Home Region:  New Guinea (Oceania-Australia)

Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial

1734 CE 1883 CE
EQ 2020  pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial / PgOrokE
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
[continuity; Orokaiva Tribes] [continuity]   Update here

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.
1884 CE 1942 CE Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)    [elite replacement]


  General Description  
The Northern Province of Papua New Guinea has long been inhabited by the Orokaiva. This is an umbrella term used to describe a number of culturally similar groups, including the Aiga, Binandele, Hunjara, Mambare, and Wasida. [1] Though these groups did not have an inclusive name for themselves until Westerners coined the label ’Orokaiva’, they distinguished among themselves as the river (umo-ke), saltwater (eva’embo), and inland (periho) peoples. [2] The Orokaiva were primarily subsistence farmers in the period under consideration (1734-1883 CE). [3] The first known contact with Europeans occurred in the 18th century, but the Orokaiva formally became part of a wider polity in 1888, when the British annexed the island. [3]
Population and political organization
The Orokaiva lacked central authority and hereditary leadership. The closest thing they had to leaders were big men (embo dambo) and elders, who commanded the respect of their neighbours due to their personal qualities, including their ability to make wise decisions and their skill in organizing ceremonies. However, they still lacked authorities with the power to issue sanctions. [3]
The number of Orokaiva at the time of Western contact is unknown. [3] In the early 20th century, the anthropologist Francis Edgar Williams estimated that the Orokaiva numbered around 20,000 people. [4]

[1]: (Reay 1953, 110) Reay, Marie. 1953. “Social Control amongst the Orokaiva.” Oceania 24 (2): 110-18. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/FQKM3Z7S.

[2]: (Latham and Beierle 2004) Christopher S. Latham and John Beierle. 2004. Culture Summary: Orokaiva. New Haven: HRAF. http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=oj23-000.

[3]: (Latham and Beierle 2004) Latham, Christopher S., and John Beierle. 2004. “Culture Summary: Orokaiva.” eHRAF World Cultures. http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=oj23-000. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/V2AK2FR7.

[4]: (Williams and Murray 1930, 7) Williams, Francis Edgar. 1930. Orokaiva Society. London: Humphrey Milford on behalf of Oxford University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/KUPJA2X4.

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.
Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial) was in:
 (1734 CE 1883 CE) Oro PNG
Home NGA: Oro PNG

General Variables
Identity and Location Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 55 L 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Original Name 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Capital 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Alternative Name 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Alternative Name 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Alternative Name 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Alternative Name 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Alternative Name 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Alternative Name 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Alternative Name 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Alternative Name 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Temporal Bounds Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Duration
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Political and Cultural Relations Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Suprapolity Relations 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Supracultural Entity 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Succeeding Entity 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Scale of Supracultural Interaction 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Preceding Entity
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Succeeding Entity
1884 CE 1942 CE
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Degree of Centralization 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Language Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Papuan Languages 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Language 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Religion Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Polity Territory 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Polity Population 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Largest Communication Distance 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Religious Level 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Military Level 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Administrative Level 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Professions Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Professional Priesthood 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Professional Military Officer 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Merit Promotion 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Examination System 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Law Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Lawyer 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Judge 1734 CE  1883 CE
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1734 CE  1883 CE
Court 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Market 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Irrigation System 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Food Storage Site 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Road 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Port 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Canal 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Bridge 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Mines or Quarry Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Information / Writing System Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Script 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Nonwritten Record 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Mnemonic Device 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Sacred Text 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Religious Literature 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Practical Literature 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Philosophy 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification 1734 CE  1883 CE
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History 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Fiction 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Calendar 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Information / Money Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Token 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Precious Metal 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Paper Currency 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Indigenous Coin 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Foreign Coin 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Article 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Information / Postal System Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Postal Station Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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General Postal Service Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Courier 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Fastest Individual Communication 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Information / Measurement System Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Weight Measurement System 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Volume Measurement System 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Length Measurement System 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Area Measurement System 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Modern Fortification Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Moat Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Fortified Camp Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Earth Rampart Unknown Suspected 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Ditch 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Complex Fortification Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Long Wall absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Military use of Metals Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Steel Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Iron 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Copper Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Bronze Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Projectiles Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Sling Siege Engine Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Sling 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Self Bow 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Javelin 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Handheld Firearm 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Crossbow Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Composite Bow Unknown Suspected 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Atlatl Unknown Suspected 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Handheld weapons Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
War Club 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Sword 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Spear 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Polearm Unknown Suspected 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Dagger Unknown Suspected 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Battle Axe 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Animals used in warfare Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Horse Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Elephant Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Donkey Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Dog Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Camel Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Armor Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Shield 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Scaled Armor Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Plate Armor Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Limb Protection Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Leather Cloth Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Laminar Armor Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Helmet Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Chainmail Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Breastplate Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Naval technology Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Military Vessel Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service Absent 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain 1734 CE  1883 CE
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Human Sacrifice Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Instability Data
Power Transitions