abbasid_fatimid 854 CE 1193 CE
unitary state
loose
nominal
nominal allegiance to [---]  
none  
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Sind - Samma Dynasty pk_samma_dyn 1335 CE 1521 CE
unitary state
none  
none  
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT PT
Islamic Republic of Pakistan pk_pakistan_islamic_rep 1947 CE 2020 CE

Eastern South Asia (South Asia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Gangaridai in_gangaridai 300 BCE 100 BCE
RT
Kamarupa Kingdom in_kamarupa_k 350 CE 1130 CE
SC
Vanga Dynasty in_vanga_k 550 CE 600 CE
RT
Gauda Kingdom in_gauda_k 600 CE 625 CE
SC RT PT
Khadga Dynasty bd_khadga_dyn 650 CE 700 CE
SC RT
Pala Empire in_pala_emp 750 CE 1174 CE
RT PT
Chandra Dynasty bd_chandra_dyn 900 CE 1050 CE
SC RT PT
Ganga Kingdom in_ganga_k 1028 CE 1435 CE
Yadava-Varman Dynasty bd_yadava_varman_dyn 1080 CE 1150 CE
SC RT
Sena Dynasty bd_sena_dyn 1095 CE 1245 CE
SC RT
Deva Dynasty bd_deva_dyn 1150 CE 1300 CE
SC RT PT
Bengal Sultanate bd_bengal_sultanate 1338 CE 1538 CE
SC RT PT
Twelve Bhuyans bd_twelve_bhuyans 1538 CE 1612 CE
SC RT PT
Nawabs of Bengal bd_nawabs_of_bengal 1717 CE 1757 CE
SC RT PT
British East India Company in_east_india_co 1757 CE 1858 CE
SC RT PT
Early A'chik in_achik_1 1775 CE 1867 CE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Late A'chik in_achik_2 1867 CE 1956 CE
loose
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC

Southern India (South Asia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Deccan - Neolithic in_deccan_nl 2700 BCE 1200 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Deccan - Iron Age in_deccan_ia 1200 BCE 300 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Early Cheras in_cheras_1 300 BCE 300 CE
D
Early Cholas in_cholas_1 300 BCE 300 CE
D G SC RT PT
Early Pandyas in_pandya_emp_1 300 BCE 300 CE
D G SC RT PT
Post-Mauryan Kingdoms in_post_mauryan_k 205 BCE 101 BCE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Satavahana Empire in_satavahana_emp 100 BCE 200 CE
loose
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Kalabhra Dynasty in_kalabhra_dyn 200 CE 600 CE
D G SC RT
Vakataka Kingdom in_vakataka_k 255 CE 550 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Late Pallava Empire in_pallava_emp_2 300 CE 890 CE
D G SC RT PT
Kadamba Empire in_kadamba_emp 345 CE 550 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT
Chalukyas of Badami in_badami_chalukya_emp 543 CE 753 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT
Maukhari Dynasty in_maukhari_dyn 550 CE 605 CE
SC
Pandya Dynasty in_pandya_emp_2 590 CE 915 CE
D G SC RT PT
Rashtrakuta Empire in_rashtrakuta_emp 753 CE 973 CE
loose
none  
D G SC WF RT PT
Chola Empire in_chola_emp 849 CE 1280 CE
D G SC RT PT
Chalukyas of Kalyani in_kalyani_chalukya_emp 973 CE 1189 CE
loose
none  
D G SC WF RT
Paramara Dynasty in_paramara_dyn 974 CE 1235 CE
SC
Hoysala Kingdom in_hoysala_k 1108 CE 1346 CE
unitary state
nominal allegiance to [---]  
none  
D G SC WF RT
Kalachuris of Kalyani in_kalachuri_emp 1157 CE 1184 CE
SC RT
Kakatiya Dynasty in_kakatiya_dyn 1175 CE 1324 CE
SC
Pandya Empire in_pandya_emp_3 1216 CE 1323 CE
nominal
D G SC RT
Kampili Kingdom in_kampili_k 1280 CE 1327 CE
unitary state
nominal
alliance with in_yadava_dyn  
D G SC WF RT
Vijayanagara Empire in_vijayanagara_emp 1336 CE 1646 CE
loose
confederated state
nominal
none  
D G SC WF RT
Bahmani Sultanate in_bahmani_sultanate 1347 CE 1518 CE
RT
Bijapur Sultanate in_bijapur_sultanate 1470 CE 1686 CE
Ahmadnagar Sultanate in_ahmadnagar_sultanate 1490 CE 1636 CE
Nayaks of Madurai in_madurai_nayaks 1529 CE 1736 CE
D G SC RT PT
Nayaks of Thanjavur in_thanjavur_nayaks 1532 CE 1676 CE
D G SC RT PT
Kingdom of Mysore in_mysore_k 1566 CE 1799 CE
Maratha Empire in_maratha_emp 1674 CE 1818 CE
Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom in_thanjavur_maratha_k 1675 CE 1799 CE
D G SC RT PT
Carnatic Sultanate in_carnatic_sul 1710 CE 1801 CE
D G SC RT PT

