Seshat

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[50,000 to 60,000] people	350 CE 599 CE
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Polity Territory	[600,000 to 700,000] km²	350 CE 599 CE
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Polity Population	[500,000 to 600,000] people	350 CE 599 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	4	350 CE 599 CE
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Religious Level	[3 to 5]	350 CE 599 CE
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Military Level	5	350 CE 599 CE
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Administrative Level	[4 to 5]	350 CE 599 CE
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Professions Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Unknown Suspected	350 CE 599 CE
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Source Of Support	land	350 CE 599 CE
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Occupational Complexity	Uncoded Undecided	350 CE 599 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Law Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Judge	Unknown Suspected	350 CE 599 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Court	Unknown Suspected	350 CE 599 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Food Storage Site	Present Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Absent Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Communal Building	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Utilitarian Public Building	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Symbolic Building	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Knowledge Or Information Building	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Entertainment Building	Unknown Suspected	350 CE 599 CE
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Special Purpose House	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Port	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Canal	Unknown Suspected	350 CE 599 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Trading Emporia	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Special Purpose Site	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Burial Site	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Information / Writing System Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Script	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Sacred Text	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Practical Literature	Present Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Philosophy	Uncoded Undecided	350 CE 599 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Uncoded Undecided	350 CE 599 CE
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History	Present Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Fiction	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Calendar	Present Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Information / Money Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Unknown Suspected	350 CE 599 CE
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Precious Metal	Present Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Paper Currency	Absent	350 CE 599 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Foreign Coin	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Article	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Store Of Wealth	Present Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Debt And Credit Structure	Uncoded Undecided	350 CE 599 CE
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Information / Postal System Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Unknown Suspected	350 CE 599 CE
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General Postal Service	Unknown Suspected	350 CE 599 CE
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Courier	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Fastest Individual Communication	8	350 CE 599 CE
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Information / Measurement System Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Weight Measurement System	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Volume Measurement System	Present Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Time Measurement System	Present Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Length Measurement System	Present Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Geometrical Measurement System	Present Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Area Measurement System	Present Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Religion Variables

Religious Demography Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Theological Syncretism of Different Religions	Present Disputed	350 CE 599 CE
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Theological Syncretism of Different Religions	Absent Disputed	350 CE 599 CE
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Syncretism of Religious Practices at the Level of Individual Believers	Present Inferred	300 CE 500 CE
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Syncretism of Religious Practices at the Level of Individual Believers	Absent Inferred	501 CE 599 CE
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Widespread Religion	1. Most widespread: Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity (Over half of the population)	501 CE 599 CE
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Widespread Religion	1. Most widespread: Ethiopian Religion (Over half of the population)	300 CE 500 CE
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Widespread Religion	2. Second most widespread: Ethiopian Religion (Sizeable minority)	501 CE 599 CE
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Widespread Religion	2. Second most widespread: Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity (Very small minority)	300 CE 500 CE
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Widespread Religion	3. Third most widespread: Judaism (Very small minority)	350 CE 599 CE
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Official Religion	Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity	350 CE 599 CE
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Elites Religion	Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity	350 CE 599 CE
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Human Sacrifice Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Religious Tolerance Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Taxes Based on Religious Adherence or on Religious Activities and Institutions	Absent Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Frequency of Societal Violence Against Religious Groups	very rarely Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Societal Discrimination Against Religious Groups Taking up Certain Occupations or Functions	Absent Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Frequency of Governmental Violence Against Religious Groups	very rarely Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Government Restrictions on Religious Education	Absent Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Government Restrictions on Public Worship	Absent Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Government Restrictions on Public Proselytizing	Absent Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Government Restrictions on Property Ownership for Adherents of Any Religious Group	Absent Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Government Restrictions on Conversion	Absent Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Government Restrictions on Construction of Religious Buildings	Absent Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Government Restrictions on Circulation of Religious Literature	Absent Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Societal Pressure to Convert or Against Conversion	Absent Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Government Pressure to Convert	Present	350 CE 599 CE
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Governmental Obligations for Religious Groups to Apply for Official Recognition	Absent Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Government Discrimination Against Religious Groups Taking up Certain Occupations or Functions	Absent Inferred	350 CE 599 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Axum II (et_aksum_emp_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Axum II

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