Home Region: Maritime Southeast Asia (Southeast Asia)

Majapahit Kingdom

1292 CE 1518 CE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 id_majapahit_k / IdMajap

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General Description

The kingdom of Majapahit covered much of the eastern half of the island of Java; it was founded in the late thirteenth century, when the war between king Waijaya and the ruler of Kediri concluded with the latter’s loss, and it gradually faded from relevance between the end of the fifteenth century and the middle of the sixteenth, as the Sultanate of Demak established its control over the main sea trade routes. ^[1] Majapahit experienced its apogee under the rule of Hayam Wuruk, also known as Rajasanagara (1350-1389): during this time, the polity extended its sovereignty over the greater part of the Indonesian archipelago, as well much of the Malay peninsula. ^[2]
Population and political organization
Majapahit’s king was assisted by a hierarchy of bureaucrats which reached down to the village level. ^[3] Indeed, Majapahit was more centralized than preceding Indonesian polities, collecting revenue and products directly from its peripheries, as opposed to simply receiving them as tribute. ^[4]
Majapahit’s population has been estimated to around 5 million, ^[5] , with a capital of about 200,000 inhabitants. ^[6]

[1]: (Sedwayati in Ooi 2004 (b), 823-284)

[2]: (Coedès 1968, 239-240)

[3]: (Kinney 2003, 49)

[4]: (Hall in Tarling 1993)

[5]: (Christie 1991, 29)

[6]: (Miksic 2000, 116)

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

1 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

1 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

2 Linguistic Family

2 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

1 Occupational Complexity

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Drinking Water Supply System

1 Knowledge Or Information Building

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

1 Debt And Credit Structure

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

1 Weight Measurement System

1 Volume Measurement System

1 Length Measurement System

1 Geometrical Measurement System

1 Area Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions

11 Power Transition

Instability Events

12 Instability Event

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k) was in:
(1291 CE 1518 CE)	Central Java

Home NGA: Central Java

General Variables

Identity and Location Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	49 M	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Original Name	Majapahit Kingdom	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Capital	Trowulan	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Alternative Name	Wilwatikta	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Temporal Bounds Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	1389 CE
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Duration	[1292 CE ➜ 1518 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Supracultural Entity	uncoded Undecided	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Demak Sultanate	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	elite migration	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Preceding Entity	elite migration; Singhasari Kingdom [elite replacement] Update here
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Degree of Centralization	loose	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Language Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Indo-European	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Linguistic Family	Austronesian	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Language	Middle Javanese	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Language	Sanskrit	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Religion Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[100,000 to 200,000] people	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Polity Territory	500,000 km²	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Polity Population	5,000,000 people	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	3	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Religious Level	3	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Military Level	5	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Administrative Level	[4 to 5]	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Professions Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Occupational Complexity	Uncoded Undecided	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present Inferred	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Merit Promotion	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Examination System	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Law Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Judge	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Court	Present Inferred	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Knowledge Or Information Building	Uncoded Undecided	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Port	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Canal	Present Inferred	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Bridge	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Writing System Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Script	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Uncoded Undecided	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Practical Literature	Uncoded Undecided	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Philosophy	Uncoded Undecided	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Uncoded Undecided	1292 CE 1518 CE
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History	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Fiction	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Calendar	Uncoded Undecided	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Information / Money Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Uncoded Undecided	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Precious Metal	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Foreign Coin	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Article	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Debt And Credit Structure	Uncoded Undecided	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Information / Postal System Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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General Postal Service	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Courier	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Information / Measurement System Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Weight Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Volume Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Length Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Geometrical Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Area Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Present Inferred	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Modern Fortification	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Earth Rampart	Present Inferred	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Ditch	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Complex Fortification	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Long Wall	absent	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Military use of Metals Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Iron	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Copper	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Bronze	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Projectiles Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Sling	Absent Inferred	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Self Bow	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Javelin	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Crossbow	Absent Inferred	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Composite Bow	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Atlatl	Absent	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Handheld weapons Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Sword	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Spear	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Polearm	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Dagger	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Battle Axe	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Animals used in warfare Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Elephant	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Donkey	Absent	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Dog	Absent	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Camel	Absent	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Armor Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Present Inferred	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Shield	Present Inferred	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Scaled Armor	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Plate Armor	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Limb Protection	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Leather Cloth	Present Inferred	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Laminar Armor	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Helmet	Present Inferred	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Chainmail	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Breastplate	Unknown Suspected	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Naval technology Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	1292 CE 1518 CE
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Human Sacrifice Majapahit Kingdom (id_majapahit_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More