Sri Lanka (South Asia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Anurādhapura I sl_anuradhapura_1 300 BCE 70 CE
nominal
D G SC RT PT
Anurādhapura II sl_anuradhapura_2 70 CE 428 CE
nominal
D G SC RT PT
Anurādhapura III sl_anuradhapura_3 428 CE 614 CE
nominal
D G SC RT PT
Anurādhapura IV sl_anuradhapura_4 614 CE 1017 CE
nominal
loose
D G SC RT
Polonnaruwa sl_polonnaruva 1070 CE 1255 CE
nominal
D G SC RT PT
Dambadaneiya sl_dambadeniya 1232 CE 1293 CE
G SC RT PT
Jaffna sl_jaffa_k 1310 CE 1591 CE
vassalage to in_vijayanagara_emp   1385 CE 1500 CE
G SC RT PT
Sri Lanka sl_sri_lanka 1948 CE 2020 CE

North India (South Asia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Neolithic Middle Ganga in_ganga_nl 7000 BCE 3001 BCE
D G SC WF RT
Chalcolithic Middle Ganga in_ganga_ca 3000 BCE 601 BCE
D G SC WF RT
Mahajanapada era in_mahajanapada 600 BCE 324 BCE
D G SC WF RT
Magadha - Nanda Dynasty in_nanda_dyn 413 BCE 322 BCE
RT PT
Magadha - Maurya Empire in_mauryan_emp 324 BCE 187 BCE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Magadha - Sunga Empire in_sunga_emp 187 BCE 65 BCE
uncoded
D G SC WF RT PT
Magadha - Kanva Dynasty in_kanva_dyn 75 BCE 30 BCE
G RT
Kingdom of Ayodhya in_ayodhya_k 64 BCE 34 CE
D G SC WF
Yaudheya Republic in_yaudheya_rep 300 CE 375 CE
Gupta Empire in_gupta_emp 320 CE 550 CE
loose
alliance with in_vakataka_k  
D G SC WF RT PT
Magadha in_magadha_k 450 CE 605 CE
G SC WF RT
Maitraka Dynasty in_maitraka_dyn 470 CE 790 CE
SC
Harsha's Empire in_harsha_emp 606 CE 647 CE
Karkota Dynasty in_karkota_dyn 625 CE 1339 CE
SC
Kannauj - Varman Dynasty in_kannauj_varman_dyn 650 CE 780 CE
D G SC WF RT
Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty in_gurjara_pratihara_dyn 730 CE 1030 CE
D G SC WF RT PT
Utpala Dynasty in_utpala_dyn 855 CE 1003 CE
Chaulukya Dynasty in_chaulukya_dyn 941 CE 1245 CE
SC
Chandela Kingdom in_chandela_k 950 CE 1308 CE
SC
Chauhana Dynasty in_chauhana_dyn 973 CE 1192 CE
SC
Lohara Dynasty in_lohara_dyn 1003 CE 1255 CE
Gahadavala Dynasty in_gahadavala_dyn 1085 CE 1193 CE
D G SC WF RT PT
Yadava Dynasty in_yadava_dyn 1190 CE 1318 CE
SC
Delhi Sultanate in_delhi_sultanate 1206 CE 1526 CE
confederated state
nominal allegiance to iq_abbasid_cal_2  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Kashmiri Sultanate in_kashmiri_sultanate 1346 CE 1580 CE
Sharqi in_sharqi_dyn 1394 CE 1479 CE
SC
Mughal Empire in_mughal_emp 1526 CE 1858 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF CC PT IN
Sur Empire in_sur_emp 1540 CE 1556 CE
RT PT
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Southeast Asia

