Home Region: Polynesia (Oceania-Australia)

Chuuk - Late Truk

1886 CE 1948 CE

D G SC WF R CC

EQ 2020 fm_truk_2 / FmTrukL

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

1775 CE 1886 CE Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1) [elite replacement]

Succeeding Entity:

No Polity found. Add one here.

General Description

The Chuuk Islands, part of what is today Micronesia, were first settled in the first century CE. ^[1] The name Chuuk, meaning "high mountains", comes from the Chuukese language. ^[2] The islands’ first contact with Europeans came in 1528, when they were sighted by Spanish explorers. ^[2] In the late 19th century, the Chuuk islands became part of Spanish and German, then Japanese colonial regimes. ^[2] . After the Second World War, where the islands were a major site of conflict in the Pacific Theater, the Chuuk islands became part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific under US administration. ^[2] .
Population and political organization
During the pre-colonial period, Chuuk was extremely fragmented politically. Each district had its own chiefship, which was divided between the "oldest man in the senior female line in the chiefly lineage and the oldest man in the lineage generally." ^[3]
During the colonial period, the colonial governments superimposed a colonial administration onto the native system. They appointed head chiefs to lead each of the main Micronesian islands, but the individual communities remained fragmented. ^[4]
The only available population figures refer to the colonial period. In 1947, Chuuk’s population was about 9,200. ^[1]

[1]: (Goodenough and Skoggard, 1999. 1) Goodenough, Ward Hunt, and Ian A. Skoggard. 1999. "Culture Summary: Chuuk." New Haven, Conn.: HRAF. http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=or19-000.

[2]: (The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica 2013) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/3CNVADQA.

[3]: (Goodenough and Skoggard, 1999. 4) Goodenough, Ward Hunt, and Ian A. Skoggard. 1999. "Culture Summary: Chuuk." New Haven, Conn.: HRAF. http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=or19-000.

[4]: (Bollig, 1927. 124) Bollig, Laurentius. 1927. "Inhabitants Of The Truk Islands: Religion, Life And A Short Grammar Of A Micronesian People." Munster I W.: Aschendorff. http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=or19-022.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

2 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

2 Succeeding Entity

1 Scale of Supracultural Interaction

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

1 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language Genus

1 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

1 Occupational Complexity

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

1 Burial Site

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

2 Non Phonetic Writing

1 Mnemonic Device

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

1 Store Of Wealth

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

1 Fastest Individual Communication

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

2 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

1 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2) was in:
(1886 CE 1948 CE)	Chuuk Islands

Home NGA: Chuuk Islands

General Variables

Identity and Location Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	56 N	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Original Name	Chuuk - Late Truk	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Capital	Toloas	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Alternative Name	Truk	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Alternative Name	Trukese	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Temporal Bounds Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[1886 CE ➜ 1948 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	fm_truk_2 vassalage to de_hohenzollern_3	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Supracultural Entity	Micronesia	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Succeeding Entity	United Nations Trusteeship	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Federated States of Micronesia	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Scale of Supracultural Interaction	7,400,000 km²	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	elite migration	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Preceding Entity 1775 CE 1886 CE	Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1) [elite replacement]
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Degree of Centralization	loose	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Language Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Oceanic-Austronesian	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Language Genus	uncoded Undecided	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Language	Chuukese	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Religion Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	- Undecided	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Polity Territory	127 km²	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Polity Population	9,200 people	1947 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	2	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Religious Level	1	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Military Level	3	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Administrative Level	4	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Professions Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Occupational Complexity	Uncoded Undecided	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Law Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Judge	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Court	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Irrigation System	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Food Storage Site	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Port	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Canal	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Bridge	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Burial Site	Uncoded Undecided	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Information / Writing System Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Script	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1886 CE 1914 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Present	1915 CE 1948 CE
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Mnemonic Device	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Sacred Text	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Practical Literature	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Philosophy	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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History	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Fiction	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Calendar	Present Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Information / Money Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Precious Metal	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Paper Currency	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Foreign Coin	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Article	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Store Of Wealth	Uncoded Undecided	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Information / Postal System Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Absent Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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General Postal Service	Absent Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Courier	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Fastest Individual Communication	- Undecided	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Information / Measurement System Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Unknown Suspected	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Absent Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Fortified Camp	Absent Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Earth Rampart	Unknown Suspected	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Ditch	Unknown Suspected	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Complex Fortification	Absent Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Long Wall	absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Military use of Metals Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Unknown Suspected	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Iron	Unknown Suspected	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Copper	Absent Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Bronze	Absent Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Projectiles Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Sling	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Self Bow	Unknown Suspected	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Javelin	Unknown Suspected	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Present	1886 CE 1904 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	1905 CE 1948 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Crossbow	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Composite Bow	Unknown Suspected	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Atlatl	Unknown Suspected	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Handheld weapons Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Sword	Absent Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Spear	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Polearm	Absent Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Dagger	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Battle Axe	Absent Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Animals used in warfare Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Elephant	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Donkey	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Dog	Absent Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Camel	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Armor Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Unknown Suspected	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Shield	Unknown Suspected	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Scaled Armor	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Plate Armor	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Limb Protection	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Leather Cloth	Absent Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Laminar Armor	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Helmet	Absent Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Chainmail	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Breastplate	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Naval technology Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Absent	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Absent Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present Inferred	1886 CE 1948 CE
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Human Sacrifice Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More