Home Region: Western Europe (Europe)

La Tene A-B1

475 BCE 325 BCE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 fr_la_tene_a_b1 / FrTeneA

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

600 BCE 475 BCE Hallstatt D (fr_hallstatt_d) [population replacement]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

325 BCE 175 BCE La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1) [continuity]

General Description

La Tene (A-B1) was an early Iron Age culture in Europe named after an archaeological site at Lake Neuchatel in Switzerland. ^[1]
The territory centered on ancient Gaul and at its height spanned areas in modern day France, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, Southern Germany, Czechia, parts of Northern Italy, Slovenia, Hungary, and adjacent parts of the Netherlands, Slovakia, Croatia, western Romania, and western Ukraine.
Settlements during this period included larger towns (indicating a degree of centralization), villages and farmsteads spread throughout their territories. ^[2]
Population figures are difficult to trace, but according to our expert some estimates put the largest settlement areas during the beginning of this period at 5,000-7,000 people.

[1]: (Collis 2003, 172, 217-218)

[2]: (Wells 1999, 45-47)

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

11 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

2 Relationship to preceding Entity

2 Polity Succession

2 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

2 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Largest Communication Distance

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

2 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1) was in:
(474 BCE 325 BCE)	Paris Basin

Home NGA: Paris Basin

General Variables

Identity and Location La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	31 U	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Original Name	La Tene A-B1	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Capital	None (Absent Capital)	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Alternative Name	Early La Tene	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Alternative Name	La Tene Gaul	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Alternative Name	Celtic Gaul	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Alternative Name	Gaul	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Alternative Name	Iron Age Gaul	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Alternative Name	Celtic Empire	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Alternative Name	La Tene	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Alternative Name	La Tene culture	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Alternative Name	Galli	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Alternative Name	Celts	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Alternative Name	Gauls	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Temporal Bounds La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	450 BCE
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Duration	[475 BCE ➜ 325 BCE]
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Political and Cultural Relations La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	alliance with [---]	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Supracultural Entity	La Tene	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Succeeding Entity	La Tene B2-C1	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	population migration	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Preceding Entity 600 BCE 475 BCE	Hallstatt D (fr_hallstatt_d) [population replacement]
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Succeeding Entity 325 BCE 175 BCE	La Tene B2-C1 (fr_la_tene_b2_c1) [continuity]
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Degree of Centralization	confederated state	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Degree of Centralization	loose	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Language La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Celtic	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Language	Gallic	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Religion La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[5,000 to 7,000] people	475 BCE 400 BCE
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Population of the Largest Settlement	50 people	399 BCE 325 BCE
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Polity Territory	1,250 km²	400 BCE
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Largest Communication Distance	- Undecided	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	[2 to 3]	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Religious Level	- Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Military Level	3	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Administrative Level	3	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Professions La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Professional Priesthood	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Professional Military Officer	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Merit Promotion	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Examination System	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Law La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Judge	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Formal Legal Code	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Court	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Irrigation System	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Food Storage Site	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Port	Present Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Bridge	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Information / Writing System La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Script	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Nonwritten Record	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Sacred Text	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Religious Literature	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Practical Literature	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Philosophy	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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History	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Fiction	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Calendar	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Information / Money La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Precious Metal	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Paper Currency	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent Uncertain	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Indigenous Coin	Present Inferred Uncertain	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Foreign Coin	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Article	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Information / Postal System La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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General Postal Service	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Courier	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Information / Measurement System La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Absent	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Fortified Camp	Absent	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Earth Rampart	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Ditch	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Complex Fortification	Absent	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Long Wall	absent	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Military use of Metals La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Iron	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Copper	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Bronze	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Projectiles La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Absent	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Sling	Present Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Self Bow	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Javelin	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Crossbow	Absent	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Composite Bow	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Atlatl	Absent	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Handheld weapons La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Sword	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Spear	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Polearm	Present Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Dagger	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Battle Axe	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Animals used in warfare La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Elephant	Absent	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Donkey	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Dog	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Camel	Absent	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Armor La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Shield	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Scaled Armor	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Plate Armor	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Limb Protection	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Leather Cloth	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Laminar Armor	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Helmet	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Chainmail	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Breastplate	Present	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Naval technology La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Unknown Suspected	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Absent Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Unknown	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present Inferred	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Unknown	475 BCE 325 BCE
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Human Sacrifice La Tene A-B1 (fr_la_tene_a_b1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More