Home Region: Western Europe (Europe)

Anglo-Saxon England II

927 CE 1065 CE

D G SC CC

EQ 2020 gb_anglo_saxon_2 / gb_england_k

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

410 CE 926 CE Anglo-Saxon England I (gb_anglo_saxon_1) [continuity]

[continuity; Anglo-Saxon England] [continuity] Update here

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

1066 CE 1153 CE Norman England (gb_england_norman) [elite replacement]

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General Description

The Kingdom of England was formed in 927 CE when the independent kingdoms of Wessex, Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Danelaw (the Danish occupied kingdom) and the minor kingdoms of Essex, Sussex, and Kent were finally unified as one country after under King Æthelstan, after a drawn-out process of conflict and consolidation in the preceding few centuries.
Northumbria, the northern most region of England and therefore the most susceptible to invasion by Scandinavian forces, continued to fall in and out of English and Danish rule until 954 CE when King Eadred brought it fully under English control, where it remained. At the same time, Lothian, the small area which bordered northern Northumbria, was ceded to Scotland as part of the deal.
In 1016 Cnut (Canute), the son of Swein of Denmark invaded and defeated the weak King Ethelred of England. He was invited to take up the throne of England and established a strong and united England. Despite being a Dane, he was Christian, and the English people and nobles wanted a strong ruler who would end the incessant raids from the north. He married Ethelred’s widow, Queen Emma of Normandy. Cnut was allied with the English and the Danes and brought peace to the kingdom. Cnut also became King of Denmark in 1019 and King of Norway in 1028, which along with England, formed the Great North Sea Empire under his rule. Though both of his sons succeeded his rule - Harald 1035-1040, and Harthacnut 1040-1042 - the death of the second resulted in Edward, the son of King Ethelred and Queen Emma, to be recalled from Normandy (France) to take the throne.
Anglo-Saxon monarchs then ruled a united Kingdom of England in peace until January 1066 with the death of King Edward, who had no children. A succession crisis occurred when Harold, Edward’s brother-in-law, and William, duke of Normandy, his cousin, both claimed that Edward had promised them the throne. Though Harold was crowned immediately after Edward’s death, William later invaded the south coast and defeated King Harold’s forces at the Battle of Hastings in October 1066. His succession to the English throne as William the Conqueror marked the beginning of Norman England – bringing with it new language, customs, and culture - and the end of the Anglo-Saxon period.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

1 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

3 Polity Succession

Language

Religion

1 Religious Tradition

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

1 Largest Communication Distance

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

Law

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Food Storage Site

1 Symbolic Building

1 Knowledge Or Information Building

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

1 Trading Emporia

1 Enclosure

1 Ceremonial Site

1 Burial Site

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Store Of Wealth

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

1 Fastest Individual Communication

Information / Measurement System

1 Weight Measurement System

1 Time Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

Military use of Metals

Projectiles

Handheld weapons

Animals used in warfare

Armor

Naval technology

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

1 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions

15 Power Transition

Instability Events

16 Instability Event

General Variables

Identity and Location Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	29 N	927 CE 1065 CE
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Original Name	Kingdom of England	927 CE 1065 CE
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Capital	Winchester	927 CE 1065 CE
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Alternative Name	England	927 CE 1065 CE
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Temporal Bounds Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[927 CE ➜ 1065 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Supracultural Entity	none	927 CE 1065 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Norman England	927 CE 1065 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	927 CE 1065 CE
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Succeeding Entity 1066 CE 1153 CE	Norman England (gb_england_norman) [elite replacement]
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Preceding Entity 410 CE 926 CE	Anglo-Saxon England I (gb_anglo_saxon_1) [continuity] Undecided
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Preceding Entity	continuity; Anglo-Saxon England [continuity] Update here
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Language Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Religion Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religious Tradition	Christianity	927 CE 1065 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	12,000 people	927 CE 1065 CE
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Polity Territory	130,279 km²	927 CE 1065 CE
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Polity Population	1,500,000 people	927 CE 1065 CE
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Largest Communication Distance	612	927 CE 1065 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	5	927 CE 1065 CE
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Religious Level	5	927 CE 1065 CE
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Military Level	3	927 CE 1065 CE
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Administrative Level	5	927 CE 1065 CE
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Professions Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Law Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Judge	Absent Inferred	927 CE 1065 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Court	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Food Storage Site	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Symbolic Building	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Knowledge Or Information Building	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Port	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Canal	Absent Inferred	927 CE 1065 CE
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Bridge	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Absent Inferred	927 CE 1065 CE
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Trading Emporia	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Enclosure	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Ceremonial Site	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Burial Site	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Information / Writing System Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Script	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Sacred Text	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Practical Literature	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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History	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Fiction	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Calendar	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Information / Money Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Precious Metal	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Paper Currency	Absent Inferred	927 CE 1065 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Store Of Wealth	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Information / Postal System Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Unknown Suspected	927 CE 1065 CE
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General Postal Service	Unknown Suspected	927 CE 1065 CE
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Courier	Unknown Suspected	927 CE 1065 CE
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Fastest Individual Communication	- Suspected	927 CE 1065 CE
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Information / Measurement System Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Weight Measurement System	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Time Measurement System	Present	927 CE 1065 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Military use of Metals Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Projectiles Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Handheld weapons Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Animals used in warfare Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Armor Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Naval technology Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Human Sacrifice Anglo-Saxon England II (gb_anglo_saxon_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More