[1]: (Zayzafoon 2005, 139) Lamia Ben Youssef Zayzafoon. 2005. The Production of the Muslim Woman: Negotiating Text, History, and Ideology. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
[2]: (Uttridge and Spilling, eds. 2014, 186) S. Uttridge and M. Spilling, eds. 2014. The Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare. London: Amber Books.
[3]: (Schwartzwald 2015, 24) Jack L. Schwartzwald. 2016. The Collapse and Recovery of Europe, AD 476-1648. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company.
[4]: (Kennedy 2001, 164) Hugh N. Kennedy. 2001. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London: Routledge.
[5]: (Esposito, ed. 2003, 699) John L. Esposito, ed. 2003. The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[6]: (Starr 2013, xxxii) S. Frederick Starr. 2013. Lost Enlightenment: Central Asia’s Golden Age from the Arab Conquest to Tamerlane. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
[7]: (Lapidus 2002, 53-54) Ira M. Lapidus. 2002. A History of Islamic Societies. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[8]: (Lapidus 2012, 106) Ira M. Lapidus. 2012. Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[9]: (Kennedy 2001, 60-66) Hugh N. Kennedy. 2001. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London: Routledge.
[10]: (Lapidus 2012, 250) Ira M. Lapidus. 2012. Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[11]: (Kennedy 2001, 21) Hugh N. Kennedy. 2001. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London: Routledge.
[12]: (Lapidus 2002, 61) Ira M. Lapidus. 2002. A History of Islamic Societies. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[13]: (Zubaida 2005, 74-84) Sami Zubaida. 2005. Law and Power in the Islamic World. London: I. B. Tauris.
[14]: (Pickard 2013, 431) John Pickard. 2013. Behind the Myths: The Foundations of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse.
[15]: (Bennison 2009, 180) Amira K. Bennison. 2009. The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the Abbasid Empire. London: I. B. Tauris.
[16]: (Lambton 2011) Ann K. S. Lambton. 2011. ’Cities iii: Administration and Social Organization’, in Encyclopedia Iranica V/6, 607-23; an updated version is available online at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cities-iii (accessed 2 April 2017).
[17]: Christopher Chase-Dunn 2001, personal communication.
[18]: (Blankinship 1994, 37-38) Khalid Y. Blankinship. 1994. The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn ’Abd Al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
| Year Range | Abbasid Caliphate I (iq_abbasid_cal_1) was in: |
|---|---|
| (750 CE 751 CE) | Upper Egypt / Southern Mesopotamia / Susiana / Sogdiana / Kachi Plain |
| (751 CE 861 CE) | Upper Egypt / Southern Mesopotamia / Susiana / Yemeni Coastal Plain / Sogdiana / Kachi Plain |
| (861 CE 867 CE) | Upper Egypt / Southern Mesopotamia / Susiana / Yemeni Coastal Plain / Sogdiana |
| (867 CE 868 CE) | Southern Mesopotamia / Susiana / Yemeni Coastal Plain / Sogdiana |
| (868 CE 875 CE) | Southern Mesopotamia / Susiana / Sogdiana |
| (875 CE 946 CE) | Southern Mesopotamia / Susiana |
| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Capital | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Capital | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Capital | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Capital | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Capital | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Capital | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Alternative Name | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Alternative Name | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Alternative Name | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
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| Suprapolity Relations | 822 CE 1037 CE |
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| Supracultural Entity | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Scale of Supracultural Interaction | 750 CE 946 CE |
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Succeeding Entity
932 CE 1062 CE
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819 CE 999 CE
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Succeeding Entity
868 CE 969 CE
|
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909 CE 1171 CE
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| Degree of Centralization | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Degree of Centralization | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population of the Largest Settlement | 800 CE |
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| Population of the Largest Settlement | 900 CE |
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| Population of the Largest Settlement | 900 CE |
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| Polity Territory | 800 CE |
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| Polity Territory | 900 CE |
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| Polity Population | 800 CE |
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| Polity Population | 900 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Settlement Hierarchy | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Religious Level | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Military Level | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Administrative Level | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specialized Government Building | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Merit Promotion | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Merit Promotion | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Full Time Bureaucrat | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Examination System | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Professional Lawyer | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Judge | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Judge | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Formal Legal Code | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Court | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Market | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Irrigation System | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Food Storage Site | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Drinking Water Supply System | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Road | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Port | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Canal | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Bridge | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Written Record | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Script | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Phonetic Alphabetic Writing | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Nonwritten Record | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Mnemonic Device | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scientific Literature | 750 CE 946 CE |
|
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| Sacred Text | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Religious Literature | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Practical Literature | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Philosophy | 750 CE 946 CE |
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|
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| Lists Tables and Classification | 750 CE 946 CE |
|
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|
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| History | 750 CE 946 CE |
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|
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| Fiction | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Calendar | 750 CE 946 CE |
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|
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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| Indigenous Coin | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Foreign Coin | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Postal Station | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| General Postal Service | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Courier | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More |
|---|
| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wooden Palisade | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Stone Walls Mortared | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Moat | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Earth Rampart | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Ditch | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Complex Fortification | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tension Siege Engine | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Sling Siege Engine | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Sling | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Self Bow | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Javelin | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Handheld Firearm | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Gunpowder Siege Artillery | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Crossbow | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Composite Bow | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Atlatl | 750 CE 946 CE |
|
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| War Club | 750 CE 946 CE |
|
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| Sword | 750 CE 946 CE |
|
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| Spear | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Polearm | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Dagger | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Horse | 750 CE 946 CE |
|
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| Elephant | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Donkey | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Camel | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wood Bark Etc | 750 CE 946 CE |
|
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| Shield | 750 CE 946 CE |
|
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| Scaled Armor | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Plate Armor | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Limb Protection | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Leather Cloth | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Laminar Armor | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Helmet | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Chainmail | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Breastplate | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specialized Military Vessel | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Small Vessels Canoes Etc | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moralizing Enforcement is Broad | 750 CE 946 CE |
|
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| Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary | 750 CE 946 CE |
|
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic | 750 CE 946 CE |
|
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| Moralizing Enforcement in This Life | 750 CE 946 CE |
|
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| Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Certain | 750 CE 946 CE |
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| Variable | Coded Value / Certainty Tags | Year(s) | See More |
|---|