Home Region: Maritime Southeast Asia (Southeast Asia)

Mataram Sultanate

1568 CE 1755 CE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 id_mataram_k / IdMatrm

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

[continuity; Demak Sultanate] [continuity] Update here

Succeeding Entity:

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General Description

Mataram started out as a vassal to the kingdom of Pajang—itself one of a number of short-lived polities that emerged from the disintegration of the Demak Sultanate—and gradually established itself as the dominant polity in central Java between the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth centuries. ^[1] The polity’s heyday coincided with the rule of Agung Hanyokrokusumo (1613-1645), whose marriage alliances and military campaigns resulted in the polity’s greatest territorial expansion, annexing the Sultanate of Cirebon in the West and the kingdoms of Surabaya and Blambangan in the East. ^[2] Mataram went in decline shortly after Hanyokrokusumo’s death, succumbing to the Dutch East India Company in the first half of the eighteenth century. ^[1]
Population and political organization
The Sultan governed with the assistance of a number of functionaries, though the exact hierarchy of these functionaries remains unclear, as does their relationship to the bureaucratic systems in the polity’s administrative subdivisions, particularly its powerful trading centers on the coast. ^[3] It is worth noting, however, that Hanyokrokusumo enacted a sweeping reform of the judiciary system meant to integrate Islamic law into traditional customs. ^[4]
No demographic estimates have been found in the specialist literature, with the exception of Reid’s ^[5] conjecture that the polity’s population density corresponded to about thirty people per squared kilometer.

[1]: (Ooi 2004 864-866)

[2]: (Achmad & Nurcholis 2016, 41)

[3]: (Schrieke 1957, 190-207)

[4]: (Achmad & Nurcholis 2016)

[5]: (Reid in Tarling 1993, 463)

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

4 Capital

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

1 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

1 Geometrical Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions

12 Power Transition

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k) was in:
(1568 CE 1703 CE)	Central Java

Home NGA: Central Java

General Variables

Identity and Location Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	49 M Expert	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Capital	Kota Gede Expert	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Capital	Kartosuro Expert	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Capital	Plered Expert	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Capital	Karta Expert	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Temporal Bounds Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[1568 CE ➜ 1755 CE] Expert
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Political and Cultural Relations Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity Expert	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Preceding Entity	continuity; Demak Sultanate [continuity] Update here Expert
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Degree of Centralization	loose Expert	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Language Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Austronesian Expert	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Language	Javanese Expert	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Religion Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Polity Territory	[90,000 to 110,000] km²	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Polity Population	[3,000,000 to 3,500,000] people	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	3	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Religious Level	[1 to 3]	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Military Level	5	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Administrative Level	[2 to 5]	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Professions Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Merit Promotion	Uncoded Undecided	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Examination System	Uncoded Undecided	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Law Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Judge	Present Inferred	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Court	Present Inferred	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Irrigation System	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Food Storage Site	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Uncoded Undecided	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Port	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Canal	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Bridge	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Information / Writing System Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Script	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Uncoded Undecided	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Sacred Text	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Religious Literature	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Practical Literature	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Philosophy	Uncoded Undecided	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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History	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Fiction	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Calendar	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Information / Money Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Uncoded Undecided	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Precious Metal	Uncoded Undecided	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Paper Currency	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Foreign Coin	Uncoded Undecided	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Article	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Information / Postal System Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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General Postal Service	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Courier	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Information / Measurement System Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Geometrical Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Modern Fortification	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Fortified Camp	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Earth Rampart	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Ditch	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Complex Fortification	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Military use of Metals Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Iron	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Copper	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Bronze	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Projectiles Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Sling Siege Engine	Present Inferred	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Sling	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Self Bow	Absent	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Javelin	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Crossbow	Absent	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Composite Bow	Absent	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Atlatl	Absent	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Handheld weapons Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Sword	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Spear	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Polearm	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Dagger	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Battle Axe	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Animals used in warfare Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Elephant	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Donkey	Absent	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Dog	Absent	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Camel	Absent	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Armor Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Shield	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Scaled Armor	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Plate Armor	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Limb Protection	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Leather Cloth	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Laminar Armor	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Helmet	Present Inferred	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Chainmail	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Breastplate	Unknown Suspected	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Naval technology Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	1568 CE 1755 CE
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Human Sacrifice Mataram Sultanate (id_mataram_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More