Home Region: Mississippi Basin (North America)

Cahokia - Late Woodland I

300 CE 450 CE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 us_woodland_3 / USMisRo

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

150 BCE 300 CE Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2) [continuity]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

450 CE 600 CE Cahokia - Late Woodland II (us_woodland_4) [continuity]

General Description

2000 BCE

Period of population growth begins ^[1]

1 CE

c1 CE "large quantities of native cultigens began to be incorporated into midcontinental diets. ^[1]

100 CE

Maize appears in the archaeological record ^[2]
Atlatl is the contemporary weapon ^[2]
"periodic rituals at ceremonial mound centers" ^[2]
"groups ensured access to needed resources through maintenance of alliance-exchange relationships" ^[2]

200 CE
300 CE

Early arrowheads appear. "Beginning A.D. 300-400, the bow replaced the atlatl in most regions" ^[2]
In the Mississippian region (Midwest and Upland South) the transition from atlatl to bow was "relatively rapid because dart points disappear from the archaeological record" ^[2]
Introduction of the bow in the Mississippi region decreased social complexity because it caused the collapse of the Hopewell system, the abandonment of mound centers and alliance-exchange relationships ^[2]
Bow enabled a new bow and native crops subsistence strategy which lead to a movement to and the effective exploitation of previously marginal lands and "household autonomy" ^[2]
There followed an economic intensification and population growth which eventually "packed the landscape with settlements." ^[2]

400 CE
500 CE

"The greatest environmental hazard would have been a late summer Mississippi River flood similar to the one that took place in 1993. A rise in the river at that time of the year simultaneously drowned crops, prevented easy fishing in shallow ponds, and ruined food stored in underground pits. Floods attributable to severe storms, including excessive water funnelled into the floodplain by creeks that drain the uplands, certainly caused localized disasters much like they did a century ago before effective flood-control measures were put in place." ^[3]
"No other major site was as advantageously situated. Cahokia was located in what was by far the widest expanse of land suitable for settlement in the American Bottom. More people could live there than anywhere else ... The high ground where Cahokia was located was bordered on the north and south by large tracts of low-lying land that received the waters of different upland streams." ^[3]

[1]: (Milner, Chaplin and Zavodny 2013)

[2]: (Blitz and Porth 2013, 89-95)

[3]: (Milner 2006, 168)

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

3 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

2 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

1 Occupational Complexity

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3) was in:
(300 CE 449 CE)	Cahokia

Home NGA: Cahokia

General Variables

Identity and Location Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	15 S Expert	300 CE 450 CE
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Original Name	Cahokia - Late Woodland I Expert	300 CE 450 CE
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Alternative Name	American Bottom Expert	300 CE 450 CE
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Alternative Name	Late Woodland Expert	300 CE 450 CE
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Alternative Name	Rosewood Phase Expert	300 CE 450 CE
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Temporal Bounds Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	450 CE Expert
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Duration	[300 CE ➜ 450 CE] Expert
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Political and Cultural Relations Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	none Expert	300 CE 450 CE
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Supracultural Entity	Late Woodland Expert	300 CE 450 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Cahokia - Late Woodland II Expert	300 CE 450 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity Expert	300 CE 450 CE
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Succeeding Entity 450 CE 600 CE	Cahokia - Late Woodland II (us_woodland_4) [continuity] Expert
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Preceding Entity 150 BCE 300 CE	Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2) [continuity] Expert
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Degree of Centralization	none Expert	300 CE 450 CE
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Language Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI Expert	300 CE 450 CE
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Religion Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[30 to 50] people	300 CE 450 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	1	300 CE 450 CE
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Religious Level	- Suspected	300 CE 450 CE
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Military Level	- Suspected	300 CE 450 CE
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Administrative Level	[1 to 2]	300 CE 450 CE
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Professions Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Occupational Complexity	Uncoded Undecided	300 CE 450 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Merit Promotion	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Examination System	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Law Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Judge	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Court	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Irrigation System	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Food Storage Site	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Port	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Canal	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Bridge	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present	300 CE 450 CE
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Information / Writing System Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Script	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Sacred Text	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Religious Literature	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Practical Literature	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Philosophy	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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History	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Fiction	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Calendar	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Information / Money Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Paper Currency	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Foreign Coin	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Article	Present	300 CE 450 CE
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Information / Postal System Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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General Postal Service	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Courier	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Information / Measurement System Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Moat	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Fortified Camp	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Earth Rampart	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Ditch	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Complex Fortification	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Long Wall	absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Military use of Metals Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Iron	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Bronze	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Projectiles Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Sling	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Self Bow	Present	300 CE 450 CE
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Javelin	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Crossbow	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Composite Bow	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Atlatl	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Handheld weapons Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present	300 CE 450 CE
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Sword	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Spear	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Polearm	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Dagger	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Battle Axe	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Animals used in warfare Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Elephant	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Donkey	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Dog	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Camel	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Armor Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Shield	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Scaled Armor	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Plate Armor	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Limb Protection	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Leather Cloth	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Laminar Armor	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Helmet	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Chainmail	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Breastplate	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Naval technology Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Absent	300 CE 450 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Absent Inferred	300 CE 450 CE
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Human Sacrifice Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More