Mainland Southeast Asia (Southeast Asia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Bronze Age Cambodia kh_cambodia_ba 1200 BCE 501 BCE
D G SC WF RT
Iron Age Cambodia kh_cambodia_ia 500 BCE 224 CE
D G SC WF RT
Viet Baiyu Kingdom cn_viet_baiyu_k 332 BCE 109 BCE
SC
Funan I kh_funan_1 225 CE 540 CE
confederated state
nominal allegiance to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Funan II kh_funan_2 540 CE 640 CE
confederated state
nominal allegiance to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Chenla kh_chenla 550 CE 825 CE
confederated state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC
Lavo Kingdom I th_lavo_k_1 638 CE 1001 CE
Haribhunjaya th_haribhunjaya_k 662 CE 1292 CE
Nanzhao Kingdom cn_nanzhao_k 800 CE 900 CE
Early Angkor kh_angkor_1 802 CE 1100 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT PT
Dali Kingdom cn_dali_k 937 CE 1253 CE
Lavo Kingdom II th_lavo_k_2 1002 CE 1350 CE
Bagan mm_bagan 1044 CE 1287 CE
SC
Classical Angkor kh_angkor_2 1100 CE 1220 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT PT
Late Angkor kh_angkor_3 1220 CE 1432 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Sukhotai th_sukhotai 1238 CE 1419 CE
SC
Lan Xang Kingdom la_lan_xang_k 1354 CE 1707 CE
Ava Kingdom mm_ava_k 1364 CE 1527 CE
Khmer Kingdom kh_khmer_k 1432 CE 1594 CE
unitary state
none  
D G SC WF RT
Ayutthaya th_ayutthaya 1593 CE 1767 CE
nominal allegiance to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT IN
Rattanakosin th_rattanakosin 1782 CE 1873 CE
confederated state
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Nguyen Dynasty vt_nguyen_dyn 1802 CE 1887 CE
Thailand Reform Period th_reform_period_thailand 1887 CE 1932 CE
RT
Democratic Republic of Vietnam vt_vietnam_democratic_rep 1954 CE 1975 CE
Republic of Vietnam vt_vietnam_rep 1955 CE 1975 CE
Socialist Republic of Vietnam vt_vietnam_socialist_rep 1975 CE 2020 CE

Maritime Southeast Asia (Southeast Asia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Java - Buni Culture id_buni 400 BCE 500 CE
D G SC WF
Kalingga Kingdom id_kalingga_k 500 CE 732 CE
uncoded
none  
D G SC WF
Medang Kingdom id_medang_k 732 CE 1019 CE
nominal
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Srivijaya Empire id_srivijaya_emp 852 CE 1200 CE
Kediri Kingdom id_kediri_k 1049 CE 1222 CE
nominal
D G SC WF RT CC
Malacca Sultanate my_malacca_sultanate_22222 1270 CE 1415 CE
SC
Majapahit Kingdom id_majapahit_k 1292 CE 1518 CE
loose
D G SC WF RT PT
Malacca Sultanate my_malacca_sultanate 1396 CE 1511 CE
SC
Mataram Sultanate id_mataram_k 1568 CE 1755 CE
loose
D G SC WF RT PT
Iban - Pre-Brooke id_iban_1 1650 CE 1841 CE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial id_iban_2 1841 CE 1987 CE
loose
none  
vassalage to [---]  
none  
D G SC WF RT CC
Republic of the Philippines pi_phililippines_rep 1946 CE 2020 CE
Republic of Indonesia id_indonesian_rep 1949 CE 2020 CE
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Oceania-Australia

Australia (Oceania-Australia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Australia Colonial Period as_australia_colonial 1803 CE 1901 CE

New Guinea (Oceania-Australia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial 1734 CE 1883 CE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Orokaiva - Colonial pg_orokaiva_colonial 1884 CE 1942 CE
loose
vassalage to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC

Polynesia (Oceania-Australia)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Hawaii I us_hawaii_1 1000 CE 1200 CE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Hawaii II us_hawaii_2 1200 CE 1580 CE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Hawaii III us_hawaii_3 1580 CE 1778 CE
unitary state
quasi-polity
loose
unitary state
quasi-polity
unitary state
D G SC WF RT PT
Chuuk - Early Truk fm_truk_1 1775 CE 1886 CE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT CC
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period us_kamehameha_k 1778 CE 1819 CE
unitary state
nominal allegiance to gb_british_emp_1   1810 CE 1819 CE
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period us_hawaii_k 1820 CE 1898 CE
G SC RT CC PT
Chuuk - Late Truk fm_truk_2 1886 CE 1948 CE
loose
vassalage to de_hohenzollern_3  
D G SC WF RT CC
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North America

Arctic America (North America)

There are no Polities in the Database for this region.

