[1]: (Taylor 1992, 159) Keith W. Taylor. 1992. ’The Early Kingdoms’, in The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, Vol. I: From Early Times to c. 1800, edited by Nicholas Tarling, 137-82. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[2]: (Fletcher 2012, 300) Roland Fletcher. 2012. ’Low-Density, Agrarian-Based Urbanism: Scale, Power, and Ecology’, in The Comparative Archaeology of Complex Societies, edited by M. Smith, 285-320. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[3]: (Vickery 1986, 103) Michael Vickery. 1986. ’Some Remarks on Early State Formation in Cambodia’, in Southeast Asia in the 9th to 14th Centuries, edited by David G. Marr and A. C. Milner, 95-115. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
[4]: (Stark 2006, 146, 164) Miriam T. Stark. 2006. ’From Funan to Angkor: Collapse and Regeneration in Ancient Cambodia’, in After Collapse: The Regeneration of Complex Societies, edited by Glenn M. Schwartz and John J. Nichols, 144-67. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
[5]: (Higham 2014, 390) Charles Higham. 2014. Early Mainland Southeast Asia: From First Humans to Angkor. Bangkok: River Books.
[6]: (Higham 2014, 390-91) Charles Higham. 2014. Early Mainland Southeast Asia: From First Humans to Angkor. Bangkok: River Books.
[7]: (Higham 2001, 135-56) Charles Higham. 2001. The Civilization of Angkor. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
[8]: (Higham 2014, 391) Charles Higham. 2014. Early Mainland Southeast Asia: From First Humans to Angkor. Bangkok: River Books.
[9]: (Higham 2001, 140) Charles Higham. 2001. The Civilization of Angkor. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
[10]: (Buckley et al. 2010, 6750) Brendan M. Buckley, Kevin J. Anchukaitisa, Daniel Penny, Roland Fletcher, Edward R. Cook, Masaki Sano, Le Canh Nam, Aroonrut Wichienkeeo, Ton That Minh and Truong Mai Hong. 2010. ’Climate as a Contributing Factor in the Demise of Angkor, Cambodia’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (15): 6748-51.
[11]: (Higham 2012, 185) Charles Higham. 2012. ’Khmer Civilization and the Empire of Angkor’, in The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, edited by Brian M. Fagan, 183-86. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[12]: (Higham 2001, 8) Charles Higham. 2001. The Civilization of Angkor. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
[13]: (Kulke 1986, 14-15) Hermann Kulke. 1986. ’The Early and the Imperial Kingdom in Southeast Asian History’, in Southeast Asia in the 9th to 14th Centuries, edited by David G. Marr and A. C. Milner, 1-22. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
[14]: (Taylor 1992, 160) Keith W. Taylor. 1992. ’The Early Kingdoms’, in The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, Vol. I: From Early Times to c. 1800, edited by Nicholas Tarling, 137-82. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[15]: (Lieberman 2003, 33) Victor Lieberman. 2003. Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800‒1830, Vol. 1: Integration on the Mainland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[16]: (Hall 2011, 197) Kenneth R. Hall. 2011. A History of Early Southeast Asia: Maritime Trade and Social Development, 100-1500. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
[17]: (Stark 2006, 164) Miriam T. Stark. 2006. ’From Funan to Angkor: Collapse and Regeneration in Ancient Cambodia’, in After Collapse: The Regeneration of Complex Societies, edited by Glenn M. Schwartz and John J. Nichols, 144-67. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
[18]: (Taylor 1992, 162-63) Keith W. Taylor. 1992. ’The Early Kingdoms’, in The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, Vol. I: From Early Times to c. 1800, edited by Nicholas Tarling, 137-82. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[19]: (Evans 2016, 165) Damian Evans. 2016. ’Airborne Laser Scanning as a Method for Exploring Long-Term Socio-Ecological Dynamics in Cambodia’. Journal of Archaeological Science 74: 164-75. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2016.05.009.
[20]: (Coe 2003, 141) Michael D. Coe. 2003. Angkor and the Khmer Civilization. New York: Thames & Hudson.
[21]: (Higham 2014, 368-70) Charles Higham. 2014. Early Mainland Southeast Asia: From First Humans to Angkor. Bangkok: River Books.
[22]: (Taylor 1992, 163) Keith W. Taylor. 1992. ’The Early Kingdoms’, in The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, Vol. I: From Early Times to c. 1800, edited by Nicholas Tarling, 137-82. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[23]: (Evans et al. 2013, 12595) Damian H. Evans, Roland J. Fletcher, Christophe Pottier, Jean-Baptiste Chevance, Dominique Soutif, Boun Suy Tan, Sokrithy Im, Darith Ea, Tina Tin, Samnang Kim, Christopher Cromarty, Stéphane De Greef, Kasper Hanus, Pierre Bâty, Robert Kuszinger, Ichita Shimoda, and Glenn Boornazian. 2013. ’Uncovering Archaeological Landscapes at Angkor Using Lidar’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (31): 12595-600.
[24]: (Penny et al. 2014, 1) Dan Penny, Jean-Baptiste Chevance, David Tang, and Stéphane De Greef. 2014. ’The Environmental Impact of Cambodia’s Ancient City of Mahendraparvata (Phnom Kulen)’. PLoS ONE 9 (1): e84252.
Year Range | Late Angkor (kh_angkor_3) was in: |
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(1220 CE 1431 CE) | Cambodian Basin |
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Original Name | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Capital | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Suprapolity Relations | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Supracultural Entity | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Scale of Supracultural Interaction | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Degree of Centralization | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Population of the Largest Settlement | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Polity Territory | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Polity Population | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Settlement Hierarchy | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Religious Level | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Military Level | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Administrative Level | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Professional Soldier | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Professional Priesthood | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Professional Military Officer | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Specialized Government Building | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Merit Promotion | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Full Time Bureaucrat | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Examination System | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Professional Lawyer | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Judge | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Formal Legal Code | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Court | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Market | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Irrigation System | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Food Storage Site | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Drinking Water Supply System | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Road | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Port | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Canal | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Bridge | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Mines or Quarry | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Written Record | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Script | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Nonwritten Record | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Mnemonic Device | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Scientific Literature | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Sacred Text | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Religious Literature | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Practical Literature | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Philosophy | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Lists Tables and Classification | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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History | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Fiction | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Calendar | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Token | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Precious Metal | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Paper Currency | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Indigenous Coin | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Foreign Coin | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Article | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Postal Station | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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General Postal Service | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Courier | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Wooden Palisade | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Stone Walls Non Mortared | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Stone Walls Mortared | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Settlements in a Defensive Position | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Modern Fortification | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Moat | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Fortified Camp | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Earth Rampart | 1250 CE 1383 CE |
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Earth Rampart | 1383 CE 1432 CE |
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Ditch | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Complex Fortification | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Steel | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Iron | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Copper | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Bronze | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Tension Siege Engine | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Sling Siege Engine | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Sling | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Self Bow | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Javelin | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Handheld Firearm | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Crossbow | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Composite Bow | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Atlatl | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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War Club | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Sword | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Spear | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Polearm | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Dagger | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Battle Axe | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Horse | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
|
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Elephant | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Donkey | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Dog | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Camel | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Wood Bark Etc | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
|
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Shield | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Scaled Armor | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
|
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Plate Armor | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Limb Protection | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Leather Cloth | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Laminar Armor | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Helmet | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Chainmail | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Breastplate | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Specialized Military Vessel | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
|
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
|
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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Moralizing Enforcement is Broad | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
|
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
|
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
|
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
|
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
|
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
|
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
|
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain | 1220 CE 1432 CE |
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Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More |
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