Home Region:  Turkestan (Central and Northern Eurasia)

Sarazm

3500 BCE 2000 BCE
D G SC WF RG EQ 2020  tj_sarasm / TjSaraz
Preceding Entity:
No Polity found. Add one here.

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.
1800 BCE 1200 BCE Andronovo (kz_andronovo)    [None]


  General Description   This polity is named after an ancient settlement site at Sarazm, located in modern Tajikistan. The period runs from its initial settlement around 3500 BCE to the site’s abandonment c. 2000 BCE. [1] This period at Sarazm represents the first urban phase in Sogdiana and has yielded evidence of ceramic production, agriculture, irrigation and metallurgy. [2] Ceramic evidence, along with the presence of seashells, suggests that contacts were maintained with different areas of Central Asia. [3] [4]
Population and political organization
Due to the nature of the remaining evidence, the political organization of Sarazm is not known. While 100 hectares have been excavated at the site, the settlement area expanded and contracted throughout its existence, making a definite population estimate difficult for this period. [2]

[1]: (Anthony 2010, 420) Anthony, David W. 2010. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7MNNVQRA.

[2]: (de la Vaissière 2011) Vaissière, É. de la. 2011. “Sogdiana III: History and Archeology.” Encyclopædia Iranica. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sogdiana-iii-history-and-archeology. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9AS4QQVB.

[3]: (Masson 1992, 232) Masson, V. M. 1992. “The Bronze Age In Khorasan and Transoxania.” In History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Volume I: The Dawn of Civilizations: Earliest Times to 700 B.C., edited by A. H. Dani and V. M. Masson, 225-46. Paris: UNESCO. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/JZ5DSUEB/q/masson.

[4]: (Isakov 1994, 4-5) Isakov, A. 1994. “Sarazm: An Agricultural Center of Ancient Sogdiana.” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 8: 1-12. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/NWVCFNW7.

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Sarazm (tj_sarasm) was in:
 (3500 BCE 2001 BCE)   Sogdiana
Home NGA: Sogdiana
General Variables
Identity and Location Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 42 S Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Original Name Sarazm Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Original Name Sarazm Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Capital Sarazm Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Duration [3500 BCE ➜ 2000 BCE] Confident
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Political and Cultural Relations Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Suprapolity Relations none Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Succeeding Entity Andronovo Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Scale of Supracultural Interaction [750,000 to 1,000,000] km2 Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Succeeding Entity
1800 BCE 1200 BCE
Andronovo (kz_andronovo)   [None]  Confident
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Degree of Centralization quasi-polity Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Language Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Religion Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement [1,750 to 7,000] people Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy [2 to 3] Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Professions Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Bureaucracy Characteristics Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building Absent Inferred 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Merit Promotion Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Examination System Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Law Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Lawyer Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Judge Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
Court Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Market Present Inferred 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Irrigation System Present Inferred 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Food Storage Site Present Inferred 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Road Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Port Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Canal Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Bridge Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Mines or Quarry Present Inferred 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Information / Writing System Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Script Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Sacred Text Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Religious Literature Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Practical Literature Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Philosophy Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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History Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Fiction Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Calendar Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Information / Money Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Paper Currency Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Indigenous Coin Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Foreign Coin Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Article Present Inferred 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Debt And Credit Structure Uncoded Undecided 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Information / Postal System Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Postal Station Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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General Postal Service Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Courier Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Information / Measurement System Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared Absent Inferred 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Modern Fortification Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Moat Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Fortified Camp Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Earth Rampart Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Ditch Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Complex Fortification Absent Inferred 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Long Wall unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Military use of Metals Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Steel Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Iron Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Copper Present Inferred 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Bronze Present Inferred 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Projectiles Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Sling Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Self Bow Present Inferred 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Javelin Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Handheld Firearm Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery Absent Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Crossbow Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Composite Bow Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Atlatl Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Handheld weapons Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
War Club Present Inferred 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Sword Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Spear Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Polearm Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Dagger Present Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Battle Axe Present Inferred 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Horse Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Elephant Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Donkey Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Dog Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Camel Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Armor Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Shield Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Scaled Armor Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Plate Armor Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Limb Protection Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Leather Cloth Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Laminar Armor Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Helmet Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Chainmail Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Breastplate Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Naval technology Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Military Vessel Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service Unknown Suspected 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad Unknown Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary Unknown Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic Unknown Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life Unknown Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward Unknown Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners Unknown Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted Unknown Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife Unknown Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites Unknown Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers Unknown Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain Unknown Confident 3500 BCE  2000 BCE
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Human Sacrifice Sarazm (tj_sarasm)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
View all Crisis Cases
Instability Data
Power Transitions
View all Power Transitions