Home Region: Western Europe (Europe)

Plantagenet England

1154 CE 1485 CE

D G SC R CC

EQ 2020 gb_england_plantagenet

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

1066 CE 1153 CE Norman England (gb_england_norman) [continuity]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

1486 CE 1689 CE England Tudor-Stuart (gb_tudor_stuart) [None]

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General Description

The Plantagenet Dynasty originated from a powerful aristocratic family from Anjou in France. Geoffrey, count of Anjou (from 1129) and duke of Normandy (from 1144), was the patrilineal ancestor of the Plantagenet kings through his marriage to Empress Matilda, the daughter of King Henry I of England. The nickname ‘plantagenet’ allegedly comes from the yellow flower planta genista that Geoffrey wore in his hat.
Though the monarch still had ultimate power in the kingdom, the period of Plantagenet England saw a move away from absolute monarchy. A series of conflicts with the powerful barons and the church led to the signing of the Magna Carta by King John in 1215; a treaty between the king and the barons with compromises on both sides, neither of which were adhered to, which led to a series of civil wars known as the Barons’ Wars in the thirteenth century.
The Hundred Years’ War with France (1337-1453) originated from a dispute over the French throne between the Plantagenets and the French House of Valois. There were three phases of the war separated by truces, but ultimately the Plantagenets were defeated and reneged their claim.
During this period a distinct English identity was shaped, which is still recognisable today. This was partly due to ongoing conflicts with their surrounding neighbours on the isle, the Scots, Welsh and Irish, but also with their distancing from relations with France. The English language was solidified and became the primary language of the country, eschewing the French and Latin languages which had also commonly been used. Through military campaigns, Wales was brought under English rule. The basis of English law and government administration also has its roots in this period. Despite the economic and demographic expansion of England in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, famines and the Black Death of the early fourteenth century curbed England’s growth.
The rivalry between the two main cadet branches of the Plantagenet dynasty – Lancaster and York – led to the War of the Roses (1455-1487). Elite in-fighting, civil war and succession struggles resulted in the male lines of both dynasties becoming almost extinct. This left open an opportunity for Henry Tudor (of the Beaufort family branch) to push his tenuous claim to the throne by defeating and killing Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. He assumed the throne as Henry VII and married Elizabeth of York (the daughter of former king, Edward IV). Through this marriage alliance the Plantagenet dynasty ended, and the period of Tudor England began.
^[1] ^[2]

[1]: (Prestwich 2005) Prestwich, Michael. 2005. Plantagenet England 1225-1360. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/XTBKFDCI

[2]: (Ormrod 2000) Ormrod, W. ‘England: Edward II and Edward III’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 6: C.1300–c.1415, ed. Michael Jones, vol. 6, The New Cambridge Medieval History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 271–96, https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362900.014. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/Y46E5QCH

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

1 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

2 Polity Succession

Language

Religion

1 Religious Tradition

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

2 Polity Population

1 Largest Communication Distance

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

2 Source Of Support

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

1 Communal Building

1 Utilitarian Public Building

1 Symbolic Building

1 Knowledge Or Information Building

1 Entertainment Building

1 Special Purpose House

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

1 Trading Emporia

1 Enclosure

1 Ceremonial Site

1 Burial Site

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

1 Mnemonic Device

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

1 Store Of Wealth

1 Debt And Credit Structure

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

1 Fastest Individual Communication

Information / Measurement System

1 Weight Measurement System

1 Volume Measurement System

1 Time Measurement System

1 Length Measurement System

1 Geometrical Measurement System

1 Area Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

Military use of Metals

Projectiles

Handheld weapons

Animals used in warfare

Armor

Naval technology

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

1 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions

17 Power Transition

Instability Events

97 Instability Event

General Variables

Identity and Location Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	29 N	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Original Name	Plantagenet England	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Capital	London	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Alternative Name	England	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Temporal Bounds Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[1154 CE ➜ 1485 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Supracultural Entity	none	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Early Modern England	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Preceding Entity 1066 CE 1153 CE	Norman England (gb_england_norman) [continuity]
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Succeeding Entity 1486 CE 1689 CE	England Tudor-Stuart (gb_tudor_stuart) [None]
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Language Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Religion Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religious Tradition	Christianity	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	70,000 people	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Polity Territory	130,279 km²	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Polity Population	5,000,000 people	1300 CE
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Polity Population	3,500,000 people	1350 CE
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Largest Communication Distance	650	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	4	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Religious Level	7	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Military Level	11	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Administrative Level	6	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Professions Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Source Of Support	state salary	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Source Of Support	land	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Merit Promotion	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Law Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Unknown Suspected	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Judge	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Court	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Irrigation System	Unknown Suspected	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Food Storage Site	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Communal Building	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Utilitarian Public Building	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Symbolic Building	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Knowledge Or Information Building	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Entertainment Building	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Special Purpose House	Present Inferred	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Port	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Canal	Absent Inferred	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Bridge	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Trading Emporia	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Enclosure	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Ceremonial Site	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Burial Site	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Information / Writing System Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Script	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Mnemonic Device	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Sacred Text	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Practical Literature	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Philosophy	Unknown Suspected	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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History	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Fiction	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Calendar	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Information / Money Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Absent Inferred	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Precious Metal	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Paper Currency	Absent	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Foreign Coin	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Article	Absent Inferred	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Store Of Wealth	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Debt And Credit Structure	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Information / Postal System Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Absent	1154 CE 1485 CE
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General Postal Service	Absent	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Courier	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Fastest Individual Communication	- Suspected	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Information / Measurement System Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Weight Measurement System	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Volume Measurement System	Unknown Suspected	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Time Measurement System	Transitional (Absent -> Present)	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Length Measurement System	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Geometrical Measurement System	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Area Measurement System	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Military use of Metals Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Projectiles Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Handheld weapons Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Animals used in warfare Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Armor Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Naval technology Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	1154 CE 1485 CE
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Human Sacrifice Plantagenet England (gb_england_plantagenet)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More