Western North America (North America)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Hohokam Culture us_hohokam_culture 300 CE 1500 CE
D G SC CC
Chaco Canyon - Early Bonito phase us_chaco_bonito_1 850 CE 1040 CE
Chaco Canyon - Classic Bonito phase us_chaco_bonito_2 1041 CE 1100 CE
Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase us_chaco_bonito_3 1101 CE 1140 CE
D G SC CC
Chaco Canyon - McElmo phase us_chaco_mcelmo 1141 CE 1200 CE
CC
Chaco Canyon - Mesa Verde phase us_chaco_mesa_verde 1201 CE 1300 CE

Great Plains (North America)

There are no Polities in the Database for this region.

Mississippi Basin (North America)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Cahokia - Early Woodland us_woodland_1 600 BCE 150 BCE
none
none  
D G SC WF RT
Cahokia - Middle Woodland us_woodland_2 150 BCE 300 CE
none
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Cahokia - Late Woodland I us_woodland_3 300 CE 450 CE
none
none  
D G SC WF RT
Cahokia - Late Woodland II us_woodland_4 450 CE 600 CE
none
none  
D G SC WF RT
Cahokia - Late Woodland III us_woodland_5 600 CE 750 CE
none
none  
D G SC WF RT
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I us_emergent_mississippian_1 750 CE 900 CE
none
none  
D G SC WF RT
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II us_emergent_mississippian_2 900 CE 1049 CE
loose
none  
D G SC WF RT
Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling us_cahokia_1 1050 CE 1199 CE
loose
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Cahokia - Moorehead us_cahokia_2 1200 CE 1275 CE
loose
none  
D G SC WF RT CC
Cahokia - Sand Prairie us_cahokia_3 1275 CE 1400 CE
loose
none  
D G SC WF RT
Oneota us_oneota 1400 CE 1650 CE
quasi-polity
D G SC WF RT
Early Illinois Confederation us_early_illinois_confederation 1640 CE 1717 CE
quasi-polity
nominal allegiance to [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Late Illinois Confederation us_late_illinois_confederation 1718 CE 1778 CE
CC

East Coast (North America)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy us_proto_haudenosaunee 1300 CE 1565 CE
D G SC WF RT
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early us_haudenosaunee_1 1566 CE 1713 CE
loose
none  
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late us_haudenosaunee_2 1714 CE 1848 CE
loose
nominal allegiance to [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Antebellum US us_antebellum 1776 CE 1865 CE
D G SC CC PT IN
Us Reconstruction-Progressive us_united_states_of_america_reconstruction 1866 CE 1933 CE
G SC CC PT
Dominion of Canada ca_canada_dominion 1867 CE 2020 CE
United States of America - Contemporary us_united_states_of_america_contemporary 1934 CE 2020 CE
PT

