Home Region: Mississippi Basin (North America)

Cahokia - Middle Woodland

150 BCE 300 CE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 us_woodland_2 / USMisMW

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

600 BCE 150 BCE Cahokia - Early Woodland (us_woodland_1) [continuity]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

300 CE 450 CE Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3) [continuity]

General Description

2000 BCE

Period of population growth begins ^[1]

1 CE

c1 CE "large quantities of native cultigens began to be incorporated into midcontinental diets. ^[1]

100 CE

Maize appears in the archaeological record ^[2]
Atlatl is the contemporary weapon ^[2]
"periodic rituals at ceremonial mound centers" ^[2]
"groups ensured access to needed resources through maintenance of alliance-exchange relationships" ^[2]

200 CE
300 CE

Early arrowheads appear. "Beginning A.D. 300-400, the bow replaced the atlatl in most regions" ^[2]
In the Mississippian region (Midwest and Upland South) the transition from atlatl to bow was "relatively rapid because dart points disappear from the archaeological record" ^[2]
Introduction of the bow in the Mississippi region decreased social complexity because it caused the collapse of the Hopewell system, the abandonment of mound centers and alliance-exchange relationships ^[2]
Bow enabled a new bow and native crops subsistence strategy which lead to a movement to and the effective exploitation of previously marginal lands and "household autonomy" ^[2]
There followed an economic intensification and population growth which eventually "packed the landscape with settlements." ^[2]

[1]: (Milner, Chaplin and Zavodny 2013)

[2]: (Blitz and Porth 2013, 89-95)

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

5 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

2 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

1 Occupational Complexity

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2) was in:
(150 BCE 299 CE)	Cahokia

Home NGA: Cahokia

General Variables

Identity and Location Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	15 S Expert	150 BCE 300 CE
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Original Name	Cahokia - Middle Woodland Expert	150 BCE 300 CE
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Alternative Name	American Bottom Expert	150 BCE 300 CE
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Alternative Name	Middle Woodland Expert	150 BCE 300 CE
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Alternative Name	Hill Lake Expert	150 BCE 300 CE
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Alternative Name	Cement Hollow Expert	150 BCE 300 CE
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Alternative Name	Holding Expert	150 BCE 300 CE
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Temporal Bounds Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	300 CE Expert
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Duration	[150 BCE ➜ 300 CE] Expert
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Political and Cultural Relations Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	alliance with [---] Expert	150 BCE 300 CE
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Supracultural Entity	Middle Woodland Expert	150 BCE 300 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Cahokia - Late Woodland I Expert	150 BCE 300 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity Expert	150 BCE 300 CE
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Preceding Entity 600 BCE 150 BCE	Cahokia - Early Woodland (us_woodland_1) [continuity] Expert
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Succeeding Entity 300 CE 450 CE	Cahokia - Late Woodland I (us_woodland_3) [continuity] Expert
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Degree of Centralization	none Expert	150 BCE 300 CE
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Language Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI Expert	150 BCE 300 CE
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Religion Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[30 to 50] people	150 BCE 300 CE
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Polity Population	- Suspected	150 BCE 300 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	1	150 BCE 300 CE
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Religious Level	- Suspected	150 BCE 300 CE
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Military Level	- Suspected	150 BCE 300 CE
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Administrative Level	[1 to 2]	150 BCE 300 CE
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Professions Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Occupational Complexity	Uncoded Undecided	150 BCE 300 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Merit Promotion	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Examination System	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Law Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Judge	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Court	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Irrigation System	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Food Storage Site	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Port	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Canal	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Bridge	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present	150 BCE 300 CE
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Information / Writing System Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Script	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Sacred Text	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Religious Literature	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Practical Literature	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Philosophy	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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History	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Fiction	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Calendar	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Information / Money Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Paper Currency	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Foreign Coin	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Article	Present	150 BCE 300 CE
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Information / Postal System Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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General Postal Service	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Courier	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Information / Measurement System Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Moat	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Fortified Camp	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Earth Rampart	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Ditch	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Complex Fortification	Unknown Suspected	150 BCE 300 CE
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Long Wall	absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Military use of Metals Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Iron	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Bronze	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Projectiles Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Sling	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Self Bow	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Javelin	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Crossbow	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Composite Bow	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Atlatl	Present	150 BCE 300 CE
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Handheld weapons Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Sword	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Spear	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Polearm	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Dagger	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Battle Axe	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Animals used in warfare Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Elephant	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Donkey	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Dog	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Camel	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Armor Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Shield	Unknown Suspected	150 BCE 300 CE
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Scaled Armor	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Plate Armor	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Limb Protection	Unknown Suspected	150 BCE 300 CE
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Leather Cloth	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Laminar Armor	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Helmet	Unknown Suspected	150 BCE 300 CE
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Chainmail	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Breastplate	Unknown Suspected	150 BCE 300 CE
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Naval technology Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Absent	150 BCE 300 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Absent Inferred	150 BCE 300 CE
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Human Sacrifice Cahokia - Middle Woodland (us_woodland_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More