This period incorporates the following polities in France:
:Bourbon Restoration II: 1815-1830
:Kingdom of France: 1830-1848
:Second French Republic: 1848-1852
:Second French Empire: 1852-1870
The Bourbon Restoration followed the defeat of Napoleon I, and later the loss of the empire territories that he had gained during his reign. The rule of the House of Bourbon lasted until 1830 – though with an interruption from 20th March – 8th July 1815 during the Hundred Days War, when the French monarchy returned briefly to power.
By 1830 France had suffered a considerable economic downturn and Charles X, already an unpopular and conservative king, was facing backlash. In July 1830 wealthy liberal groups began speaking publicly against the king, which was followed by riots in Paris. As a result, the king abdicated on 30th July 1830, followed immediately by his son, and the Chamber of Deputies declared Louis-Phillipe, from the House of Orleans, as ‘King of the French’. The period is also known as the July Monarchy.
Though originally a popular king, Louis-Phillipe’s government was not, and amidst the worsening economy and deteriorating conditions of the working class, the French Revolution of 1848 broke out. Louise-Phillipe was overthrown and the Second French Republic was established. In November 1848 military leader Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte was elected as President.
Bonaparte emulated the rule of his uncle, Napoleon Bonaparte I, and the First French Empire. As President of the Republic, he staged a coup d’etat in 1851, dissolved the National Assembly and made himself Emperor, and initiated the Second French Empire.
During Napolean III’s rule, French overseas territories almost tripled.
The polity period – and the Second French Empire - ends in 1870 after a defeat at the hands of Prussia, Bonaparte’s capture, and an uprising in Paris which led to the Third French Republic.
| 31 N |
| Napoleonic France |
| Paris |
| Bourbon Restoration | |
| Kingdom of France | |
| Second French Republic | |
| Second French Empire |
| 750,000 people | 1815 CE |
| 1,500,000 people | 1850 CE |
| 551,500 km2 | 1816 CE |
| 1,000,000 km2 | 1870 CE |
| 30,500,000 people | 1821 CE |
| 35,400,000 people | 1846 CE |
| 36,000,000 people | 1870 CE |
| Year Range | Napoleonic France (fr_france_napoleonic) was in: |
|---|
Inhabitants.In 1815 Paris had around 750,000 inhabitants but grew to 1.5million by 1850. [1] [2]
[1]: Clapham 1955: 32. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3
[2]: Crook 2002: 45. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE
in squared kilometers. In the mid-nineteenth century France expanded its overseas territories to include huge areas of West Africa following the start of the French conquest of Algeria, and later in Indochina and parts of the Pacific. By 1870 the overseas territories covered nearly 1million square kilometres.
in squared kilometers. In the mid-nineteenth century France expanded its overseas territories to include huge areas of West Africa following the start of the French conquest of Algeria, and later in Indochina and parts of the Pacific. By 1870 the overseas territories covered nearly 1million square kilometres.
People. The population of France grew from 30.5million in 1821 to 35.4 million in 1846. Birth rates had slowed considerably over the mid-nineteenth century and by 1870 the population had only risen to around 36million. [1] [2]
[1]: Clapham 1955: 159. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.
[2]: Crook 2002: 134, 211. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE
People. The population of France grew from 30.5million in 1821 to 35.4 million in 1846. Birth rates had slowed considerably over the mid-nineteenth century and by 1870 the population had only risen to around 36million. [1] [2]
[1]: Clapham 1955: 159. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.
[2]: Crook 2002: 134, 211. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE
People. The population of France grew from 30.5million in 1821 to 35.4 million in 1846. Birth rates had slowed considerably over the mid-nineteenth century and by 1870 the population had only risen to around 36million. [1] [2]
[1]: Clapham 1955: 159. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.
[2]: Crook 2002: 134, 211. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE
levels. [1] : 1. Capital and imperial city (Paris) :: 2. Major cities (Administrative and trading centres such as Bordeaux and Nantes.) ::: 3. Industrial towns (New factory towns such as Decazeville and Roubaix) :::: 4. Small Towns ::::: 5. Villages :::::: 6. Hamlets
[1]: Crook 2002: 134, 146. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE
levels.Despite several changes between monarchical and republic rule, France’s administrative framework was almost completely unaltered during this period. [1] :1. Monarch/Emperor :: 2. Council of State ::: 3. Prefect / Commissioners :::: 4. Sub-prefect ::::: 5. Local councils :::::: 6. Mayors (towns and cities) ::::::: 7. Local minor authorities
[1]: Crook 2002: 57, 132. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE
Schools, universities, libraries, archives. The number of children attending school increased from 3.3 million in 1850 to 4.7 million in 1877, with an increase of nearly one million girls attending during that period. [1]
[1]: Clapham 1955: 54. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.
Writing on French history and practical history such as agriculture was popular during this period, as well as folklore and myth. [1] [2]
[1]: Clapham 1955: 6. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.
[2]: Crook 2002: 160. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE
The Bank of France. By the mid-nineteenth century even rural communities had access to money-lending services. [1] [2]
[1]: Clapham 1955: 126. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2QKQJQM3.
[2]: Crook 2002: 107. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE