Home Region: Polynesia (Oceania-Australia)

Hawaii III

1580 CE 1778 CE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 us_hawaii_3 / Hawaii3

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

1200 CE 1580 CE Hawaii II (us_hawaii_2) [None]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

1778 CE 1819 CE Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period (us_kamehameha_k) [None]

General Description

Hawai’i, also known as the Big Island, is the largest island of the Hawaiian archipelago. Our ’Hawaii 3’ refers to the period from 1580 to 1778 CE. 1580 is the approximate date of the formation of the first island-wide unitary kingdom, while 1778 is the date of first European contact ‒ the arrival of Captain Cook. ^[1] ^[2]
Population and political organization
By about 1580, ’Umi had become the first true ’king’ (ali’i nui) of the entire Big Island. ^[3] In contrast with the chiefs who came before him, he is said to have exerted greater control over land tenure, instituted a system of territorial administration based on ahupua’a land parcels, intensified food production, and elaborated the religious system. ^[4]
After ’Umi, the island alternated several times between being split into two or more smaller polities, and being united under one ruler. ^[5] In times of greater integration, the kingdom was divided into districts (moku) which were each under the control of a major chief called an ali’i-’ai-moku. ^[6] Within districts were territories called ahupua’a, ruled by chiefs called ali’i-’ai-ahupua’a. The more powerful of these ali’i held more than one ahupua’a. ^[7] Below the ahupua’a chiefs, konohiki land managers (often their junior relatives) oversaw the collection of tribute from the commoner farmers, known as maka’āinana. ^[8]
Overall, this period was characterized by a high-density but stable population settled in all ecological zones, a secondary intensification of the dryland field systems, and endemic conquest warfare. ^[9] The population of the entire Hawaiian archipelago by Cook’s arrival was certainly very large, but there is a long-standing debate regarding exact numbers. Estimates range between 250,000 and 800,000. ^[10]

[1]: (Kirch 2010, 174) Patrick V. Kirch. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

[2]: (Kirch 2000, 300) Patrick V. Kirch. 2000. On the Road of the Winds: An Archaeological History of the Pacific Islands before European Contact. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

[3]: (Kirch 2010, 92, 98) Patrick V. Kirch. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

[4]: (Kirch 2010, 102-03) Patrick V. Kirch. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

[5]: (Kirch 2010, 105-09) Patrick V. Kirch. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

[6]: (Kirch 2010, 48) Patrick V. Kirch. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

[7]: (Kirch 2010, 48)

[8]: (Kirch 2010, 49) Patrick V. Kirch. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

[9]: (Kirch 2010, 127) Patrick V. Kirch. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

[10]: (Kirch 2010, 129-130) Patrick V. Kirch. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

General Variables

Identity and Location

2 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

6 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

2 Polity Succession

6 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

2 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions

8 Power Transition

Instability Events

10 Instability Event

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3) was in:
(1650 CE 1777 CE)	Big Island Hawaii

Home NGA: Big Island Hawaii

General Variables

Identity and Location Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	4 Q Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Utm Zone	5 Q Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Original Name	Hawaii III Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Capital	Kona District Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Alternative Name	Big Island of Hawai'i Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Alternative Name	Island of Hawai'i Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Alternative Name	Hawai'i Island Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Alternative Name	Big Island Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Alternative Name	Owyhee Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Alternative Name	Owhyhee Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Temporal Bounds Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[1580 CE ➜ 1778 CE] Expert
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Political and Cultural Relations Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Succeeding Entity	Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Preceding Entity 1200 CE 1580 CE	Hawaii II (us_hawaii_2) [None] Expert
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Succeeding Entity 1778 CE 1819 CE	Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period (us_kamehameha_k) [None] Expert
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Degree of Centralization	unitary state Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Degree of Centralization	quasi-polity Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Degree of Centralization	loose Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Degree of Centralization	unitary state Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Degree of Centralization	quasi-polity Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Degree of Centralization	unitary state Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Language Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Austronesian Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Language	Hawaiian Expert	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Religion Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Polity Territory	[7,000 to 12,000] km²	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Polity Population	[37,500 to 200,000] people	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	2	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Religious Level	2	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Military Level	[3 to 4]	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Administrative Level	4	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Professions Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Absent Inferred	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Merit Promotion	Absent Inferred	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Transitional (Absent -> Present)	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Examination System	Absent Inferred	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Law Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Absent Inferred	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Judge	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Court	Absent Inferred	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Unknown Suspected	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Food Storage Site	Present Disputed	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Food Storage Site	Absent Disputed	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Unknown Suspected	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Port	Absent Inferred	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Canal	Unknown Suspected	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Bridge	Unknown Suspected	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Unknown Suspected	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Information / Writing System Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Script	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Sacred Text	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Religious Literature	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Practical Literature	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Philosophy	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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History	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Fiction	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Calendar	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Information / Money Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Unknown Suspected	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Precious Metal	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Paper Currency	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Foreign Coin	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Information / Postal System Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Absent Inferred	1580 CE 1778 CE
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General Postal Service	Absent Inferred	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Courier	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Information / Measurement System Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Present Inferred	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Absent Inferred	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Moat	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Fortified Camp	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Earth Rampart	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Ditch	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Complex Fortification	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Long Wall	absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Military use of Metals Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Iron	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Copper	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Bronze	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Projectiles Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Sling	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Self Bow	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Javelin	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Crossbow	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Composite Bow	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Atlatl	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Handheld weapons Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Sword	Absent Inferred	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Spear	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Polearm	Absent Inferred	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Dagger	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Battle Axe	Absent Inferred	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Animals used in warfare Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Elephant	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Donkey	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Dog	Absent Inferred	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Camel	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Armor Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Shield	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Scaled Armor	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Plate Armor	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Limb Protection	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Leather Cloth	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Laminar Armor	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Helmet	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Chainmail	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Breastplate	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Naval technology Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Absent	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Absent Inferred	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	1580 CE 1778 CE
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Human Sacrifice Hawaii III (us_hawaii_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More