Home Region:  Pakistan (South Asia)

Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period

1800 BCE 1300 BCE
D G SC WF RG EQ 2020  pk_kachi_post_urban / PkPostU
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
2100 BCE 1800 BCE Kachi Plain - Urban Period II (pk_kachi_urban_2)    [None]

Succeeding Entity:
No Polity found. Add one here.


  General Description   The Kachi Plain, in modern-day Pakistan, is hemmed in on two of its three sides by the mountains of Baluchistan, while its southeastern side opens up to the Indus Valley. [1] Here, the settlement of Pirak was established not long after the beginning of the second millennium BCE, and it was continuously occupied from that time up until the sixth or seventh century BCE. Here we consider Pirak I, that is, the phase of Pirak’s occupation that corresponds to the best part of the second millennium BCE. [2] It seems very likely that Pirak was part of a larger assemblage of culturally similar settlements, but, perhaps due to the erosive effects of nearby rivers, only Pirak remains. [3] Notable archaeological finds from the site at this time include terracotta seals, horse and camel figurines, and zoomorphic game pieces, and the site’s architecture and agricultural infrastructure is somewhat reminiscent of the Indus Valley Civilization. [4]
Population and political organization
Not much appears to be known about Pirak’s political organization, although the retrieval of terracotta seals [5] suggests perhaps the existence of some form of bureaucracy.
The scholarly literature does not provide population estimates.

[1]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 29) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. Arts Asiatiques 32: 29-70.

[2]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 32-33) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. Arts Asiatiques 32: 29-70.

[3]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 45-46) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. Arts Asiatiques 32: 29-70.

[4]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 33-36) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. Arts Asiatiques 32: 29-70.

[5]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 36) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. Arts Asiatiques 32: 29-70.

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban) was in:
 (1800 BCE 1301 BCE)   Kachi Plain
Home NGA: Kachi Plain
General Variables
Identity and Location Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 42 R Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Original Name Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Capital unknown Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Alternative Name Late Harappan Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Alternative Name Pirak I Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Duration [1800 BCE ➜ 1300 BCE] Confident
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Political and Cultural Relations Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Suprapolity Relations unknown [---] Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Succeeding Entity Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Preceding Entity
2100 BCE 1800 BCE
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II (pk_kachi_urban_2)   [None]  Confident
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Degree of Centralization loose Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Language Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family unknown Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Language uncoded Undecided 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Religion Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement [450 to 1,800] people Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Polity Territory - Undecided 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Polity Population - Undecided 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Largest Communication Distance - Undecided 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy [1 to 2] Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Religious Level 1 Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Military Level [0 to 1] Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Administrative Level [0 to 2] Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Professions Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier Absent Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Professional Priesthood Present Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Professional Military Officer Absent Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building Absent Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat Absent Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Law Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Lawyer Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Judge Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Absent Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
Court Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Market Unknown Suspected 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Irrigation System Absent Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Food Storage Site Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Drinking Water Supply System Absent Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Road Absent Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Port Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Canal Present Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Bridge Present Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Writing System Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Script Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Nonwritten Record Present Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Non Phonetic Writing Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Mnemonic Device Unknown Suspected 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Sacred Text Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Religious Literature Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Practical Literature Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Philosophy Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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History Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Fiction Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Calendar Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Information / Money Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Token Present Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Precious Metal Present Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Paper Currency Absent Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Indigenous Coin Absent Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Foreign Coin Absent Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Article Present Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Information / Postal System Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Postal Station Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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General Postal Service Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Courier Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Information / Measurement System Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position Absent Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Modern Fortification Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moat Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Fortified Camp Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Earth Rampart Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Ditch Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Complex Fortification Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Long Wall absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Military use of Metals Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Steel Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Iron Present Inferred 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Bronze Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Projectiles Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Sling Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Self Bow Present Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Javelin Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Handheld Firearm Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Crossbow Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Composite Bow Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Atlatl Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Handheld weapons Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
War Club Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Sword Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Spear Present Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Polearm Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Dagger Present Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Battle Axe Present Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Horse Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Elephant Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Donkey Present Confident Uncertain 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Donkey Absent Confident Uncertain 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Dog Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Camel Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Armor Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Shield Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Scaled Armor Absent Confident 1800 BCE 1700 BCE
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Scaled Armor Unknown Suspected 1600 BCE 1301 BCE
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Plate Armor Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Limb Protection Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Leather Cloth Absent Confident 1800 BCE 1700 BCE
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Leather Cloth Unknown Suspected 1600 BCE 1301 BCE
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Laminar Armor Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Helmet Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Chainmail Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Breastplate Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Naval technology Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Military Vessel Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service Absent Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad Unknown Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary Unknown Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic Unknown Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life Unknown Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward Unknown Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners Unknown Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted Unknown Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife Unknown Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites Unknown Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers Unknown Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain Unknown Confident 1800 BCE  1300 BCE
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Human Sacrifice Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period (pk_kachi_post_urban)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
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Instability Data
Power Transitions
View all Power Transitions