Home Region: South China (East Asia)

Hmong - Late Qing

1701 CE 1895 CE

D G SC WF CC

EQ 2020 cn_hmong_1 / CnHQngL

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

[continuity; Hmong - Early Qing] [continuity] Update here

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

1895 CE 1941 CE Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2) [continuity]

General Description

The Hmong are an agricultural people who have inhabited southern China for about 2000 years. ^[1] Made up of several distinct cultures, they are also known as the Miao, an insulting term that loosely translates to ’barbarians’ or ’bumpkins’. ^[2] The Qing Dynasty was marked by a series of Hmong uprisings, first in western Hunan from 1795 to 1806 CE, and then in Guizhou from 1854 to 1872. ^[1]
Population and political organization
Throughout most of Hmong history, Chinese governmental control was imposed indirectly through native headmen known as tusi, who were responsible for keeping the peace, tax collection and organizing corvée labour. ^[1] During the Republican period, the Chinese government attempted to assimilate the Hmong as much as possible and heavily discouraged displays of Hmong ethnicity. ^[1]
In 1954, the population of the Hmong was estimated at 150,000. ^[3] Secure population estimates for earlier periods are lacking but the Hmong may have numbered around 200,000 during the Qing Dynasty.

[1]: (Diamond 2009, 3) Diamond, Norma. 2009. “Culture Summary: Miao.” eHRAF World Cultures. http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=ae05-000. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Z9NGT72X.

[2]: (Fadiman 1997) Fadiman, Anne. 1997. The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

[3]: (Graham 1954, 1) Graham, David Crockett. 1954. Songs and Stories of the Ch’uan Miao. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/TWKSXKI8.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

14 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Scale of Supracultural Interaction

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

2 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

3 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Formal Legal Code

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Irrigation System

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

1 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1) was in:
(1701 CE 1895 CE)	Southern China Hills

Home NGA: Southern China Hills

General Variables

Identity and Location Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	48 R	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Original Name	Hmong - Late Qing	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Capital	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Alternative Name	A-Hmao	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Alternative Name	Big Flowery (Hmong)	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Alternative Name	Da Hua Bei (Hmong)	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Alternative Name	Da Hua (Hmong)	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Alternative Name	Diandongbei (Hmong)	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Alternative Name	Flowery (Hmong)	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Alternative Name	Great Flowery Tribe	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Alternative Name	Hua (Hmong)	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Alternative Name	Hwa (Hmong)	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Alternative Name	Northeastern Dian (Hmong)	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Alternative Name	Northeastern Yunnan (Hmong)	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Alternative Name	Ta Hwa (Hmong)	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Alternative Name	Large Flowery	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Alternative Name	‘Miao’	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Temporal Bounds Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	1790 CE
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Duration	[1701 CE ➜ 1895 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	vassalage to [---]	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Supracultural Entity	China	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Hmong - Early Chinese	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Scale of Supracultural Interaction	11,300,000 km²	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Preceding Entity	continuity; Hmong - Early Qing [continuity] Update here
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Succeeding Entity 1895 CE 1941 CE	Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2) [continuity]
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Degree of Centralization	quasi-polity	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Language Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Sino-Tibetan	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Language	Hmong-Mien	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Language	Hmongic	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Language	Chuanqiandian	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Religion Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[5,000 to 10,000] people	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Polity Territory	10,100 km²	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Polity Population	[150,000 to 200,000] people	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	2	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Religious Level	1	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Administrative Level	[2 to 4]	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Professions Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Uncoded Undecided	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Absent Inferred	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Examination System	Uncoded Undecided	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Law Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Formal Legal Code	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Irrigation System	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Bridge	Present Inferred	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Writing System Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Script	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Sacred Text	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Religious Literature	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Practical Literature	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Philosophy	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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History	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Fiction	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Calendar	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Information / Money Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Precious Metal	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Paper Currency	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Foreign Coin	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Article	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Information / Postal System Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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General Postal Service	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Information / Measurement System Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Modern Fortification	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Earth Rampart	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Ditch	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Complex Fortification	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Long Wall	absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Military use of Metals Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Present Inferred	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Iron	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Copper	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Bronze	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Projectiles Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Sling	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Self Bow	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Javelin	Absent Inferred	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Crossbow	Absent Inferred	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Composite Bow	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Atlatl	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Handheld weapons Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Sword	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Spear	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Polearm	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Dagger	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Battle Axe	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Animals used in warfare Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Elephant	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Donkey	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Dog	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Camel	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Armor Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Shield	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Scaled Armor	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Plate Armor	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Limb Protection	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Leather Cloth	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Laminar Armor	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Helmet	Present	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Chainmail	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Breastplate	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Naval technology Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Absent	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Unknown Suspected	1701 CE 1895 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Human Sacrifice Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More