Home Region:  Polynesia (Oceania-Australia)

Chuuk - Late Truk

1886 CE 1948 CE
D G SC WF RG CC EQ 2020  fm_truk_2 / FmTrukL
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
1775 CE 1886 CE Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)    [elite replacement]

Succeeding Entity:
No Polity found. Add one here.


  General Description   The Chuuk Islands, part of what is today Micronesia, were first settled in the first century CE. [1] The name Chuuk, meaning "high mountains", comes from the Chuukese language. [2] The islands’ first contact with Europeans came in 1528, when they were sighted by Spanish explorers. [2] In the late 19th century, the Chuuk islands became part of Spanish and German, then Japanese colonial regimes. [2] . After the Second World War, where the islands were a major site of conflict in the Pacific Theater, the Chuuk islands became part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific under US administration. [2] .
Population and political organization
During the pre-colonial period, Chuuk was extremely fragmented politically. Each district had its own chiefship, which was divided between the "oldest man in the senior female line in the chiefly lineage and the oldest man in the lineage generally." [3]
During the colonial period, the colonial governments superimposed a colonial administration onto the native system. They appointed head chiefs to lead each of the main Micronesian islands, but the individual communities remained fragmented. [4]
The only available population figures refer to the colonial period. In 1947, Chuuk’s population was about 9,200. [1]

[1]: (Goodenough and Skoggard, 1999. 1) Goodenough, Ward Hunt, and Ian A. Skoggard. 1999. "Culture Summary: Chuuk." New Haven, Conn.: HRAF. http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=or19-000.

[2]: (The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica 2013) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/3CNVADQA.

[3]: (Goodenough and Skoggard, 1999. 4) Goodenough, Ward Hunt, and Ian A. Skoggard. 1999. "Culture Summary: Chuuk." New Haven, Conn.: HRAF. http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=or19-000.

[4]: (Bollig, 1927. 124) Bollig, Laurentius. 1927. "Inhabitants Of The Truk Islands: Religion, Life And A Short Grammar Of A Micronesian People." Munster I W.: Aschendorff. http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=or19-022.

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2) was in:
 (1886 CE 1948 CE)   Chuuk Islands
Home NGA: Chuuk Islands
General Variables
Identity and Location Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 56 N Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Original Name Chuuk - Late Truk Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Capital Toloas Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Alternative Name Truk Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Alternative Name Trukese Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Temporal Bounds Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Duration [1886 CE ➜ 1948 CE] Confident
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Political and Cultural Relations Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Suprapolity Relations fm_truk_2 vassalage to de_hohenzollern_3 Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Supracultural Entity Micronesia Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Succeeding Entity United Nations Trusteeship Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Succeeding Entity Federated States of Micronesia Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Scale of Supracultural Interaction 7,400,000 km2 Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity elite migration Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Preceding Entity
1775 CE 1886 CE
Chuuk - Early Truk (fm_truk_1)   [elite replacement]  Confident
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Degree of Centralization loose Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Language Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Oceanic-Austronesian Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Language Genus uncoded Undecided 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Language Chuukese Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Religion Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement - Undecided 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Polity Territory 127 km2 Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Polity Population 9,200 people Confident 1947 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy 2 Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Religious Level 1 Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Military Level 3 Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Administrative Level 4 Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Professions Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Professional Priesthood Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Professional Military Officer Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Occupational Complexity Uncoded Undecided 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat Present Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Law Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Lawyer Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Judge Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
Court Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Irrigation System Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Food Storage Site Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Road Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Port Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Canal Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Bridge Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Mines or Quarry Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Burial Site Uncoded Undecided 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Information / Writing System Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Script Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Nonwritten Record Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing Absent Confident 1886 CE 1914 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing Present Confident 1915 CE 1948 CE
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Mnemonic Device Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Sacred Text Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Religious Literature Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Practical Literature Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Philosophy Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification Present Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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History Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Fiction Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Calendar Present Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Information / Money Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Token Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Precious Metal Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Paper Currency Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Indigenous Coin Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Foreign Coin Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Article Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Store Of Wealth Uncoded Undecided 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Information / Postal System Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Postal Station Absent Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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General Postal Service Absent Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Courier Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Fastest Individual Communication - Undecided 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Information / Measurement System Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Unknown Suspected 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared Absent Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Modern Fortification Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Moat Unknown Suspected 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Fortified Camp Absent Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Earth Rampart Unknown Suspected 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Ditch Unknown Suspected 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Complex Fortification Absent Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Long Wall absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Military use of Metals Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Steel Unknown Suspected 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Iron Unknown Suspected 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Copper Absent Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Bronze Absent Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Projectiles Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Sling Siege Engine Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Sling Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Self Bow Unknown Suspected 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Javelin Unknown Suspected 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Handheld Firearm Present Confident 1886 CE 1904 CE
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Handheld Firearm Absent Confident 1905 CE 1948 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Crossbow Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Composite Bow Unknown Suspected 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Atlatl Unknown Suspected 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Handheld weapons Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
War Club Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Sword Absent Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Spear Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Polearm Absent Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Dagger Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Battle Axe Absent Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Animals used in warfare Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Horse Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Elephant Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Donkey Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Dog Absent Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Camel Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Armor Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc Unknown Suspected 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Shield Unknown Suspected 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Scaled Armor Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Plate Armor Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Limb Protection Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Leather Cloth Absent Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Laminar Armor Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Helmet Absent Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Chainmail Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Breastplate Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Naval technology Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Military Vessel Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad Absent Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary Present Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites Present Confident 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers Absent Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain Present Inferred 1886 CE  1948 CE
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Human Sacrifice Chuuk - Late Truk (fm_truk_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
View all Crisis Cases
Instability Data
Power Transitions
View all Power Transitions