Objects

and 39 more... in 10 Macro Regions.

830 Polities

Sui Dynasty (in: North China) 581 CE 618 CE

Konya Plain - Early Neolithic (in: Anatolia-Caucasus) 9600 BCE 7000 BCE

Tang Dynasty II (in: North China) 763 CE 907 CE

Proto-Yoruba (in: West Africa) 301 CE 649 CE

Kassite Babylonia (in: Mesopotamia) 1595 BCE 1150 BCE

Chuuk - Early Truk (in: Polynesia) 1775 CE 1886 CE

Ayutthaya (in: Mainland) 1593 CE 1767 CE

Shaybanid Kingdom (in: Turkestan) 1500 CE 1598 CE

and 822 more... in 47 Seshat Regions.

Seshat

General Variables

26

variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

8829

datapoints

Alternative Name (Identity and Location)

Polity Peak Years (Temporal Bounds)

Polity Capital (Identity and Location)

Polity Language (Language)

Polity Religion (Religion)

Degree of Centralization (Temporal Bounds)

Succeeding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

Relationship to Preceding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

and 18 more... for 525 Polities

Social Complexity Variables

77

variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

20458

datapoints

Polity Territory (Social Scale)

Polity Population (Social Scale)

Settlement Hierarchy (Hierarchical Complexity)

Irrigation System (Specialized Buildings: polity owned)

Merit Promotion (Bureaucracy Characteristics)

Formal Legal Code (Law)

Road (Transport Infrastructure)

Postal Station (Information / Postal System)

and 69 more... for 506 Polities

Warfare Variables

49

variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

17527

datapoints

Bronze (Military use of Metals)

Javelin (Projectiles)

Battle Axe (Handheld Weapons)

Sword (Handheld Weapons)

Horse (Animals used in warfare)

Small Vessels (canoes, etc) (Naval technology)

Shield (Armor)

Wooden Palisade (Fortifications)

and 41 more... for 373 Polities

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

357

datapoints

was Absent: 1581 CE 1689 CE in Late Mongols

was Absent: 1193 CE 1206 CE in Ghur Principality

was Present: 1702 CE 1895 CE in Ashanti Empire

was Present: 2016 BCE 1721 BCE in Egypt - Middle Kingdom

was Absent: 145 BCE 96 BCE in Indo-Greek Kingdom

was Absent: 1516 CE 1700 CE in Spanish Empire I

was Absent: 378 CE 525 CE in Himyar II

was Absent: 716 BCE 510 BCE in Roman Kingdom

and 349 more... coded for 323 Polities

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

OT Overturn

PA Predecessor Assassination

IE Intra-Elite

MR Military Revolt

PU Popular Uprising

SR Separatist Rebellion

EV External Invasion

EF External Inteference

3093

transitions

749 CE 756 CE in Lombard Kingdom: Ratchis Aistulf OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1813 CE 1819 CE in Kingdom of Waalo: Kuuly Mlaba Amar Faatim Borso OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

450 CE 457 CE in East Roman Empire: Marcian Leo I, the Thracian OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1745 CE 1750 CE in Zungharian Empire: Tsewang Dorji Namjal Lama Dorji OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

800 CE 846 CE in Late Pallava Empire: Dantivarman Nandivarman III PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1810 CE 1817 CE in Kingdom of Saloum: Ndéné Niakhana Ndiaye Biram Khourédia Mbodj Ndiaye OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

886 CE 912 CE in Byzantine Empire II: Leo VI, the Wise Alexander OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

- in Nanda Dynasty: Dhana Chandragupta Maurya - end of polity OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

and 3085 more... coded for 241 Polities

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

169

cases

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

PD Population Decline

PC Population Collapse

EP Epidemic

DM Elite Downward Mobility

EX Elite Extermination

UP Uprising

RV Revolution

SR Successful Revolution

CW Civil War

C+ Lasted a Century +

FR Fragmentation

CL Capital Loss

EC External Conquest

RA Ruler Assassination

RD Ruler Depose

CC Constitution Change

LC Labor Change

UL Unfree Labor Change

SF Suffrage

PG Public Goods Change

RC Religion Change

1261 CE 1262 CE in Icelandic Commonwealth: Norweigan Conquest of Iceland and the end of the Commonwealth: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1200 BCE 1150 BCE in Phoenician Empire: Late Bronze Age Collapse: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1819 CE 1820 CE in Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period: Contact Period: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1221 CE 1232 CE in Kamakura Shogunate: Jōkyū Civil War: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

339 BCE 200 BCE in Third Scythian Kingdom: Downfall of the Scythians: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

455 CE 476 CE in Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity: Collapse of Western Empire: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1524 CE 1589 CE in Safavid Empire: Sixteenth-century crisis in the Safavid Empire: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1350 CE 1450 CE in Hohokam Culture: Hohokam collapse: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV SR CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

and 161 more... coded for 153 Polities

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

1903

cases

July 1, 1996 terrorism (political) in Georgia (GA), Atlanta: 2 were killed. Source(s): SPLC: Southern Poverty Law Center

Dec. 1, 1853 riot (ethnic) in Ohio (OH), Cincinnati: 1 was killed. Source(s): Hartford Daily Courant Or The Hartford Courant

May 1, 1980 riot (unknown (?)) in Maine (ME), Brunswick: 1 was killed. Source(s): Hartford Daily Courant Or The Hartford Courant

July 1, 1835 lynching (race) in Mississippi (MS), Hinds: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Dec. 1, 1875 riot (labor) in Pennsylvania (PA), Wiggins' Patch ,PA: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

March 25, 2006 terrorism () in Washington (WA), Seattle: 6 were killed. Source(s): MKADB: (Mass Killings in America 2006 - present) Data from the AP-USA

Oct. 1, 1874 riot (ethnic) in Pennsylvania (PA), Mahanoy City: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Jan. 1, 1868 riot (section) in Tennessee (TN), Fayetteville, Lincoln: 2 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

and 1895 more...

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

47

Seshat Regions

830

Polities

Seshat

General Variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

Social Complexity Variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

Warfare Variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

Seshat

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by: tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods