Home Region: Iran (Southwest Asia)

Buyid Confederation

932 CE 1062 CE

D G SC WF R CC

EQ 2020 ir_buyid_confederation / IrBuyid

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

750 CE 946 CE Abbasid Caliphate I (iq_abbasid_cal_1) [elite replacement]

Succeeding Entity:

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General Description

The Buyid dynasty originated from Shahrud Valley in northwestern Iran. Ali b. Buya, a soldier in the Abbasid state, began taking territory by forced after being removed from his position as administrator of Karaj. By 934 CE, he had reached Fars. ^[1] In 945 CE the Buyids claimed Baghdad and Basra creating for themselves a stable base of power in Mesopotamia. ^[2]
The Buyid ruler was known as an amir or shahanshah, the latter "more a recognition of seniority within the family than an office with authority". ^[3] The Buyids were essentially a provincial military aristocracy with an army composed partly of Daylamite infantry and slave Turkish cavalry. The regiments of the Buyid Princes often fought one another while the central government increasingly became ineffectual. "The Buyid state was divided into several appanages, of which Shiraz and Baghdad were the most important, each held by a different member of the family." ^[4]
In theory the Buyid amirs were governors under the Abbasid caliph who remained in Baghdad with powers to appoint religious officials, ^[5] and continued to be symbolically important (in Iraq) appearing on coinage and grants of land. Although Baghdad was the most important political, economic and religious center, whose amir’s chief secretary of the bureaucracy was formally granted the title of vizier ^[6] , Fars was the heartland of the empire, with all civil servants being drawn from there. ^[7] The Buyids replaced previous established bureaucratic families with Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians.
The Buyids paid their military using iqta holdings whereby "in lieu of salary an amir would be granted the right to collect the taxes of a given area. An iqta could thus vary in size from a whole province to much smaller subdivision, to a single town or village." However, "Under the Buyids, this system was widely credited with economic disaster, as absentee amirs sought to reap the swiftest possible profits before their iqta was removed them." ^[8]

[1]: (Busse 1975, 253-254) H Busse. 1975. Iran under the Buyids. In Frye, R. N. (ed.) The Cambridge History of Iran. Volume 4. The period from the Arab Invasion to the Saljuq’s. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.253-4

[2]: (Donohue 2003, 2-11) J J Donohue. 2003. The Buwayhid Dynasty in Iraq 334H./945 to 403H./1012. Leiden: Brill. p. 2-11

[3]: (Kennedy 2004) Hugh N Kennedy. 2004. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates. Second edition. Pearson Longman. Harlow.

[4]: (Peacock 2015, 43) A C S Peacock. 2015. The Great Seljuk Empire. Edinburgh University Press Ltd. Edinburgh

[5]: (Kennedy 2004, 216) Hugh N Kennedy. 2004. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates. Second edition. Pearson Longman. Harlow.

[6]: (Donohue 2003, 140) John J Donohue. 2003. The Buwayhid Dynasty in Iraq. BRILL

[7]: (Busse 1975, 271) H Busse. 1975. Iran under the Būyids. In Frye, R. N. (ed.) The Cambridge History of Iran. Volume 4. The period from the Arab Invasion to the Saljuq’s. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.271

[8]: (Peacock 2015, 79) A C S Peacock. 2015. Edinburgh University Press Ltd. Edinburgh.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

3 Capital

6 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Scale of Supracultural Interaction

2 Relationship to preceding Entity

1 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

2 Linguistic Family

2 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

2 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

1 Mnemonic Device

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

1 Fastest Individual Communication

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

1 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions

4 Power Transition

Instability Events

35 Instability Event

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation) was in:
(947 CE 1055 CE)	Southern Mesopotamia / Susiana

Home NGA: Susiana

General Variables

Identity and Location Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	38 S	932 CE 1062 CE
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Original Name	Buyid Confederation	932 CE 1062 CE
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Capital	Baghdad	932 CE 1062 CE
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Capital	Shiraz	932 CE 1062 CE
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Capital	Isfahan	932 CE 1062 CE
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Alternative Name	Buwayhids	932 CE 1062 CE
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Alternative Name	Buyid Dynasty	932 CE 1062 CE
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Alternative Name	Daylam State	932 CE 1062 CE
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Alternative Name	Dailamites	932 CE 1062 CE
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Alternative Name	Reign of the Daylam	932 CE 1062 CE
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Alternative Name	Dawlat al-Daylam	932 CE 1062 CE
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Temporal Bounds Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	983 CE
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Duration	[932 CE ➜ 1062 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	alliance with [---]	932 CE 1062 CE
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Supracultural Entity	Perso-Islamic	932 CE 1062 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Seljuk Empire	932 CE 1062 CE
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Scale of Supracultural Interaction	[3,000,000 to 3,500,000] km²	932 CE 1062 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	932 CE 1062 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	elite migration	932 CE 1062 CE
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Preceding Entity 750 CE 946 CE	Abbasid Caliphate I (iq_abbasid_cal_1) [elite replacement]
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Degree of Centralization	confederated state	932 CE 1062 CE
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Language Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Indo-European	932 CE 1062 CE
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Linguistic Family	Afro-Asiatic	932 CE 1062 CE
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Language	Persian	932 CE 1062 CE
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Language	Arabic	932 CE 1062 CE
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Religion Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[500,000 to 900,000] people	950 CE
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Population of the Largest Settlement	125,000 people	1000 CE
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Polity Territory	900,000 km²	932 CE 1062 CE
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Polity Population	[4,500,000 to 5,500,000] people	932 CE 1062 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	[4 to 5]	932 CE 1062 CE
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Religious Level	3	932 CE 1062 CE
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Military Level	8	932 CE 1062 CE
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Administrative Level	5	932 CE 1062 CE
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Professions Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Merit Promotion	Absent Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Law Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Present Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Judge	Absent Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Court	Present Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Food Storage Site	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Port	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Canal	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Bridge	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Information / Writing System Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Script	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	932 CE 1062 CE
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Mnemonic Device	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Sacred Text	Present Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Practical Literature	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Philosophy	Present Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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History	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Fiction	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Calendar	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Information / Money Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Precious Metal	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Paper Currency	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Foreign Coin	Absent Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Article	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Information / Postal System Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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General Postal Service	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Courier	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Fastest Individual Communication	- Undecided	932 CE 1062 CE
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Information / Measurement System Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Present Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	932 CE 1062 CE
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Moat	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Earth Rampart	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Ditch	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Complex Fortification	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Military use of Metals Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Iron	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Copper	Present Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Bronze	Present Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Projectiles Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Sling	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Self Bow	Absent Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Javelin	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	932 CE 1062 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	932 CE 1062 CE
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Crossbow	Present Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Composite Bow	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Atlatl	Absent	932 CE 1062 CE
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Handheld weapons Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Sword	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Spear	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Polearm	Present Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Dagger	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Battle Axe	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Animals used in warfare Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Elephant	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Donkey	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Dog	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Camel	Present Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Armor Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Shield	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Scaled Armor	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Plate Armor	Absent Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Limb Protection	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Leather Cloth	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Laminar Armor	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Helmet	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Chainmail	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Breastplate	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Naval technology Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Present Inferred	932 CE 1062 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Unknown Suspected	932 CE 1062 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	932 CE 1062 CE
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Human Sacrifice Buyid Confederation (ir_buyid_confederation)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More