Home Region:  New Guinea (Oceania-Australia)

Orokaiva - Colonial

1884 CE 1942 CE
D G SC WF CC EQ 2020  pg_orokaiva_colonial / PgOrokL
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
1734 CE 1883 CE Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)    [elite replacement]

Succeeding Entity:
No Polity found. Add one here.


  General Description   The Northern Province of Papua New Guinea has long been inhabited by the Orokaiva. This is an umbrella term used to describe a number of culturally similar groups, including the Aiga, Binandele, Hunjara, Mambare, and Wasida. [1] Though these groups did not have an inclusive name for themselves until Westerners coined the label ’Orokaiva’, they distinguished among themselves as the river (umo-ke), saltwater (eva’embo), and inland (periho) peoples. [2] The Orokaiva were primarily subsistence farmers in the period under consideration (1884-1942 CE). [3] The first known contact with Europeans occurred in the 18th century, but the Orokaiva formally became part of a wider polity in 1888, when the British annexed the island. [3]
Population and political organization
The Orokaiva lacked central authority and hereditary leadership. The closest thing they had to leaders were big men (embo dambo) and elders, who commanded the respect of their neighbours due to their personal qualities, including their ability to make wise decisions and their skill in organizing ceremonies. However, they still lacked authorities with the power to issue sanctions. [3]
The number of Orokaiva at the time of Western contact is unknown. [3] In the early 20th century, the anthropologist Francis Edgar Williams estimated that the Orokaiva numbered around 20,000 people. [4]

[1]: (Reay 1953, 110) Reay, Marie. 1953. “Social Control amongst the Orokaiva.” Oceania 24 (2): 110-18. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/FQKM3Z7S.

[2]: (Latham and Beierle 2004) Christopher S. Latham and John Beierle. 2004. Culture Summary: Orokaiva. New Haven: HRAF. http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=oj23-000.

[3]: (Latham and Beierle 2004) Latham, Christopher S., and John Beierle. 2004. “Culture Summary: Orokaiva.” eHRAF World Cultures. http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=oj23-000. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/V2AK2FR7.

[4]: (Williams and Murray 1930, 7) Williams, Francis Edgar. 1930. Orokaiva Society. London: Humphrey Milford on behalf of Oxford University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/KUPJA2X4.

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial) was in:
 (1884 CE 1942 CE)   Oro PNG
Home NGA: Oro PNG
General Variables
Identity and Location Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 55 L Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Original Name Orokaiva - Colonial Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Capital Port Moresby Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Alternative Name Umo-Ke Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Alternative Name Eva'Embo Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Alternative Name Periho Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Alternative Name Aiga Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Alternative Name Binandere Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Alternative Name Hunjara Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Alternative Name Mambare Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Alternative Name Wasida Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Temporal Bounds Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Peak Years [1921 CE ➜ 1942 CE] Confident
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Duration [1884 CE ➜ 1942 CE] Confident
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Political and Cultural Relations Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Suprapolity Relations vassalage to [---] Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Supracultural Entity Melanesia Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Succeeding Entity Australian Territory of Papua and New Guinea Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Succeeding Entity Independent State of Papua New Guinea Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Scale of Supracultural Interaction 940,000 km2 Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity elite migration Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Preceding Entity
1734 CE 1883 CE
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial (pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial)   [elite replacement]  Confident
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Degree of Centralization loose Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Language Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Papuan Languages Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Language Orokaiva Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Religion Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement [600 to 800] people Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Polity Territory 22,800 km2 Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Polity Population 9,000 people Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy 1 Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Religious Level 2 Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Military Level 3 Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Administrative Level 2 Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Professions Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Professional Priesthood Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Professional Military Officer Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Merit Promotion Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Examination System Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Law Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Lawyer Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Judge Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
Court Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Market Present Inferred 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Irrigation System Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Food Storage Site Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Road Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Port Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Canal Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Bridge Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Mines or Quarry Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Information / Writing System Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Script Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Nonwritten Record Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Mnemonic Device Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Sacred Text Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Religious Literature Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Practical Literature Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Philosophy Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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History Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Fiction Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Calendar Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Information / Money Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Token Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Precious Metal Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Paper Currency Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Indigenous Coin Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Foreign Coin Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Article Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Information / Postal System Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Postal Station Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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General Postal Service Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Courier Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Fastest Individual Communication - Undecided 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Information / Measurement System Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Present Confident 1884 CE 1900 CE
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Wooden Palisade Present Confident Uncertain 1901 CE 1922 CE
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Wooden Palisade Absent Confident Uncertain 1901 CE 1922 CE
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Wooden Palisade Absent Confident 1923 CE 1942 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Modern Fortification Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Moat Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Fortified Camp Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Earth Rampart Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Ditch Unknown Suspected 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Complex Fortification Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Long Wall absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Military use of Metals Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Steel Present Confident Disputed 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Steel Absent Confident Disputed 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Iron Present Inferred 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Copper Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Bronze Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Projectiles Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Sling Siege Engine Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Sling Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Self Bow Unknown Suspected 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Javelin Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Handheld Firearm Present Confident Disputed 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Handheld Firearm Absent Confident Disputed 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Crossbow Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Composite Bow Unknown Suspected 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Atlatl Unknown Suspected 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Handheld weapons Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
War Club Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Sword Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Spear Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Polearm Unknown Suspected 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Dagger Unknown Suspected 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Battle Axe Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Animals used in warfare Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Horse Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Elephant Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Donkey Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Dog Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Camel Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Armor Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Shield Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Scaled Armor Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Plate Armor Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Limb Protection Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Leather Cloth Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Laminar Armor Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Helmet Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Chainmail Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Breastplate Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Naval technology Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Military Vessel Present Confident Disputed 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Specialized Military Vessel Absent Confident Disputed 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc Present Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service Absent Confident 1884 CE  1942 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Human Sacrifice Orokaiva - Colonial (pg_orokaiva_colonial)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
View all Crisis Cases
Instability Data
Power Transitions
View all Power Transitions