Objects

and 39 more... in 10 Macro Regions.

865 Polities

Spanish Empire II (in: Southern Europe) 1716 CE 1814 CE

Chandela Kingdom (in: Central India) 950 CE 1308 CE

Empire of Japan (in: Northeast Asia) 1869 CE 1945 CE

Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty (in: North India) 730 CE 1030 CE

Mauretania (in: Sahel) 125 BCE 44 CE

La Tene C2-D (in: Western Europe) 175 BCE 27 BCE

Initial Formative Basin of Mexico (in: Mexico) 2000 BCE 1201 BCE

Visigothic Kingdom (in: Southern Europe) 418 CE 711 CE

and 857 more... in 47 Seshat Regions.

Seshat

General Variables

26

variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

8861

datapoints

Alternative Name (Identity and Location)

Polity Peak Years (Temporal Bounds)

Polity Capital (Identity and Location)

Polity Language (Language)

Polity Religion (Religion)

Degree of Centralization (Temporal Bounds)

Succeeding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

Relationship to Preceding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

and 18 more... for 532 Polities

Social Complexity Variables

77

variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

20691

datapoints

Polity Territory (Social Scale)

Polity Population (Social Scale)

Settlement Hierarchy (Hierarchical Complexity)

Irrigation System (Specialized Buildings: polity owned)

Merit Promotion (Bureaucracy Characteristics)

Formal Legal Code (Law)

Road (Transport Infrastructure)

Postal Station (Information / Postal System)

and 69 more... for 510 Polities

Warfare Variables

49

variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

17533

datapoints

Bronze (Military use of Metals)

Javelin (Projectiles)

Battle Axe (Handheld Weapons)

Sword (Handheld Weapons)

Horse (Animals used in warfare)

Small Vessels (canoes, etc) (Naval technology)

Shield (Armor)

Wooden Palisade (Fortifications)

and 41 more... for 375 Polities

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

357

datapoints

was Unknown: 5700 BCE 5101 BCE in Susiana B

was Present: 1180 BCE 901 BCE in Neo-Hittite Kingdoms

was Absent: 1198 CE 1308 CE in Papal States - High Medieval Period

was Unknown: 900 CE 999 CE in Jenne-jeno IV

was Absent: 1800 BCE 1401 BCE in Andronovo

was Present: 300 BCE 249 CE in Kansai - Yayoi Period

was Absent: 1 CE 199 CE in Cuzco - Late Formative

was Absent: 802 CE 1100 CE in Early Angkor

and 349 more... coded for 323 Polities

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

OT Overturn

PA Predecessor Assassination

IE Intra-Elite

MR Military Revolt

PU Popular Uprising

SR Separatist Rebellion

EV External Invasion

EF External Inteference

3449

transitions

1719 CE in Kingdom of Baol: Mali Kumba Dyaring Ma-Kodu Kumba

1830 CE 1832 CE in Early United Mexican States: Anastasio Bustamante Manuel Gómez Pedraza OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

2168 BCE 2154 BCE in Akkadian Empire: Shu-turul Gutian dynasty OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1242 CE 1246 CE in Chagatai Khanate: Qara Hülëgü Yesü Möngke OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1677 CE 1703 CE in Mataram Sultanate: Susuhunan Amangkurat II Susuhunan Amangkurat III OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1756 CE 1757 CE in Nawabs of Bengal: Siraj ud-Daulah None OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1819 CE in Imamate of Futa Toro: Interregnum Biran

1621 CE 1665 CE in Spanish Empire I: Philip IV Charles II OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

and 3441 more... coded for 259 Polities

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

169

cases

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

PD Population Decline

PC Population Collapse

EP Epidemic

DM Elite Downward Mobility

EX Elite Extermination

UP Uprising

RV Revolution

SR Successful Revolution

CW Civil War

C+ Lasted a Century +

FR Fragmentation

CL Capital Loss

EC External Conquest

RA Ruler Assassination

RD Ruler Depose

CC Constitution Change

LC Labor Change

UL Unfree Labor Change

SF Suffrage

PG Public Goods Change

RC Religion Change

1200 BCE 1150 BCE in Phoenician Empire: Late Bronze Age Collapse: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

901 CE 907 CE in Tang Dynasty II: Fall of the Tang Dynasty: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1550 CE 1590 CE in Hawaii II: Dynastic Crisis: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

779 CE 840 CE in Uigur Khaganate: Decline of Uighur Khaganate: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1794 CE in Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late: Iroquois Civil War: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1838 CE 1858 CE in Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial: Colonial occupation of Sarawak by the Brooke family ("White Rajahs"): PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1387 CE 1390 CE in Mali Empire: Elite Internal Struggles, decline of Mali's power, rise of Songhai: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

157 BCE 63 BCE in Seleucids: Seleucid Dynastic Wars: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

and 161 more... coded for 153 Polities

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

1903

cases

March 1, 1918 lynching (race) in Georgia (GA), Crawfordville: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Oct. 1, 1841 lynching (extralegal) in Texas (TX), Shelbyville: 2 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Oct. 1, 1883 riot (political) in Mississippi (MS), Copiah: 2 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

July 23, 1977 terrorism () in Oregon (OR), Klamath Falls: 6 were killed. Source(s): TVPDB: The Violence Project database of mass shootings in the United States (Version 7)

Aug. 1, 2006 terrorism () in New York (NY), New York City: 1 was killed. Source(s): The New York Times

Oct. 1, 1867 riot (race) in Maryland (MD), Baltimore: 1 was killed. Source(s): Hartford Daily Courant Or The Hartford Courant

May 1, 1871 riot (labor) in Pennsylvania (PA), Hampton: 1 was killed. Source(s): Hartford Daily Courant Or The Hartford Courant

Dec. 1, 2010 terrorism (political) in Florida (FL), Panama City: 1 was killed. Source(s): The New York Times

and 1895 more...

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

47

Seshat Regions

865

Polities

Seshat

General Variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

Social Complexity Variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

Warfare Variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

Seshat

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by: tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods