Home Region: West Africa (Africa)

Jenne-jeno II

50 CE 399 CE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 ml_jenne_jeno_2 / MlJeJe2

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

250 BCE 49 CE Jenne-jeno I (ml_jenne_jeno_1) [continuity]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

400 CE 899 CE Jenne-jeno III (ml_jenne_jeno_3) [continuity]

General Description

The archaeological site of Jenne-jeno (or Djenné-djenno) is a mound located in the Niger Inland Delta, a region of West Africa just south of the Sahara and part of modern-day Mali, characterized by lakes and floodplains. It was continuously inhabited between 250 BCE and 1400 CE. ’Jenne-jeno II’ refers to the period from 50 to 400 CE. During this time, the site’s inhabitants fished, gathered wild plants, hunted, and cultivated rice (as well as millet and sorghum). They also made and used pottery, and smelted, smithed and used iron, though they probably imported the raw material for the latter from far afield. ^[1]
Population and political organization
It appears that the heterarchical organization that characterized Jenne-jeno in later times developed during this period. ^[2] As for population, it is unclear how many people were living at Jenne-jeno or at the surrounding sites at this time, but a relatively rapid demographic increase is also likely. ^[1]

[1]: (McIntosh 2006, 174-75) Roderick McIntosh. 2006. Ancient Middle Niger. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[2]: (McIntosh 2006, xv) Roderick McIntosh. 2006. Ancient Middle Niger. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

6 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Scale of Supracultural Interaction

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

2 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

1 Occupational Complexity

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

1 Special Purpose House

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

1 Enclosure

1 Ceremonial Site

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

1 Mnemonic Device

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

2 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

2 Self Bow

2 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2) was in:
(50 CE 399 CE)	Niger Inland Delta

Home NGA: Niger Inland Delta

General Variables

Identity and Location Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	30 P	50 CE 399 CE
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Original Name	Jenne-jeno II	50 CE 399 CE
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Alternative Name	Jenne-jeno Phase II	50 CE 399 CE
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Alternative Name	Djenne-jeno	50 CE 399 CE
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Alternative Name	Zoboro	50 CE 399 CE
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Alternative Name	Old Jenne	50 CE 399 CE
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Alternative Name	Djoboro	50 CE 399 CE
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Alternative Name	Do-Dojobor	50 CE 399 CE
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Temporal Bounds Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	399 CE
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Duration	[50 CE ➜ 399 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	unknown [---] Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Supracultural Entity	Sahel Tell Culture	50 CE 399 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Jenne-jeno III	50 CE 399 CE
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Scale of Supracultural Interaction	[1,500,000 to 2,500,000] km²	50 CE 399 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuation	50 CE 399 CE
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Preceding Entity 250 BCE 49 CE	Jenne-jeno I (ml_jenne_jeno_1) [continuity]
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Succeeding Entity 400 CE 899 CE	Jenne-jeno III (ml_jenne_jeno_3) [continuity]
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Degree of Centralization	quasi-polity	50 CE 399 CE
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Language Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI	50 CE 399 CE
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Religion Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[500 to 2,000] people	50 CE 399 CE
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Polity Territory	[800 to 1,200] km²	50 CE 399 CE
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Polity Population	[2,000 to 3,000] people	50 CE 399 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	2	50 CE 399 CE
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Religious Level	- Undecided	50 CE 399 CE
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Administrative Level	[1 to 2]	50 CE 399 CE
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Professions Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Absent Inferred	50 CE 399 CE
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Occupational Complexity	Uncoded Undecided	50 CE 399 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Merit Promotion	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Examination System	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Law Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Judge	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Court	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Irrigation System	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Food Storage Site	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Special Purpose House	Uncoded Undecided	50 CE 399 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Port	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Canal	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Bridge	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present Inferred	50 CE 399 CE
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Enclosure	Uncoded Undecided	50 CE 399 CE
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Ceremonial Site	Uncoded Undecided	50 CE 399 CE
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Information / Writing System Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Script	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	50 CE 399 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Mnemonic Device	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Sacred Text	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Religious Literature	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Practical Literature	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Philosophy	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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History	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Fiction	Absent Inferred	50 CE 399 CE
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Calendar	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Information / Money Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Precious Metal	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Paper Currency	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Foreign Coin	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Article	Present Inferred	50 CE 399 CE
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Information / Postal System Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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General Postal Service	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Courier	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Information / Measurement System Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Moat	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Fortified Camp	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Earth Rampart	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Ditch	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Complex Fortification	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Military use of Metals Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Iron	Present Uncertain	50 CE 399 CE
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Iron	Absent Uncertain	50 CE 399 CE
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Copper	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Bronze	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Projectiles Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Sling	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Self Bow	Present Uncertain	50 CE 399 CE
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Self Bow	Absent Uncertain	50 CE 399 CE
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Javelin	Present Uncertain	50 CE 399 CE
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Javelin	Absent Uncertain	50 CE 399 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Crossbow	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Composite Bow	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Atlatl	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Handheld weapons Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present Inferred	50 CE 399 CE
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Sword	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Spear	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Polearm	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Dagger	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Battle Axe	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Animals used in warfare Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Elephant	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Donkey	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Dog	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Camel	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Armor Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Shield	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Scaled Armor	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Plate Armor	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Limb Protection	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Leather Cloth	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Laminar Armor	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Helmet	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Chainmail	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Breastplate	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Naval technology Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Unknown Suspected	50 CE 399 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Absent	50 CE 399 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Unknown	50 CE 399 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Unknown	50 CE 399 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Unknown	50 CE 399 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Unknown	50 CE 399 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Unknown	50 CE 399 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Unknown	50 CE 399 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Unknown	50 CE 399 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Unknown	50 CE 399 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Unknown	50 CE 399 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Unknown	50 CE 399 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Unknown	50 CE 399 CE
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Human Sacrifice Jenne-jeno II (ml_jenne_jeno_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More