Home Region:  Pakistan (South Asia)

Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic

4000 BCE 3200 BCE
D G SC WF RG EQ 2020  pk_kachi_ca / PkChalc
Preceding Entity:
No Polity found. Add one here.

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.
3200 BCE 2500 BCE Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period (pk_kachi_pre_urban)    [continuity]


  General Description   The Kachi Plain, in modern-day Pakistan, is hemmed in on two of its three sides by the mountains of Baluchistan, while its southeastern side opens up to the Indus Valley. [1] The earliest evidence for agriculture here was found in Mehrgarh and dates to 7000 BCE. The occupation of the settlement continued throughout the period under consideration here, between the 4th and the 2nd millennia BCE. In the region generally, the number of sites increased, the sites themselves became larger, and they expanded into the Indus Basin; notable sites include Periano Ghundai, Mundigak, Faiz Mohammad, Togau, and Sheri Khan Tarakai. Mehrgarh itself became an important centre for craft production, and excavations suggest increased diversity in burial rites. Agriculture remained the main economic activity in the region and oats, a new variety of barley and two new varieties of bread wheat became new staple cultivars. [2]
Population and political organization
It is not possible to give an accurate estimate of the region’s population at this time, [3] and the size of occupied Mehrgarh is uncertain, as the population shifted over time and part of the site has been cut away by the Bolan River. [4] Similarly, the literature does not provide many clues as to the political organization of Mehrgarh or any other site in the region during this period.

[1]: (Jarrige & Enault 1976, 29) Jarrige, Jean-François, and Jean-François Enault. 1976. “Fouilles de Pirak - Baluchistan.” Arts Asiatiques 32 (1): 29-70. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q32UJUPX.

[2]: (McIntosh 2008, 57-61) McIntosh, Jane. 2008. The Ancient Indus Valley. Santa Barbara; Denver; Oxford: ABC-CLIO. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/5P92SHE8.

[3]: (Possehl 1999, 472) Possehl, Gregory L. 1999. Indus Age: The Beginnings. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/IWNUD7IH.

[4]: (Jarrige 2013, 135-154) Jarrige, J.-F. 2013. Mehrgarh Neolithic. Paris: Éditions de Boccard. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/4MKZA34B.

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca) was in:
 (4000 BCE 3201 BCE)   Kachi Plain
Home NGA: Kachi Plain
General Variables
Identity and Location Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 42 R Confident Expert 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Original Name Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic Confident Expert 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Capital not applicable Confident Expert 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Alternative Name Kili Gul Mohammad Period III Confident Expert 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Alternative Name Kili Gul Mohammad Period IV Confident Expert 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Alternative Name Quetta Valley Period H Confident Expert 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Alternative Name Anjira I Confident Expert 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Alternative Name Mehrgarh III Confident Expert 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Duration [4000 BCE ➜ 3200 BCE] Confident Expert
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Political and Cultural Relations Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Suprapolity Relations none Confident Expert 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Supracultural Entity not applicable Confident Expert 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Succeeding Entity not applicable Confident Expert 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Succeeding Entity
3200 BCE 2500 BCE
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period (pk_kachi_pre_urban)   [continuity]  Confident Expert
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Degree of Centralization quasi-polity Confident Expert 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Language Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family unknown Confident Expert 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Language unknown Confident Expert 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Religion Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement [1,200 to 3,700] people Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Largest Communication Distance - Undecided 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy 2 Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Religious Level 1 Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Military Level [0 to 1] Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Administrative Level [1 to 2] Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Professions Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier Absent Inferred 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Professional Priesthood Present Inferred 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Professional Military Officer Absent Inferred 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Merit Promotion Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Examination System Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Law Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Lawyer Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Judge Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
Court Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Market Present Inferred 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Irrigation System Present Inferred 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Food Storage Site Unknown Suspected 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Drinking Water Supply System Unknown Suspected 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Road Unknown Suspected 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Port Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Canal Unknown Suspected 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Bridge Unknown Suspected 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Mines or Quarry Present Inferred 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Information / Writing System Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Script Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Nonwritten Record Unknown Suspected 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Non Phonetic Writing Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Mnemonic Device Unknown Suspected 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Sacred Text Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Religious Literature Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Practical Literature Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Philosophy Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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History Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Fiction Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Calendar Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Information / Money Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Token Present Inferred 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Precious Metal Unknown Suspected 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Paper Currency Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Indigenous Coin Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Foreign Coin Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Information / Postal System Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Postal Station Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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General Postal Service Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Courier Absent Inferred 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Information / Measurement System Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position Absent Inferred 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Modern Fortification Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Moat Unknown Suspected 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Fortified Camp Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Earth Rampart Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Ditch Unknown Suspected 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Complex Fortification Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Long Wall absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Military use of Metals Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Steel Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Iron Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Bronze Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Projectiles Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Sling Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Self Bow Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Javelin Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Handheld Firearm Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Crossbow Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Composite Bow Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Atlatl Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Handheld weapons Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
War Club Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Sword Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Spear Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Polearm Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Dagger Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Battle Axe Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Horse Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Elephant Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Donkey Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Dog Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Camel Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Armor Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc Unknown Suspected 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Shield Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Scaled Armor Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Plate Armor Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Limb Protection Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Leather Cloth Unknown Suspected 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Laminar Armor Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Helmet Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Chainmail Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Breastplate Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Naval technology Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Military Vessel Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service Absent Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad Unknown Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary Unknown Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic Unknown Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life Unknown Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward Unknown Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners Unknown Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted Unknown Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife Unknown Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites Unknown Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers Unknown Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain Unknown Confident 4000 BCE  3200 BCE
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Human Sacrifice Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic (pk_kachi_ca)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
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Instability Data
Power Transitions
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