Home Region: Polynesia (Oceania-Australia)

Chuuk - Early Truk

1775 CE 1886 CE

D G SC WF R CC

EQ 2020 fm_truk_1 / FmTrukE

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

[continuity; Moen Culture] [continuity] Update here

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

1886 CE 1948 CE Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2) [elite replacement]

General Description

The Chuuk Islands, part of what is today Micronesia, were first settled in the first century CE. ^[1] The name Chuuk, meaning "high mountains", comes from the Chuukese language. ^[2] The islands’ first contact with Europeans came in 1528, when they were sighted by Spanish explorers. ^[2] In the late 19th century, the Chuuk islands became part of Spanish and German, then Japanese colonial regimes. ^[2] . After the Second World War, where the islands were a major site of conflict in the Pacific Theater, the Chuuk islands became part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific under US administration. ^[2] .
Population and political organization
During the pre-colonial period, Chuuk was extremely fragmented politically. Each district had its own chiefship, which was divided between the "oldest man in the senior female line in the chiefly lineage and the oldest man in the lineage generally." ^[3]
During the colonial period, the colonial governments superimposed a colonial administration onto the native system. They appointed head chiefs to lead each of the main Micronesian islands, but the individual communities remained fragmented. ^[4]
The only available population figures refer to the colonial period. In 1947, Chuuk’s population was about 9,200. ^[1]

[1]: (Goodenough and Skoggard, 1999. 1) Goodenough, Ward Hunt, and Ian A. Skoggard. 1999. "Culture Summary: Chuuk." New Haven, Conn.: HRAF. http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=or19-000.

[2]: The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Chuuk Islands." Encyclopædia Britannica. August 09, 2013. Accessed June 22, 2017. https://www.britannica.com/place/Chuuk-Islands.

[3]: Goodenough, Ward and Skoggard 1999) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/5IETI75E.

[4]: (Bollig, 1927. 124) Bollig, Laurentius. 1927. "Inhabitants Of The Truk Islands: Religion, Life And A Short Grammar Of A Micronesian People." Munster I W.: Aschendorff. http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=or19-022.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

2 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

2 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language Genus

1 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

1 Occupational Complexity

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

1 Other Special Purpose Site

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

1 Mnemonic Device

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

1 Fastest Individual Communication

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

1 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events

7 Instability Event

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1) was in:
(1775 CE 1885 CE)	Chuuk Islands

Home NGA: Chuuk Islands

General Variables

Identity and Location Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	56 N	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Original Name	Early Truk	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Capital	None (Absent Capital)	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Alternative Name	Truk	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Alternative Name	Trukese	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Temporal Bounds Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[1775 CE ➜ 1886 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	none	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Supracultural Entity	Micronesia	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Succeeding Entity	FmTrukL	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Preceding Entity	continuity; Moen Culture [continuity] Update here
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Succeeding Entity 1886 CE 1948 CE	Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2) [elite replacement]
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Degree of Centralization	quasi-polity	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Language Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Oceanic-Austronesian	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Language Genus	uncoded Undecided	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Language	Chuukese	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Religion Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[100 to 200] people	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Polity Territory	- Suspected	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Polity Population	- Suspected	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	1	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Religious Level	1	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Military Level	3	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Administrative Level	2	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Professions Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Occupational Complexity	Uncoded Undecided	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Merit Promotion	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Examination System	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Law Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Judge	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Court	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Irrigation System	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Food Storage Site	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Port	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Canal	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Bridge	Present	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Other Special Purpose Site	Uncoded Undecided	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Information / Writing System Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Script	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Mnemonic Device	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Sacred Text	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Religious Literature	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Practical Literature	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Philosophy	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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History	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Fiction	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Calendar	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Information / Money Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Precious Metal	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Paper Currency	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Foreign Coin	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Article	Present	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Information / Postal System Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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General Postal Service	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Courier	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Fastest Individual Communication	- Undecided	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Information / Measurement System Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Unknown Suspected	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Present	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Absent Inferred	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Fortified Camp	Absent Inferred	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Earth Rampart	Unknown Suspected	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Ditch	Unknown Suspected	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Complex Fortification	Absent Inferred	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Long Wall	absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Military use of Metals Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Unknown Suspected	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Iron	Unknown Suspected	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Copper	Absent Inferred	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Bronze	Absent Inferred	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Projectiles Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Sling	Present	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Self Bow	Unknown Suspected	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Javelin	Unknown Suspected	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Crossbow	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Composite Bow	Unknown Suspected	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Atlatl	Unknown Suspected	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Handheld weapons Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Sword	Absent Inferred	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Spear	Present	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Polearm	Absent Inferred	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Dagger	Absent Inferred	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Battle Axe	Absent Inferred	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Animals used in warfare Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Elephant	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Donkey	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Dog	Absent Inferred	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Camel	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Armor Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Unknown Suspected	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Shield	Unknown Suspected	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Scaled Armor	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Plate Armor	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Limb Protection	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Leather Cloth	Absent Inferred	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Laminar Armor	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Helmet	Absent Inferred	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Chainmail	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Breastplate	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Naval technology Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Absent	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present Inferred	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Absent Inferred	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present Inferred	1775 CE 1886 CE
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Human Sacrifice Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More