Mexico (North America)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Archaic Basin of Mexico mx_basin_of_mexico_1 6000 BCE 2001 BCE
D G SC WF RT
Initial Formative Basin of Mexico mx_basin_of_mexico_2 2000 BCE 1201 BCE
D G SC WF RT
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas mx_tierras_largas 1400 BCE 1150 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Early Formative Basin of Mexico mx_basin_of_mexico_3 1200 BCE 801 BCE
quasi-polity
alliance with [---]  
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Oaxaca - San Jose mx_san_jose 1150 BCE 700 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico mx_basin_of_mexico_4 800 BCE 401 BCE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Oaxaca - Rosario mx_rosario 700 BCE 500 BCE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT CC
Early Monte Alban I mx_monte_alban_1_early 500 BCE 300 BCE
uncoded
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Late Formative Basin of Mexico mx_basin_of_mexico_5 400 BCE 101 BCE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Monte Alban Late I mx_monte_alban_1_late 300 BCE 100 BCE
unitary state
confederated state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Monte Alban II mx_monte_alban_2 100 BCE 200 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico mx_basin_of_mexico_6 100 BCE 99 CE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Classic Basin of Mexico mx_basin_of_mexico_7 100 CE 649 CE
D G SC WF RT CC
Monte Alban III mx_monte_alban_3_a 200 CE 500 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Early Classic Tikal gt_tikal_early_classic 250 CE 554 CE
G SC PT
Monte Alban IIIB and IV mx_monte_alban_3_b_4 500 CE 900 CE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT
Classic Maya mx_maya_classic 550 CE 950 CE
CC
Late Classic Tikal gt_tikal_late_classic 555 CE 869 CE
D G SC PT
Epiclassic Basin of Mexico mx_basin_of_mexico_8 650 CE 899 CE
D G SC WF RT CC
Terminal Classic Tikal gt_tikal_terminal_classic 870 CE 950 CE
CC
Monte Alban V mx_monte_alban_5 900 CE 1520 CE
quasi-polity
personal union with [---]  
none  
D G SC WF RT
Toltecs mx_toltec 900 CE 1199 CE
D G SC WF RT CC
Monte Alban V Early Postclassic mx_monte_alban_5_a 900 CE 1099 CE
SC CC
Early Postclassic Tikal gt_tikal_early_postclassic 951 CE 1250 CE
Monte Alban V Late Postclassic mx_monte_alban_5_b 1101 CE 1520 CE
SC CC
Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico mx_basin_of_mexico_10 1200 CE 1426 CE
D G SC WF RT
Aztec Empire mx_aztec_emp 1427 CE 1526 CE
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Early United Mexican States mx_mexico_1 1810 CE 1920 CE
D G SC CC PT
United Mexican States I mx_united_mexican_states_1 1821 CE 1917 CE
Republic of Costa Rica cr_costa_rica_rep 1838 CE 2020 CE
Late United Mexican States mx_mexico_2 1921 CE 2020 CE
CC PT
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South America and Caribbean

Caribbean (South America and Caribbean)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Monagrillo pa_monagrillo 3000 BCE 1300 BCE
SC
La Mula-Sarigua pa_la_mula_sarigua 1300 BCE 200 CE
SC
Early Greater Coclé pa_cocle_1 200 CE 700 CE
SC
Neguanje co_neguanje 250 CE 1050 CE
quasi-polity
unknown [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Middle Greater Coclé pa_cocle_2 700 CE 1000 CE
SC
Late Greater Coclé pa_cocle_3 1000 CE 1515 CE
SC
Tairona co_tairona 1050 CE 1524 CE
quasi-polity
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Republic of Colombia I co_colombia_rep_1 1819 CE 1958 CE
Republic of Venezuela I ve_venezuela_rep_1 1830 CE 1983 CE
Republic of Cuba I cu_cuba_rep_1 1902 CE 1956 CE

Andes (South America and Caribbean)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Cuzco - Late Formative pe_cuzco_1 500 BCE 200 CE
none
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Late Formative Titicaca Basin bo_titicaca_late_formative 100 CE 499 CE
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I pe_cuzco_2 200 CE 499 CE
none
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Early Tiwanaku bo_tiwanaku_1 500 CE 799 CE
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II pe_cuzco_3 500 CE 649 CE
quasi-polity
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Wari Empire pe_wari_emp 650 CE 999 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT CC
Late Tiwanaku bo_tiwanaku_2 800 CE 1149 CE
D G SC CC
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I pe_cuzco_5 1000 CE 1250 CE
quasi-polity
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Titicaca Basin - Early Pacajes phase bo_titicaca_early_pacajes 1150 CE 1450 CE
CC
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II pe_cuzco_6 1250 CE 1400 CE
quasi-polity
alliance with [---]  
D G SC WF RT
Inca Empire pe_inca_emp 1375 CE 1532 CE
unitary state
alliance with [---]  
none  
D G SC WF RT CC PT
Republic of Chile I ch_chile_rep_1 1818 CE 1990 CE
Bolivia - Independence and Republican Era bo_bolivia_rep 1825 CE 1952 CE
Bolivia - Modern Era bo_bolivia_modern 1953 CE 2024 CE

Amazonia (South America and Caribbean)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Shuar - Colonial ec_shuar_1 1534 CE 1830 CE
nominal
quasi-polity
none  
vassalage to es_spanish_emp_1  
D G SC WF RT CC
Empire of Brazil br_brazil_emp 1822 CE 1888 CE
Shuar - Ecuadorian ec_shuar_2 1831 CE 1931 CE
quasi-polity
none  
D G SC WF RT

Southern South America (South America and Caribbean)

Polity Name   Year Range     Degree of Centralization Supra-Polity Relations  Coded Data
Argentine Republic I ar_argentina_rep_1 1816 CE 1983 CE