Home Region: Southern Europe (Europe)

Spanish Empire I

1516 CE 1715 CE

D G SC WF R CC

EQ 2020 es_spanish_emp_1 / EsHabsb

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

[continuity; Crown of Castile and Aragon] [continuity] Update here

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

1716 CE 1814 CE Spanish Empire II (es_spanish_emp_2) [continuity]

1648 CE 1795 CE Dutch Empire (nl_dutch_emp_1) [None]

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General Description

The Habsburg Dynasty came together as Ferdinand II united the Kingdoms of Aragon and Castile under his rule. When he died in 1516 CE, his grandson Charles I—son of the Aragon Queen Joanna and the Habsburg Philip, a Prince in the Holy Roman Empire—became the first crowned King of All Spain.
The Spanish Habsburg empire held territory in northern Europe, Italy, the Mediterranean, the Americas, Africa, India, and the Orient. “Yet Spain itself was rather unpromising material for greatness; the land was barren, the economy backward and the peninsula was politically fragmented.” ^[1]
The Austrian Habsburg family inherited the Valois duchy of Burgundy (present day Holland, Belgium, Luxemburg, and part of Burgundy) and the crowns of Aragon (including Balearics, Sardinia, Naples, and Sicily) and Castile (including Navarre, and the Americas- Mexico and Peru). This territory was inherited by Charles Habsburg (Charles V, 1519-56). When Charles V abdicated in 1555-56 he spilt the territory between his brother and his son (Austrian and Spanish branches of the Habsburgs), thus expanding the Spanish Habsburg Empire even further by 1556. ^[1]
Spain’s territorial conquests brought in a wealth of gold and other resources from around the world. This boom led to a rapid growth in urbanization and marketization, as several Spanish cities became major hubs of production for manufactured goods (metal products and textiles especially). ^[2]
By 1550 the Habsburg Empire had a population of 29 million across the world, including 9 million native people in the lands they had colonised.

[1]: (Darby 2014, preview). Darby, Graham. 2014. Spain in the seventeenth century. New York: Routledge. https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/3XIHTNCH

[2]: Pocket World History in Figures

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

3 Capital

2 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

Political and Cultural Relations

3 Suprapolity Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

3 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

2 Language

Religion

1 Religious Tradition

1 Religion Family

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

2 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

2 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

4 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions

12 Power Transition

Instability Events

63 Instability Event

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1) was in:
(1521 CE 1532 CE)	Valley of Oaxaca
(1532 CE 1700 CE)	Valley of Oaxaca / Cuzco

Home NGA: Cuzco

General Variables

Identity and Location Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	30 N	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Original Name	Spanish Empire	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Capital	Madrid	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Capital	Valladolid	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Capital	Madrid	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Alternative Name	Spanish Empire	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Alternative Name	Habsburg Empire	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Temporal Bounds Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	[1556 CE ➜ 1598 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	es_spanish_emp_1 personal union with at_habsburg_1	1519 CE 1556 CE
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Suprapolity Relations	it_papal_state_3 alliance with es_spanish_emp_1	1559 CE 1610 CE
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Suprapolity Relations	ec_shuar_1 vassalage to es_spanish_emp_1	1534 CE 1830 CE
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Succeeding Entity	House of Bourbon-Spain	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Preceding Entity	continuity; Crown of Castile and Aragon [continuity] Update here
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Succeeding Entity 1716 CE 1814 CE	Spanish Empire II (es_spanish_emp_2) [continuity]
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Succeeding Entity 1648 CE 1795 CE	Dutch Empire (nl_dutch_emp_1) [None]
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Degree of Centralization	confederated state	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Language Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Indo-European	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Language	Castilian Spanish	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Language	Castilian Spanish	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Religion Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religious Tradition	Christianity	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Religion Family	Catholic	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	224,000 people	1600 CE
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Polity Territory	7,100,000 km²	1640 CE
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Polity Population	29,000,000 people	1550 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	7	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Religious Level	10	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Military Level	13	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Administrative Level	6	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Professions Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Merit Promotion	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Examination System	Absent Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Law Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Judge	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Court	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Food Storage Site	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Port	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Canal	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Bridge	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Information / Writing System Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Script	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Sacred Text	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Practical Literature	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Philosophy	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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History	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Fiction	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Calendar	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Information / Money Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Uncoded Undecided	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Precious Metal	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Paper Currency	Absent	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Foreign Coin	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Article	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Information / Postal System Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Present Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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General Postal Service	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Courier	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Information / Measurement System Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Present Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Modern Fortification	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Moat	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Fortified Camp	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Earth Rampart	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Ditch	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Complex Fortification	Absent Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Long Wall	absent	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Military use of Metals Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Iron	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Copper	Present Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Bronze	Present Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Projectiles Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Absent Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Sling	Present Uncertain	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Sling	Absent Uncertain	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Self Bow	Present Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Javelin	Present Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Crossbow	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Composite Bow	Absent Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Atlatl	Present Uncertain	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Atlatl	Absent Uncertain	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Handheld weapons Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Sword	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Spear	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Polearm	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Dagger	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Battle Axe	Present Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Animals used in warfare Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Elephant	Absent Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Donkey	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Dog	Unknown Suspected	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Camel	Absent Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Armor Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Shield	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Scaled Armor	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Plate Armor	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Limb Protection	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Leather Cloth	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Laminar Armor	Absent Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Helmet	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Chainmail	Absent Inferred	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Breastplate	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Naval technology Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Unknown Suspected	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	1516 CE 1715 CE
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Human Sacrifice Spanish Empire I (es_spanish_emp_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More