Home Region:  Western Europe (Europe)

La Tene B2-C1

325 BCE 175 BCE
D G SC WF RG EQ 2020  fr_la_tene_b2_c1 / FrTeneB
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
475 BCE 325 BCE La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)    [continuity]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.
175 BCE 27 BCE La Tene C2-D (fr_la_tene_c2_d)    [continuity]


  General Description   La Tene (B2-C1) was an Iron Age culture in Europe named after an archaeological site at Lake Neuchatel in Switzerland.
The territory centred on ancient Gaul and at its height spanned areas in modern day France, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, Southern Germany, Czechia, parts of Northern Italy, Slovenia, Hungary, and adjacent parts of the Netherlands, Slovakia, Croatia, western Romania, and western Ukraine.
Settlements during this period included larger towns, villages and farmsteads spread throughout their territories. [1] During this period tribes became urbanised and more centralized but although they formed alliances with other tribes, they did not join together within a unified centralized polity. [2] Each tribe had their own fortified urban settlements and there was no capital city.
The population is estimated at around 70,000-80,000, and much of the information we have about the populations comes from the time of Caesar’s invasion of Gaul.

[1]: (Wells 1999, 45-47)

[2]: (Kruta 2004, 105)

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1) was in:
 (324 BCE 175 BCE)   Paris Basin
Home NGA: Paris Basin
General Variables
Identity and Location La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 31 U Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Original Name La Tene B2-C1 Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Capital None (Absent Capital) Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Alternative Name La Tene Gaul Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Alternative Name Celtic Gaul Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Alternative Name Gaul Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Alternative Name Iron Age Gaul Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Alternative Name Celtic Empire Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Alternative Name La Tene Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Alternative Name La Tene culture Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Alternative Name Galli Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Temporal Bounds La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Peak Years 200 BCE Confident
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Duration [325 BCE ➜ 175 BCE] Confident
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Political and Cultural Relations La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Suprapolity Relations alliance with [---] Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Supracultural Entity La Tene Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Succeeding Entity La Tene C2-D Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity continuity Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Succeeding Entity
175 BCE 27 BCE
La Tene C2-D (fr_la_tene_c2_d)   [continuity]  Confident
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Preceding Entity
475 BCE 325 BCE
La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)   [continuity]  Confident
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Degree of Centralization confederated state Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Degree of Centralization loose Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Language La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Celtic Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Language Gallic Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Religion La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement 50 people Confident 300 BCE
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Population of the Largest Settlement [1,500 to 3,000] people Confident 200 BCE
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Polity Territory 1,250 km2 Confident 300 BCE
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Polity Territory 1,250 km2 Confident 200 BCE
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Polity Population [70,000 to 80,000] people Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Largest Communication Distance - Undecided 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy [2 to 4] Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Religious Level - Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Military Level 4 Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Administrative Level 3 Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Professions La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Professional Priesthood Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Professional Military Officer Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Merit Promotion Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Examination System Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Law La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Lawyer Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Judge Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
Court Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Market Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Irrigation System Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Food Storage Site Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Drinking Water Supply System Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Road Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Port Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Canal Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Bridge Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Mines or Quarry Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Information / Writing System La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Script Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Nonwritten Record Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Non Phonetic Writing Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Mnemonic Device Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Sacred Text Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Religious Literature Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Practical Literature Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Philosophy Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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History Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Fiction Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Calendar Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Information / Money La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Paper Currency Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Indigenous Coin Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Foreign Coin Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Article Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Information / Postal System La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Postal Station Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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General Postal Service Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Courier Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Information / Measurement System La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Modern Fortification Absent Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Moat Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Fortified Camp Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Earth Rampart Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Ditch Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Complex Fortification Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Long Wall absent Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Military use of Metals La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Steel Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Iron Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Copper Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Bronze Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Projectiles La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine Absent Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine Absent Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Sling Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Self Bow Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Javelin Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Handheld Firearm Absent Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery Absent Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Crossbow Absent Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Composite Bow Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Atlatl Absent Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Handheld weapons La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
War Club Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Sword Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Spear Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Polearm Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Dagger Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Battle Axe Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Animals used in warfare La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Horse Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Elephant Absent Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Donkey Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Dog Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Camel Absent Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Armor La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Shield Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Scaled Armor Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Plate Armor Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Limb Protection Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Leather Cloth Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Laminar Armor Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Helmet Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Chainmail Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Breastplate Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Naval technology La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Military Vessel Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc Present Confident 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service Unknown Suspected 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers Present Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain Absent Inferred 325 BCE  175 BCE
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Human Sacrifice La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
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Instability Data
Power Transitions
View all Power Transitions