Home Region:  Western Europe (Europe)

Napoleonic France

1816 CE 1870 CE

D G SC CC PT EQ 2020  fr_france_napoleonic

Displayed: 1820 CE








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Preceding Entity:
No Polity found. Add one here.

Succeeding Entity:
No Polity found. Add one here.


This period incorporates the following polities in France:
:Bourbon Restoration II: 1815-1830
:Kingdom of France: 1830-1848
:Second French Republic: 1848-1852
:Second French Empire: 1852-1870
The Bourbon Restoration followed the defeat of Napoleon I, and later the loss of the empire territories that he had gained during his reign. The rule of the House of Bourbon lasted until 1830 – though with an interruption from 20th March – 8th July 1815 during the Hundred Days War, when the French monarchy returned briefly to power.
By 1830 France had suffered a considerable economic downturn and Charles X, already an unpopular and conservative king, was facing backlash. In July 1830 wealthy liberal groups began speaking publicly against the king, which was followed by riots in Paris. As a result, the king abdicated on 30th July 1830, followed immediately by his son, and the Chamber of Deputies declared Louis-Phillipe, from the House of Orleans, as ‘King of the French’. The period is also known as the July Monarchy.
Though originally a popular king, Louis-Phillipe’s government was not, and amidst the worsening economy and deteriorating conditions of the working class, the French Revolution of 1848 broke out. Louise-Phillipe was overthrown and the Second French Republic was established. In November 1848 military leader Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte was elected as President.
Bonaparte emulated the rule of his uncle, Napoleon Bonaparte I, and the First French Empire. As President of the Republic, he staged a coup d’etat in 1851, dissolved the National Assembly and made himself Emperor, and initiated the Second French Empire.
During Napolean III’s rule, French overseas territories almost tripled.
The polity period – and the Second French Empire - ends in 1870 after a defeat at the hands of Prussia, Bonaparte’s capture, and an uprising in Paris which led to the Third French Republic.

General Variables
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Luxury Goods
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Human Sacrifice Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Napoleonic France (fr_france_napoleonic) was in:
Home NGA: None

General Variables
Identity and Location
Utm Zone:
31 N
[1816, 1870]

Original Name:
Napoleonic France
[1816, 1870]

Capital:
Paris
[1816, 1870]

Alternative Name:
Bourbon Restoration
[1816, 1870]
Alternative Name:
Kingdom of France
[1816, 1870]
Alternative Name:
Second French Republic
[1816, 1870]
Alternative Name:
Second French Empire
[1816, 1870]

Temporal Bounds
Duration:
[1816 CE ➜ 1870 CE]
 

Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Religious Tradition:
Christianity
[1816, 1870]


Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Population of the Largest Settlement:
750,000 people
1815 CE *Bad Years, polity duration: [1816, 1870]

Inhabitants.In 1815 Paris had around 750,000 inhabitants but grew to 1.5million by 1850. [1] [2]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 32. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3

[2]: Crook 2002: 45. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE

Population of the Largest Settlement:
1,500,000 people
1850 CE

Inhabitants.In 1815 Paris had around 750,000 inhabitants but grew to 1.5million by 1850. [1] [2]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 32. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3

[2]: Crook 2002: 45. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Polity Territory:
551,500 km2
1816 CE

in squared kilometers. In the mid-nineteenth century France expanded its overseas territories to include huge areas of West Africa following the start of the French conquest of Algeria, and later in Indochina and parts of the Pacific. By 1870 the overseas territories covered nearly 1million square kilometres.

Polity Territory:
1,000,000 km2
1870 CE

in squared kilometers. In the mid-nineteenth century France expanded its overseas territories to include huge areas of West Africa following the start of the French conquest of Algeria, and later in Indochina and parts of the Pacific. By 1870 the overseas territories covered nearly 1million square kilometres.


