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307 CE 337 CE in Roman Empire - Dominate: Constantine I, the Great (Licinius (308-324) Maximinus II (310-313) Valerius Valens (316-317) Martinian (324-324) Constantius II (337-361) Constans (337-350) Constantine II (337-40) Magnentius (350-353) OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1595 CE 1603 CE in Ottoman Empire II: Mehmed III Ahmed I OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1108 CE 1137 CE in French Kingdom - Late Capetian: Louis VI Louis VII, the Younger OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1982 CE 1989 CE in Republic of Turkey: Kenan Evren Turgut Özal OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

494 CE 497 CE in Kansai - Kofun Period: Seinei Kenzō OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1413 CE 1414 CE in Golden Horde: Kebek Jabbār Berdi OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1427 CE 1440 CE in Aztec Empire: Itzcoatl Moctezuma I OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

and 2389 more... coded for 195 Polities

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

167

cases

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

PD Population Decline

PC Population Collapse

EP Epidemic

DM Elite Downward Mobility

EX Elite Extermination

UP Uprising

RV Revolution

SR Successful Revolution

CW Civil War

C+ Lasted a Century +

FR Fragmentation

CL Capital Loss

EC External Conquest

RA Ruler Assassination

RD Ruler Depose

CC Constitution Change

LC Labor Change

UL Unfree Labor Change

SF Suffrage

PG Public Goods Change

RC Religion Change

1917 CE 1923 CE in Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II: Russian Revolution: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV SR CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1200 BCE 1150 BCE in Phoenician Empire: Late Bronze Age Collapse: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

225 CE 250 CE in Kushan Empire: Disintegration of Kushan Empire: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1728 CE 1805 CE in Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty: Fragmentation of Qasimid state: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1819 CE 1820 CE in Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period: Contact Period: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

904 CE 1003 CE in Saffarid Caliphate: Civil War and downfall of Saffarids: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1280 CE 1322 CE in Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I: Mongol invasions and rebellions in Mamluk Egypt: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1261 CE 1262 CE in Icelandic Commonwealth: Norweigan Conquest of Iceland and the end of the Commonwealth: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

and 159 more... coded for 152 Polities

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

1890

cases

May 1, 1917 lynching (extralegal) in Tennessee (TN), Memphis: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Sept. 1, 1988 riot (prison) in Idaho (ID), Boise: 1 was killed. Source(s): The New York Times

Aug. 1, 1919 lynching (race) in Georgia (GA): 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Sept. 1, 1885 riot (ethnic) in Wyoming (WY), Rock Springs: 51 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

March 1, 1834 riot (labor) in Louisiana (LA), New Orleans: 5 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Nov. 1, 1934 riot (political) in Pennsylvania (PA), Kelayres: 5 were killed. Source(s): Hartford Daily Courant Or The Hartford Courant

Aug. 1, 1882 lynching (race) in Alabama (AL), Butler, Choctaw: 2 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

July 1, 1854 riot (ethnic) in Pennsylvania (PA), Philadelphia: 3 were killed. Source(s): Hartford Daily Courant Or The Hartford Courant

and 1882 more...

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Seshat

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by: tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods