Home Region: Levant (Southwest Asia)
Yehuda
141 BCE 63 BCE
Preceding Entity:
Add one more here.
Succeeding Entity:
[continuity; Seleucid Empire] [continuity] Update here
Succeeding Entity:
No Polity found. Add one here.
Displayed: 105 BCE
Jerusalem
Jerusalem
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General Description
The Judea (originally Yehuda) polity of 141 - 63 BCE was formed when Simon Thassi, brother of the executed Jonathan Apphus who had waged war against the Seleucids, was elected as High King and Prince in a popular assembly in 141 BCE. Simon achieved a measure of quasi-independence from the Seleucids—though he remained a vassal and the population retained strong elements of Hellenism.
According to archaeologists, it seems that Galilee was only sparsely settled before this period, and that the conquering of territories and increase in Jewish communities coming into the area contributed to the rise in permanent settlements and population during this time. However, agreements over the population differs widely, with estimates on the largest settlement, Jerusalem, ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 people.
[1]
[2]
[3]
Judea was a sophisticated, well-organised and equipped society, with markets, established trade routes, water transportation infrastructure, aqueducts and cisterns, temples and palaces, sporting arenas, libraries, and many other modern features.
[4]
[5]
[6]
[1]: Leibner (2009:319).
[2]: Broshi (1978).
[3]: Geva (2013).
[4]: Chanson (2002:56).
[5]: Netzer (2001:13-39).
[6]: See the Specialized Buildings section for more information from our expert
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
| nominal allegiance to [---] | |
| none | |
| vassalage to [---] |
| Jewish diaspora |
| Late Roman Republic |
| 100,000 km2 |
| continuity |
| UNCLEAR: [continuity] |
| confederated state |
Language
Religion
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information
/ Writing System
Information
/ Kinds of Written Documents
Information
/ Money
Information
/ Postal System
Information
/ Measurement System
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
| Present |
| Present |
| inferred Present |
| Absent |
| inferred Present |
| Present |
| inferred Present |
| Present |
| inferred Present |
| inferred Present |
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables
Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences
Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions
Coding in Progress.
NGA Settlements:
| Year Range | Yehuda (il_judea) was in: |
|---|---|
| (103 BCE 62 BCE) | Galilee |
Home NGA: Galilee
General Variables
| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Suprapolity Relations | nominal allegiance to [---] | Confident Expert | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Suprapolity Relations | none | Confident Expert | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Suprapolity Relations | vassalage to [---] | Confident Expert | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Supracultural Entity | Jewish diaspora | Confident Expert | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Succeeding Entity | Late Roman Republic | Confident Expert | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Scale of Supracultural Interaction | 100,000 km2 | Confident Expert | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Relationship to Preceding Entity | continuity | Confident Expert | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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Preceding Entity
CE
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continuity; Seleucid Empire [continuity] Update here
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| Degree of Centralization | confederated state | Confident Expert | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Linguistic Family | Semitic | Confident Expert | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Linguistic Family | Indo-European | Confident Expert | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Language | Aramaic | Confident Expert | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Language | Hebrew | Confident Expert | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Language | Greek | Confident Expert | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More |
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Social Complexity Variables
| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Settlement Hierarchy | 3 | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More |
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More |
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mines or Quarry | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Written Record | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Script | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Phonetic Alphabetic Writing | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Nonwritten Record | Unknown | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Mnemonic Device | Present | Inferred | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scientific Literature | Unknown | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Sacred Text | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Religious Literature | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Practical Literature | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Philosophy | Unknown | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Lists Tables and Classification | Present | Inferred | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| History | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Fiction | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Calendar | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Token | Unknown | Suspected | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Precious Metal | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Paper Currency | Absent | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Indigenous Coin | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Foreign Coin | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Article | Unknown | Suspected | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Postal Station | Unknown | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| General Postal Service | Unknown | Suspected | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Courier | Present | Inferred | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wooden Palisade | Unknown | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Stone Walls Non Mortared | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Stone Walls Mortared | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Settlements in a Defensive Position | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Modern Fortification | Absent | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moat | Unknown | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Fortified Camp | Present | Inferred | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Earth Rampart | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Ditch | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Complex Fortification | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Long Wall | absent | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel | Present | Confident Uncertain | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Steel | Absent | Confident Uncertain | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Iron | Present | Inferred | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Copper | Unknown | Suspected | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Bronze | Present | Inferred | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tension Siege Engine | Present | Inferred | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Sling Siege Engine | Absent | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Sling | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Self Bow | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Javelin | Present | Inferred | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Handheld Firearm | Absent | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Gunpowder Siege Artillery | Absent | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Crossbow | Absent | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Composite Bow | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Atlatl | Absent | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| War Club | Unknown | Suspected | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Sword | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Spear | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Polearm | Absent | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Dagger | Unknown | Suspected | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Battle Axe | Present | Inferred | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wood Bark Etc | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Shield | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Scaled Armor | Present | Inferred | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Plate Armor | Absent | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Limb Protection | Present | Inferred | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Leather Cloth | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Laminar Armor | Present | Inferred | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Helmet | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Chainmail | Present | Inferred | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Breastplate | Present | Inferred | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Broad | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement in This Life | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife | Absent | Inferred | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Certain | Present | Confident | 141 BCE 63 BCE | ||||||||
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Crisis Cases
Instability Data
Power Transitions