Polity Population:
30,500,000 people
1821 CE

People. The population of France grew from 30.5million in 1821 to 35.4 million in 1846. Birth rates had slowed considerably over the mid-nineteenth century and by 1870 the population had only risen to around 36million. [1] [2]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 159. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.

[2]: Crook 2002: 134, 211. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE

Polity Population:
35,400,000 people
1846 CE

People. The population of France grew from 30.5million in 1821 to 35.4 million in 1846. Birth rates had slowed considerably over the mid-nineteenth century and by 1870 the population had only risen to around 36million. [1] [2]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 159. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.

[2]: Crook 2002: 134, 211. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE

Polity Population:
36,000,000 people
1870 CE

People. The population of France grew from 30.5million in 1821 to 35.4 million in 1846. Birth rates had slowed considerably over the mid-nineteenth century and by 1870 the population had only risen to around 36million. [1] [2]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 159. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.

[2]: Crook 2002: 134, 211. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Hierarchical Complexity
Settlement Hierarchy:
6
[1816, 1870]

levels. [1] : 1. Capital and imperial city (Paris) :: 2. Major cities (Administrative and trading centres such as Bordeaux and Nantes.) ::: 3. Industrial towns (New factory towns such as Decazeville and Roubaix) :::: 4. Small Towns ::::: 5. Villages :::::: 6. Hamlets

[1]: Crook 2002: 134, 146. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Religious Level:
6
[1816, 1870]

Administrative Level:
7
[1816, 1870]

levels.Despite several changes between monarchical and republic rule, France’s administrative framework was almost completely unaltered during this period. [1] :1. Monarch/Emperor :: 2. Council of State ::: 3. Prefect / Commissioners :::: 4. Sub-prefect ::::: 5. Local councils :::::: 6. Mayors (towns and cities) ::::::: 7. Local minor authorities

[1]: Crook 2002: 57, 132. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Professions
Professional Soldier:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Professional Priesthood:
Present
[1816, 1870]

[1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 75. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE.


Professional Military Officer:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Source Of Support:
salary
[1816, 1870]

[1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 133. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Bureaucracy Characteristics
Specialized Government Building:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Government buildings were present throughout the period. [1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 45. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Merit Promotion:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Full Time Bureaucrat:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Bureaucrats and civil servants were employed across France. [1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 57, 133. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Examination System:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Law
Professional Lawyer:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Lawyers were present throughout the polity period. [1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 57. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Judge:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Judges were present throughout the period. [1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 31, 89. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Formal Legal Code:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Despite the changes between being a monarchy and a republic several times during this period the Codes of Law and judicial system were not altered. [1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 57. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Court:
Present
[1816, 1870]

The imperial courts of law were royal or republican depending on ruling polity but did not change otherwise. [1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 57. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Irrigation System:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Irrigation systems were used across France. [1]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 7, 185. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.


Food Storage Site:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Drinking Water Supply System:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Communal Building:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Inns, taverns, boarding houses, shops, cafes etc. [1] [2]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 79, 119. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.

[2]: Crook 2002: 147. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Utilitarian Public Building:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Symbolic Building:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Churches, cathedrals, abbeys etc.


Knowledge Or Information Building:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Schools, universities, libraries, archives. The number of children attending school increased from 3.3 million in 1850 to 4.7 million in 1877, with an increase of nearly one million girls attending during that period. [1]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 54. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.


Entertainment Building:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Café, cabaret, working-men’s clubs, theatres etc. [1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 147. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE.


Special Purpose House:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Boarding houses were used by a family to offer lodging and food to travellers or short-term residents. [1]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 79. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.


Transport Infrastructure
Road:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Roads were built and maintained across France. [1]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 147-150. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.


Port:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Ports were built and maintained across France. [1]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 147-150. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.


Canal:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Canals were built and maintained across France. [1]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 147-150. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.


Bridge:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Bridges were built and maintained across France. [1]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 147-150. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.


Special-purpose Sites
Mines or Quarry:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Mines, particularly coal, were present throughout France. [1]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 56, 140. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.


