Section: Social Complexity
Subsection: Postal sytems

Postal Station

Talking about postal sytems, postal stations are specialized buildings exclusively devoted to the postal service. if there is a special building that has other functions than a postal station, we still code postal station as present. the intent is to capture additional infrastructure beyond having a corps of messengers.  
Contributors: Jenny, Majid, Peter

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition
postal_station The absence or presence of postal station for a polity.

# Polity   Year(s)   Postal Station   Confidence     Disputed?     Expert?   Edit
1
Spanish Empire II
1716 CE 1814 CE
present
Confident No Edit
2
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
1867 CE 1918 CE
present
Confident No Edit
3
Soviet Union
1923 CE 1991 CE
present
Confident No Edit
4
Elymais II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
5
Jin Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
6
Great Ming
-
present
Confident No Edit
7
Northern Song
-
present
Confident No Edit
8
Sui Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
9
Carolingian Empire I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
10
Qatabanian Commonwealth
-
present
Inferred No Edit
11
Magadha - Sunga Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
12
Iban - Pre-Brooke
-
absent
Confident No Edit
13
Majapahit Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
14
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
15
Yemen Ziyad Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
16
Kingdom of Ayodhya
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
17
Andronovo
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
18
Buyid Confederation
-
present
Confident No Edit
19
Gupta Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
20
Papal States - Medieval Period II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
21
Early Roman Republic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
22
Republic of Venice IV
-
present
Inferred No Edit
23
Magadha
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
24
Post-Mauryan Kingdoms
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
25
Kannauj - Varman Dynasty
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
26
Satavahana Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
27
Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
28
Vakataka Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
29
Gahadavala Dynasty
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
30
Hawaii I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
31
Hawaii II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
32
Kushan Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
33
Kadamba Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
34
Ghur Principality
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
35
Hmong - Early Chinese
-
present
Confident No Edit
36
Early Mongols
-
absent
Confident No Edit
37
Chalukyas of Badami
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
38
Late Mongols
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
39
Rashtrakuta Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
40
Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
41
Hmong - Late Qing
-
absent
Confident No Edit
42
Early Qing
-
present
Confident No Edit
43
Tang Dynasty II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
44
Proto-French Kingdom
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
45
Chalukyas of Kalyani
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
46
Neguanje
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
47
Badarian
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
48
Egypt - Dynasty I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
49
Egypt - Dynasty II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
50
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
51
Naqada I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
52
Naqada II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
53
Egypt - Dynasty 0
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
54
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
55
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
56
Egypt - Period of the Regions
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
57
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
58
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
59
Axum I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
60
Chuuk - Early Truk
-
absent
Confident No Edit
61
Beaker Culture
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
62
Carolingian Empire II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
63
Hallstatt A-B1
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
64
Hallstatt B2-3
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
65
Hallstatt C
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
66
Hallstatt D
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
67
Early Merovingian
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
68
Proto-Carolingian
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
69
Middle Merovingian
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
70
La Tene A-B1
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
71
La Tene B2-C1
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
72
La Tene C2-D
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
73
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
-
absent
Confident No Edit
74
Archaic Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
75
Classical Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
76
The Emirate of Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
77
Final Postpalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
78
Geometric Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
79
Hellenistic Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
80
Monopalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
81
Neolithic Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
82
New Palace Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
83
Old Palace Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
84
Postpalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
85
Prepalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
86
Early United Mexican States
-
present
Inferred No Edit
87
Yangshao
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
88
Shuar - Ecuadorian
-
absent
Confident No Edit
89
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
-
present
Confident No Edit
90
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
-
present
Confident No Edit
91
Egypt - Saite Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
92
Atlantic Complex
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
93
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
-
present
Confident No Edit
94
Mataram Sultanate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
95
Medang Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
96
Canaan
-
unknown
Confident No Edit
97
Yehuda
-
unknown
Confident No Edit
98
Yisrael
-
unknown
Confident No Edit
99
Deccan - Iron Age
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
100
Deccan - Neolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
101
Abbasid Caliphate II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
102
Early Dynastic
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
103
Ubaid
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
104
Uruk
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
105
Formative Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
106
Susiana B
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
107
Susiana - Late Ubaid
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
108
Susiana - Early Ubaid
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
109
Elam - Kidinuid Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
110
Elam I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
111
Elam II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
112
Pre-Ceramic Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
113
Qajar
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
114
Susa I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
115
Latium - Bronze Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
116
Latium - Copper Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
117
Ostrogothic Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
118
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
119
Papal States - High Medieval Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
120
Papal States - Renaissance Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
121
Exarchate of Ravenna
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
122
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity
-
present
Confident No Edit
123
Republic of St Peter I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
124
Japan - Incipient Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
125
Japan - Initial Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
126
Japan - Early Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
127
Japan - Middle Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
128
Japan - Late Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
129
Japan - Final Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
130
Kansai - Yayoi Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
131
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
132
Mahajanapada era
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
133
Akkadian Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
134
Ur - Dynasty III
-
present
Confident No Edit
135
Ak Koyunlu
-
present
Inferred No Edit
136
Parthian Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
137
Seleucids
-
present
Confident No Edit
138
Icelandic Commonwealth
-
absent
Confident No Edit
139
Papal States - Medieval Period I
-
present
Confident No Edit
140
Middle Roman Republic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
141
Asuka
-
present
Confident No Edit
142
Kamakura Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
143
Tokugawa Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
144
Kara-Khanids
-
present
Inferred No Edit
145
Chenla
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
146
Phoenician Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
147
Saadi Sultanate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
148
Jenne-jeno I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
149
Jenne-jeno II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
150
Jenne-jeno III
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
151
Jenne-jeno IV
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
152
Eastern Turk Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
153
Rouran Khaganate
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
154
Second Turk Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
155
Uigur Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
156
Early Xiongnu
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
