Home Region:  South China (East Asia)

Hmong - Early Chinese

1895 CE 1941 CE
D G SC WF
EQ 2020  cn_hmong_2 / CnHChin
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
1701 CE 1895 CE Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)    [continuity]

Succeeding Entity:
No Polity found. Add one here.


  General Description   The Hmong are an agricultural people who have inhabited southern China for about 2000 years. [1] Made up of several distinct cultures, they are also known as the ’Miao’, an insulting term that loosely translates to ’barbarians’ or ’bumpkins’. [2] The Qing Dynasty was marked by a series of Hmong uprisings, first in western Hunan from 1795 to 1806 CE, and then in Guizhou from 1854 to 1872. [1]
Population and political organization
Throughout most of Hmong history, Chinese governmental control was imposed indirectly through native headmen known as tusi, who were responsible for keeping the peace, tax collection and organizing corvée labour. [1] During the Republican period, the Chinese government attempted to assimilate the Hmong as much as possible and heavily discouraged displays of Hmong ethnicity. [1]
In 1954, the population of the Hmong was estimated at 150,000. [3] Secure population estimates for earlier periods are lacking but the Hmong may have numbered around 200,000 during the Qing Dynasty.

[1]: (Diamond 2009, 3) Diamond, Norma. 2009. “Culture Summary: Miao.” eHRAF World Cultures. http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=ae05-000. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Z9NGT72X.

[2]: (Fadiman 1997) Fadiman, Anne. 1997. The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

[3]: (Graham 1954, 1) Graham, David Crockett. 1954. Songs and Stories of the Ch’uan Miao. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/TWKSXKI8.

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2) was in:
 (1896 CE 1941 CE)   Southern China Hills
Home NGA: Southern China Hills
General Variables
Identity and Location Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 48 R Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Original Name Hmong - Early Chinese Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Capital Nanjing Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Alternative Name Hmu Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Alternative Name Qo Xiong Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Alternative Name A-Hmao Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Alternative Name Hmong Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Alternative Name Bai Miao (White) Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Alternative Name Cowrie Shell Miao Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Alternative Name Hei Miao (Black) Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Alternative Name Hua Miao (Flowery) Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Alternative Name Hung Miao (Red) Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Alternative Name Magpie Miao Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Alternative Name Qing Miao (Blue/Green) Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Temporal Bounds Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Duration [1895 CE ➜ 1941 CE] Confident
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Political and Cultural Relations Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Suprapolity Relations none Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Supracultural Entity East Asia Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Succeeding Entity Peoples Republic of China Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Scale of Supracultural Interaction 11,839,074 km2 Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity continuity Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Preceding Entity
1701 CE 1895 CE
Hmong - Late Qing (cn_hmong_1)   [continuity]  Confident
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Degree of Centralization unitary state Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Language Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Sino-Tibetan Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Language Xiangxi Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Language Qiandong Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Language Chuanqiandian Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Religion Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement - Undecided 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Polity Territory - Undecided 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Polity Population - Undecided 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Largest Communication Distance - Undecided 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy 1 Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Religious Level 1 Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Military Level 2 Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Administrative Level 2 Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Professions Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Professional Priesthood Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Professional Military Officer Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building Uncoded Undecided 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Merit Promotion Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Examination System Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Law Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Lawyer Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Judge Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
Court Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Market Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Irrigation System Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Food Storage Site Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Road Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Port Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Canal Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Bridge Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Mines or Quarry Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Information / Writing System Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Absent Inferred 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Script Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Absent Inferred 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Nonwritten Record Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Mnemonic Device Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Sacred Text Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Religious Literature Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Practical Literature Absent Inferred 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Philosophy Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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History Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Fiction Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Calendar Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Information / Money Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Token Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Precious Metal Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Paper Currency Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Indigenous Coin Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Foreign Coin Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Article Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Information / Postal System Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Postal Station Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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General Postal Service Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Courier Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Fastest Individual Communication - Undecided 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Information / Measurement System Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Present Inferred 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared Present Inferred 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared Absent Inferred 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Modern Fortification Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Moat Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Fortified Camp Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Earth Rampart Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Ditch Present Inferred 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Complex Fortification Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Long Wall unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Military use of Metals Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Steel Present Inferred 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Iron Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Copper Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Bronze Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Projectiles Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Sling Siege Engine Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Sling Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Self Bow Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Javelin Absent Inferred 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Handheld Firearm Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Crossbow Absent Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Composite Bow Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Atlatl Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Handheld weapons Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
War Club Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Sword Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Spear Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Polearm Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Dagger Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Battle Axe Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Animals used in warfare Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Horse Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Elephant Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Donkey Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Dog Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Camel Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Armor Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Shield Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Scaled Armor Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Plate Armor Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Limb Protection Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Leather Cloth Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Laminar Armor Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Helmet Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Chainmail Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Breastplate Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Naval technology Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Military Vessel Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc Present Confident 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service Unknown Suspected 1895 CE  1941 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Human Sacrifice Hmong - Early Chinese (cn_hmong_2)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
View all Crisis Cases
Instability Data
Power Transitions
View all Power Transitions