Home Region:  Amazonia (South America and Caribbean)

Shuar - Colonial

1534 CE 1830 CE
D G SC WF RG CC EQ 2020  ec_shuar_1 / EcJivaE
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
[elite migration; Shuar Tribes] [elite replacement]   Update here

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.
1831 CE 1931 CE Shuar - Ecuadorian (ec_shuar_2)    [continuity]


  General Description   The forested foothills of the Andes, near the border between Ecuador and Peru, have long been inhabited by the Shuar, subsistence horticulturalists living in autonomous residential hamlets. There are many Shuar groups, but here we focus specifically on the Ecuadorian group commonly known simply as ’Shuar’. Europeans - specifically, Spaniards - first encountered the Shuar in the 16th century and soon imposed tributes, which the Shuar paid, in increasing amounts, until they rebelled in 1599, driving the Spanish out of the region. Indeed, the Shuar were able to ward off outside interference up until 1930, just as they were able to avoid being subjugated by the Inca. In 1930, Catholic missionaries persuaded the Ecuadorian government to provide a reservation for the Shuar. [1]
Population and political organization
Authority among the Shuar was mostly informal and local, and resided in men referred to as unyä (’big’ or ’old’ men) or kakaram (’powerful ones’). These were usually renowned warriors or shamans, but they in fact acquired their reputation by being old enough to have grandchildren, as well as through their friendliness, honesty and generosity in dealing with others. The unyä or kakaram were believed to be able to curse to death anyone who angered them. [1]
The scholarly literature does not provide population estimates, even for the more recent period. Indeed, writing in the 1920s, the ethnographer Fritz W. Up de Graff declared that obtaining accurate statistics relating to the Shuar was an ’impossible task’ due to their migratory habits and commitment to concealing their true numbers from potential enemies. [2]

[1]: (Beierle 2006) Beierle, John. 2006. “Culture Summary: Jivaro.” eHRAF World Cultures. http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=sd09-000. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/NDIQCQZP.

[2]: (Up de Graff 1923, 192-93) Up de Graff, Fritz W. 1923. Head Hunters of the Amazon: Seven Years of Exploration and Adventure. London: H. Jenkins. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/XD3S3HVP.

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Mines or Quarry
Present 1534 CE 1599 CE
Absent 1600 CE 1830 CE
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1) was in:
 (1534 CE 1830 CE)   Lowland Andes
Home NGA: Lowland Andes
General Variables
Identity and Location Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 18 M Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Original Name Shuar - Early Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Capital Quito Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Shuar Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Mayna Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Gíbari Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Givari Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Gívaro Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Híbaro Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Chívari Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Chiwaro Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Achuara Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Aguaruna Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Huambisa Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Jibaro Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Jívara Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Jívira Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Síwaro Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Xívari Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Xivaro Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Alternative Name Zíbaro Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Temporal Bounds Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Duration [1534 CE ➜ 1830 CE] Confident
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Political and Cultural Relations Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Suprapolity Relations none Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Suprapolity Relations ec_shuar_1 vassalage to es_spanish_emp_1 Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Supracultural Entity Amazonia Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Succeeding Entity Shuar - Ecuadorian Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Scale of Supracultural Interaction 5,500,000 km2 Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity elite migration Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Preceding Entity
CE
elite migration; Shuar Tribes [elite replacement]    Update here
Confident
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Succeeding Entity
1831 CE 1931 CE
Shuar - Ecuadorian (ec_shuar_2)   [continuity]  Confident
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Degree of Centralization nominal Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Degree of Centralization quasi-polity Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Language Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Chicham Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Language Shuar Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Religion Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement 300 people Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Polity Territory 16 km2 Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Polity Population 300 people Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Largest Communication Distance - Undecided 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy 1 Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Religious Level 2 Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Military Level 3 Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Administrative Level [1 to 2] Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Professions Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Professional Priesthood Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Professional Military Officer Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Merit Promotion Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Examination System Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Law Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Lawyer Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Judge Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
Court Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Market Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Irrigation System Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Food Storage Site Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Road Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Port Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Canal Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Bridge Present Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Mines or Quarry Present Confident 1534 CE 1599 CE
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Mines or Quarry Absent Confident 1600 CE 1830 CE
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Information / Writing System Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Script Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Nonwritten Record Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Mnemonic Device Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Sacred Text Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Religious Literature Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Practical Literature Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Philosophy Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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History Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Fiction Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Calendar Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Information / Money Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Token Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Precious Metal Present Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Paper Currency Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Indigenous Coin Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Foreign Coin Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Article Present Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Information / Postal System Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Postal Station Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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General Postal Service Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Courier Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Fastest Individual Communication - Undecided 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Information / Measurement System Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Weight Measurement System Uncoded Undecided 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Volume Measurement System Uncoded Undecided 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Length Measurement System Uncoded Undecided 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Area Measurement System Uncoded Undecided 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Present Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared Present Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position Present Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Modern Fortification Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Moat Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Fortified Camp Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Earth Rampart Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Ditch Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Complex Fortification Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Long Wall absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Military use of Metals Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Steel Absent Inferred 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Iron Absent Inferred 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Copper Present Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Bronze Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Projectiles Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Sling Siege Engine Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Sling Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Self Bow Present Confident 1534 CE 1675 CE
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Self Bow Absent Confident 1676 CE 1830 CE
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Javelin Present Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Handheld Firearm Absent Inferred 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Crossbow Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Composite Bow Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Atlatl Present Confident 1534 CE 1675 CE
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Atlatl Absent Confident 1676 CE 1830 CE
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Handheld weapons Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
War Club Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Sword Present Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Spear Present Inferred 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Polearm Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Dagger Absent Inferred 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Battle Axe Present Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Animals used in warfare Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Horse Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Elephant Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Donkey Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Dog Present Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Camel Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Armor Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc Present Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Shield Present Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Scaled Armor Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Plate Armor Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Limb Protection Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Leather Cloth Present Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Laminar Armor Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Helmet Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Chainmail Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Breastplate Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Naval technology Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Military Vessel Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc Present Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain Absent Confident 1534 CE  1830 CE
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Human Sacrifice Shuar - Colonial (ec_shuar_1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
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Instability Data
Power Transitions
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