Trading Emporia:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Trading emporiums were present, especially along the coastal trading ports in West Africa where France held territories. [1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 191. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Special Purpose Site:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Enclosure:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Animal enclosures, palace enclosures etc.


Ceremonial Site:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Churches, cemeteries etc.


Burial Site:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Cemeteries.


Information / Writing System
Written Record:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Pamphlets, scholarly works, government records, books, newspapers, journals etc [1] [2]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 6, 357. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.

[2]: Crook 2002: 42, 147. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Script:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Phonetic Alphabetic Writing:
Present
[1816, 1870]

French alphabet.


Nonwritten Record:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Stamps, seals etc.


Non Phonetic Writing:
Absent
[1816, 1870]

Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Scientific Literature:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Scientific journals. Archaeology was popular. [1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 160. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Sacred Text:
Present
[1816, 1870]

The Bible.


Religious Literature:
Present
[1816, 1870]

As well as literature on religious matters there was a great deal of anti-clerical literature written during this period. [1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 76. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Practical Literature:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Newspapers, social theory. [1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 55, 117. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Philosophy:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Lists Tables and Classification:
Present
[1816, 1870]

History:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Writing on French history and practical history such as agriculture was popular during this period, as well as folklore and myth. [1] [2]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 6. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.

[2]: Crook 2002: 160. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Fiction:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Utopian socialist novels were popular in revolutionary France. Novels in general. Plays. [1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 55, 117. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Calendar:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Information / Money
Token:
Absent
[1816, 1870]

No mention of the use of Tokens in the sources consulted thus far.


Precious Metal:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Gold. Silver. [1]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 124. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.


Paper Currency:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Indigenous Coin:
Present
[1816, 1870]

French currency was Francs and coins were silver. [1]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 124. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.


Foreign Coin:
Absent
[1816, 1870]

France had their own currency. [1]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 124. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.


Article:
Absent
[1816, 1870]

No mention of the use of Articles in the sources consulted thus far.


Store Of Wealth:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Banks, personal hoards.


Debt And Credit Structure:
Present
[1816, 1870]

The Bank of France. By the mid-nineteenth century even rural communities had access to money-lending services. [1] [2]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 126. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.

[2]: Crook 2002: 107. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Information / Postal System
Postal Station:
Present
[1816, 1870]

A postal service was used throughout this period and by the end of the 1860s mail-order purchases could be made. [1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 57, 115. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


General Postal Service:
Present
[1816, 1870]

A postal service was used throughout this period and by the end of the 1860s mail-order purchases could be made. [1]

[1]: Crook 2002: 57, 115. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE


Courier:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Fastest Individual Communication:
0
[1816, 1870]

By 1860 the telegraph system made communication across France almost instant. [1]

[1]: Clapham 1955: 158. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.


Information / Measurement System
Weight Measurement System:
Present
[1816, 1870]

France had made the metric system of measurements and units since 1794. [1]

[1]: Cardarelli 2003: 73. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/UWS9ZN34.


Volume Measurement System:
Present
[1816, 1870]

France had made the metric system of measurements and units since 1794. [1]

[1]: Cardarelli 2003: 73. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/UWS9ZN34.


Time Measurement System:
Present
[1816, 1870]

France had made the metric system of measurements and units since 1794. [1]

[1]: Cardarelli 2003: 73. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/UWS9ZN34.


Length Measurement System:
Present
[1816, 1870]

France had made the metric system of measurements and units since 1794. [1]

[1]: Cardarelli 2003: 73. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/UWS9ZN34.


Geometrical Measurement System:
Present
[1816, 1870]

Area Measurement System:
Present
[1816, 1870]

France had made the metric system of measurements and units since 1794. [1]

[1]: Cardarelli 2003: 73. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/UWS9ZN34.



Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Luxury Goods

Human Sacrifice Data
Human Sacrifice is the deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.
Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions