Home Region:  Mississippi Basin (North America)

Cahokia - Middle Woodland

150 BCE 300 CE
D G SC WF RG EQ 2020  us_woodland_2 / USMisMW
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
600 BCE 150 BCE Cahokia - Early Woodland (us_woodland_1)    [continuity]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.
300 CE 450 CE Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)    [continuity]


  General Description   2000 BCE

Period of population growth begins [1]

1 CE
c1 CE "large quantities of native cultigens began to be incorporated into midcontinental diets. [1]

100 CE
Maize appears in the archaeological record [2]
Atlatl is the contemporary weapon [2]
"periodic rituals at ceremonial mound centers" [2]
"groups ensured access to needed resources through maintenance of alliance-exchange relationships" [2]

200 CE
300 CE
Early arrowheads appear. "Beginning A.D. 300-400, the bow replaced the atlatl in most regions" [2]
In the Mississippian region (Midwest and Upland South) the transition from atlatl to bow was "relatively rapid because dart points disappear from the archaeological record" [2]
Introduction of the bow in the Mississippi region decreased social complexity because it caused the collapse of the Hopewell system, the abandonment of mound centers and alliance-exchange relationships [2]
Bow enabled a new bow and native crops subsistence strategy which lead to a movement to and the effective exploitation of previously marginal lands and "household autonomy" [2]
There followed an economic intensification and population growth which eventually "packed the landscape with settlements." [2]


[1]: (Milner, Chaplin and Zavodny 2013)

[2]: (Blitz and Porth 2013, 89-95)

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2) was in:
 (150 BCE 299 CE)   Cahokia
Home NGA: Cahokia
General Variables
Identity and Location Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 15 S Confident Expert 150 BCE  300 CE
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Original Name Cahokia - Middle Woodland Confident Expert 150 BCE  300 CE
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Alternative Name Middle Woodland Confident Expert 150 BCE  300 CE
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Alternative Name Hill Lake Confident Expert 150 BCE  300 CE
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Alternative Name American Bottom Confident Expert 150 BCE  300 CE
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Alternative Name Cement Hollow Confident Expert 150 BCE  300 CE
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Alternative Name Holding Confident Expert 150 BCE  300 CE
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Temporal Bounds Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Peak Years 300 CE Confident Expert
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Duration [150 BCE ➜ 300 CE] Confident Expert
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Political and Cultural Relations Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Suprapolity Relations alliance with [---] Confident Expert 150 BCE  300 CE
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Supracultural Entity Middle Woodland Confident Expert 150 BCE  300 CE
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Succeeding Entity Cahokia - Late Woodland I Confident Expert 150 BCE  300 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity continuity Confident Expert 150 BCE  300 CE
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Preceding Entity
600 BCE 150 BCE
Cahokia - Early Woodland (us_woodland_1)   [continuity]  Confident Expert
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Succeeding Entity
300 CE 450 CE
Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3)   [continuity]  Confident Expert
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Degree of Centralization none Confident Expert 150 BCE  300 CE
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Language Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI Confident Expert 150 BCE  300 CE
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Religion Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement [30 to 50] people Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Polity Population - Suspected 150 BCE  300 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy 1 Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Religious Level - Suspected 150 BCE  300 CE
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Military Level - Suspected 150 BCE  300 CE
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Administrative Level [1 to 2] Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Professions Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Professional Priesthood Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Professional Military Officer Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Occupational Complexity Uncoded Undecided 150 BCE  300 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Merit Promotion Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Examination System Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Law Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Lawyer Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Judge Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
Court Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Market Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Irrigation System Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Food Storage Site Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Road Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Port Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Canal Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Bridge Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Mines or Quarry Present Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Information / Writing System Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Script Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Sacred Text Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Religious Literature Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Practical Literature Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Philosophy Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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History Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Fiction Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Calendar Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Information / Money Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Paper Currency Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Indigenous Coin Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Foreign Coin Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Article Present Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Information / Postal System Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Postal Station Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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General Postal Service Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Courier Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Information / Measurement System Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Modern Fortification Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Moat Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Fortified Camp Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Earth Rampart Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Ditch Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Complex Fortification Unknown Suspected 150 BCE  300 CE
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Long Wall absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Military use of Metals Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Steel Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Iron Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Bronze Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Projectiles Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Sling Siege Engine Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Sling Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Self Bow Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Javelin Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Handheld Firearm Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Crossbow Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Composite Bow Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Atlatl Present Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Handheld weapons Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
War Club Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Sword Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Spear Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Polearm Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Dagger Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Battle Axe Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Animals used in warfare Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Horse Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Elephant Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Donkey Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Dog Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Camel Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Armor Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Shield Unknown Suspected 150 BCE  300 CE
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Scaled Armor Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Plate Armor Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Limb Protection Unknown Suspected 150 BCE  300 CE
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Leather Cloth Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Laminar Armor Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Helmet Unknown Suspected 150 BCE  300 CE
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Chainmail Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Breastplate Unknown Suspected 150 BCE  300 CE
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Naval technology Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Military Vessel Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service Absent Confident 150 BCE  300 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain Absent Inferred 150 BCE  300 CE
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Human Sacrifice Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
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Instability Data
Power Transitions
View all Power Transitions