157
Late Xiongnu
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
158
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
159
Later Wagadu Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
160
Middle Wagadu Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
161
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
162
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
163
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
164
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
165
Cuzco - Late Formative
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
166
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
167
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
168
Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
169
Egypt - Kushite Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
170
Sarazm
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
171
Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
172
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
173
Late Cappadocia
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
174
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
175
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
176
East Roman Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
177
Hatti - Old Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
178
Kingdom of Lydia
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
179
Konya Plain - Early Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
180
Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling
-
absent
Confident No Edit
181
Cahokia - Moorehead
-
absent
Confident No Edit
182
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
183
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
184
Cahokia - Early Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
185
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
186
Cahokia - Late Woodland II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
187
Cahokia - Middle Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
188
Cahokia - Late Woodland III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
189
Mongol Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
190
Xianbei Confederation
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
191
Monte Alban II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
192
Early Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
193
Kingdom of Norway II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
194
Orokaiva - Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
195
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
196
Kachi Plain - Urban Period I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
197
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
198
Sakha - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
199
Sakha - Late
-
present
Confident No Edit
200
Byzantine Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
201
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
202
Ottoman Emirate
-
present
Confident No Edit
203
Ottoman Empire III
-
present
Confident No Edit
204
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
-
absent
Confident No Edit
205
Cahokia - Late Woodland I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
206
Cahokia - Sand Prairie
-
absent
Confident No Edit
207
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
208
Koktepe I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
209
Koktepe II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
210
Himyar I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
211
Himyar II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
212
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
213
Durrani Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
214
Eastern Han Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
215
Western Jin
-
present
Confident No Edit
216
Erligang
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
217
Erlitou
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
218
Jin
-
present
Inferred No Edit
219
Longshan
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
220
Northern Wei
-
present
Confident No Edit
221
Late Qing
-
present
Confident No Edit
222
Tang Dynasty I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
223
Early Wei Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
224
Western Han Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
225
Western Zhou
-
present
Inferred No Edit
226
Chagatai Khanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
227
Great Yuan
-
present
Confident No Edit
228
Shuar - Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
229
Ayyubid Sultanate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
230
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
231
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I
-
present
Confident No Edit
232
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II
-
present
Confident No Edit
233
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
234
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
235
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
-
present
Confident No Edit
236
Ashikaga Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
237
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
238
Spanish Empire I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
239
Chuuk - Late Truk
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
240
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
-
present
Confident No Edit
241
French Kingdom - Late Valois
-
present
Confident No Edit
242
British Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
243
Ashanti Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
244
Hawaii III
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
245
Delhi Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
246
Early A'chik
-
absent
Confident No Edit
247
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
-
present
Confident No Edit
248
Heian
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
249
Late A'chik
-
present
Confident No Edit
250
Magadha - Maurya Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
251
Mughal Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
252
Abbasid Caliphate I
-
present
Confident No Edit
253
Neo-Assyrian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
254
Achaemenid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
255
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
256
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
257
Ilkhanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
258
Parthian Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
259
Safavid Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
260
Sasanid Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
261
Roman Empire - Dominate
-
present
Confident No Edit
262
Sasanid Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
263
Seljuk Sultanate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
264
Susa II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
265
Latium - Iron Age
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
266
Late Roman Republic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
267
Roman Empire - Principate
-
present
Confident No Edit
268
Roman Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
269
Republic of Venice III
-
present
Confident No Edit
270
Nara Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
271
Classical Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
272
Early Angkor
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
273
Late Angkor
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
274
Khmer Kingdom
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
275
Funan I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
276
Funan II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
277
Khitan I
-
present
Confident No Edit
278
Zungharian Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
279
Early Monte Alban I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
280
Monte Alban Late I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
281
Monte Alban III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
282
Monte Alban IIIB and IV
-
absent
Confident No Edit
283
Monte Alban V
-
absent
Confident No Edit
284
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
285
Oaxaca - Rosario
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
286
Oaxaca - San Jose
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
287
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
288
Inca Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
289
Wari Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
290
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
291
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
292
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
293
Umayyad Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
294
Fatimid Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
295
Fatimid Caliphate
-
absent
Confident No Edit
296
Byzantine Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
297
Byzantine Empire III
-
present
Confident No Edit
298
Ottoman Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
299
Ottoman Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
300
Khanate of Bukhara
-
present
Inferred No Edit
301
Samanid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
302
Timurid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
303
Plantagenet England
-
absent
Confident No Edit
304
Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty
-
absent
Confident No Edit
305
Us Reconstruction-Progressive
-
present
Confident No Edit
306
Antebellum US
-
present
Confident No Edit
307
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
308
Golden Horde
-
present
Confident No Edit
309
British Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
310
Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
311
Napoleonic France
-
present
Confident No Edit
312
Tudor and Early Stuart England
-
A~P
Confident No Edit
313
Hoysala Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
314
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
-
A~P
Confident No Edit
315
Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty
-
absent
Confident No Edit
316
Lombard Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
317
Anglo-Saxon England II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
318
Khwarezmid Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
319
Hohokam Culture
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
320
Saffarid Caliphate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
321
British Empire IIIIIIIIII
-
present
Confident No Edit
322
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
323
Kampili Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
324
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
325
Sind - Samma Dynasty
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
326
Rum Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
327
Vijayanagara Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit