Home Region: Western Europe (Europe)

French Kingdom - Late Valois

1450 CE 1589 CE

D G SC WF R CC

EQ 2020 fr_valois_k_2 / FrValoL

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

1328 CE 1450 CE French Kingdom - Early Valois (fr_valois_k_1) [continuity]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

1589 CE 1660 CE French Kingdom - Early Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_1) [continuity]

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General Description

The Late Valois (Valois dynasty) represent the last century of Valois rule over the French Kingdom from 1450-1589 CE. The period was greatly impacted by the French Renaissance, external war against the Italians and Habsburgs, and the internal Wars of Religion. First Late Valois king Louis XI (1461-1483 CE) continued to modernize the royal government, and implemented the first royal postal service. ^[1] The French Renaissance hit its cultural peak during the rule of Frances I (1515-1547 CE) and Henry II (1547-1559 CE). Artists and scholars traveled from Italy to France, and had an immense impact on architecture, culture, and art. Urban life was transformed by Renaissance culture and the printing press. ^[2]
Calais was returned to France from England, and Burgundy, Dauphiné, Provence, and the Three Bishoprics in Lorraine were secured in this period. ^[3] ^[1] The territory of the Kingdom of France was between 400,000 and 500,000 square meters during the rule of the Late Valois. ^[4] Outside of Europe, explorer Jacques Cartier paved the way for future French colonies in Canada, and French explorers and merchants began to exploit the west African coast. ^[5]
The Valois fought the Italian Wars from 1494-1559 CE over the French crown’s claim on the kingdom of Naples. In 1519 CE, Charles V of the Spanish Habsburgs became the Holy Roman Emperor. The wars in Italy were the start of a lasting rivalry between the Habsburgs and Valois. In 1559 CE, France gave up all claims in Italy. ^[3] The last Valois kings were weakened by the Wars of Religion (Huguenot Wars) (1562-1598 CE), between the Roman Catholics and Reformed Protestants. 3 million people died in the conflict or from famine or disease during the war. ^[6]
Population and political organization
Early Valois king Charles VII’s work to modernize the French government was continued by Louis XI. The royal council became less feudal and more bureaucratic, the king was advised by professional lawyers rather than feudal vassals, and the financial and judicial functions of government were separated. ^[7] ^[1]
The disasters of the late 14th and 15th century had decimated the population of many cities and towns in France. The nation recovered by the late 15th century. ^[3] The population of the Kingdom of France during the recovery period in 1470 CE is estimated to be between 10 million and 12 million. ^[8] In 1560 CE, the population reached 20 million. ^[9]

[1]: (Haine 2000, 46) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[2]: (Haine 2000, 47) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[3]: (Jones 1999, 130) Jones, Colin. 1999. The Cambridge Illustrated History of France. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7QCEQCM6

[4]: (Potter, 1995, 4) Potter, D. 1995. A History of France, 1460-1560. The Emergence of a Nation State. Macmillan. London. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/DVCUX6RX

[5]: (Haine 2000, 48) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[6]: (Knetcht 2002, 91) Knecht, Robert J. 2002. The French Religious Wars 1562-1598. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7QCEQCM6

[7]: (Jones 1999, 123) Jones, Colin. 1999. The Cambridge Illustrated History of France. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7QCEQCM6

[8]: (Potter, 1995, 170) Potter, D. 1995. A History of France, 1460-1560. The Emergence of a Nation State. Macmillan. London. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/DVCUX6RX

[9]: (Potter, 1995, 8) Potter, D. 1995. A History of France, 1460-1560. The Emergence of a Nation State. Macmillan. London. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/DVCUX6RX

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

2 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

2 Polity Succession

2 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

4 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Non Phonetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

2 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

1 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions

8 Power Transition

Instability Events

41 Instability Event

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2) was in:
(1450 CE 1588 CE)	Paris Basin

Home NGA: Paris Basin

General Variables

Identity and Location French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	31 U	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Original Name	French Kingdom - Late Valois	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Capital	Paris	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Alternative Name	Valois dynasty	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Alternative Name	Kingdom of France	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Temporal Bounds French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	1515 CE
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Duration	[1450 CE ➜ 1589 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	none	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Succeeding Entity	French Kingdom - Early Bourbon	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Succeeding Entity 1589 CE 1660 CE	French Kingdom - Early Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_1) [continuity]
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Preceding Entity 1328 CE 1450 CE	French Kingdom - Early Valois (fr_valois_k_1) [continuity]
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Degree of Centralization	loose	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Degree of Centralization	unitary state	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Language French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Indo-European	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Language	French	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Religion French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[250,000 to 300,000] people	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Polity Territory	[400,000 to 500,000] km²	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Polity Population	[10,000,000 to 12,000,000] people	1470 CE
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Polity Population	16,000,000 people	1500 CE
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Polity Population	18,000,000 people	1515 CE
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Polity Population	20,000,000 people	1560 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	6	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Religious Level	7	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Military Level	[10 to 12]	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Administrative Level	[5 to 6]	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Professions French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Merit Promotion	Absent	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Examination System	Present Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Law French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Judge	Present Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Court	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Food Storage Site	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Transport Infrastructure French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Port	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Canal	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Bridge	Present Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Special-purpose Sites French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Information / Writing System French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Script	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Sacred Text	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Practical Literature	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Philosophy	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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History	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Fiction	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Calendar	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Information / Money French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Precious Metal	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Paper Currency	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Foreign Coin	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Article	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Information / Postal System French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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General Postal Service	Absent Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Courier	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Information / Measurement System French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Present Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Modern Fortification	Present Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Fortified Camp	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Earth Rampart	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Ditch	Present Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Complex Fortification	Present Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Long Wall	absent	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Military use of Metals French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Iron	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Copper	Present Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Bronze	Present Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Projectiles French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Absent Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Present Inferred	1450 CE 1487 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	1488 CE 1589 CE
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Sling	Absent Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Self Bow	Present Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Javelin	Absent Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Crossbow	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Composite Bow	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Atlatl	Absent	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Handheld weapons French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Sword	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Spear	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Polearm	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Dagger	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Battle Axe	Present Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Animals used in warfare French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Elephant	Absent	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Donkey	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Dog	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Camel	Absent	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Armor French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Shield	Present Inferred	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Scaled Armor	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Plate Armor	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Limb Protection	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Leather Cloth	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Laminar Armor	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Helmet	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Chainmail	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Breastplate	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Naval technology French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Unknown Suspected	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	1450 CE 1589 CE
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Human Sacrifice French Kingdom - Late Valois (fr_valois_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More