Home Region: Mongolia (Central and Northern Eurasia)

Uigur Khaganate

745 CE 840 CE

D G SC WF R CC

EQ 2020 mn_uygur_khaganate / MnUigur

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

682 CE 744 CE Second Turk Khaganate (mn_turk_khaganate_2) [continuity]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

907 CE 1125 CE Khitan I (mn_khitan_1) [absorption]

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General Description

The Orkhon Valley lies either side of the Orkhon River, in north-central Mongolia. Between the 740s and the 840s, this region was controlled by the Uighur khaganate, notably one of only two polities ever to adopt Manichaeism as the official state cult. ^[1] The Uighur khaganate was relatively centralized, and included a tax collection system, but leaders often served both civil and military functions, and local rulers often enjoyed considerable autonomy. ^[2]
No population estimates specific to this polity could be found in the literature, though, according to McEvedy and Jones, at that time Mongolia and Siberia together likely had a population of no more than 500,000. ^[3]

[1]: Werner Sundermann, "MANICHEISM i. GENERAL SURVEY," Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2009, available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/manicheism-1-general-survey (accessed on 25 August 2016).

[2]: (Rogers 2012, 226)

[3]: (McEvedy and Jones 1978) McEvedy, Colin. Jones, Richard. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Penguin Books Ltd. London.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

3 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

2 Suprapolity Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

2 Relationship to preceding Entity

2 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

1 Religion Genus

1 Alternate Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

1 Mnemonic Device

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

1 Weight Measurement System

1 Volume Measurement System

1 Time Measurement System

1 Length Measurement System

1 Geometrical Measurement System

1 Area Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

1 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate) was in:
(745 CE 840 CE)	Orkhon Valley

Home NGA: Orkhon Valley

General Variables

Identity and Location Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	48 T	745 CE 840 CE
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Original Name	Uigur Khaganate	745 CE 840 CE
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Capital	Ordu Balik	745 CE 840 CE
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Alternative Name	Uighur Empire	745 CE 840 CE
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Alternative Name	Uygur	745 CE 840 CE
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Alternative Name	Uyghur	745 CE 840 CE
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Temporal Bounds Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[745 CE ➜ 840 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	alliance with [---]	745 CE 840 CE
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Suprapolity Relations	personal union with [---]	745 CE 840 CE
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Supracultural Entity	Turko-Sogdian	745 CE 840 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Khitan Empire	745 CE 840 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	elite migration	745 CE 840 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	745 CE 840 CE
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Preceding Entity 682 CE 744 CE	Second Turk Khaganate (mn_turk_khaganate_2) [continuity]
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Succeeding Entity 907 CE 1125 CE	Khitan I (mn_khitan_1) [absorption]
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Degree of Centralization	confederated state	745 CE 840 CE
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Language Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Oghuz	745 CE 840 CE
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Language	Old Turkic	745 CE 840 CE
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Religion Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religion Genus	Manichaeism	745 CE 840 CE
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Alternate Religion	Uncoded Undecided	745 CE 840 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	- Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Polity Territory	[2,000,000 to 2,500,000] km²	745 CE 840 CE
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Polity Population	[400,000 to 500,000] people	745 CE 840 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	3	745 CE 840 CE
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Religious Level	3	745 CE 840 CE
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Military Level	[5 to 6]	745 CE 840 CE
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Administrative Level	4	745 CE 840 CE
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Professions Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present Inferred	745 CE 840 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Merit Promotion	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Absent	745 CE 840 CE
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Examination System	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Law Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Absent Inferred	745 CE 840 CE
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Judge	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Court	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	745 CE 840 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	745 CE 840 CE
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Food Storage Site	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present Inferred	745 CE 840 CE
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Port	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Canal	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Bridge	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Information / Writing System Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	745 CE 840 CE
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Script	Present	745 CE 840 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	745 CE 840 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	745 CE 840 CE
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Mnemonic Device	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Sacred Text	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Religious Literature	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Practical Literature	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Philosophy	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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History	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Fiction	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Calendar	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Information / Money Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Present	745 CE 840 CE
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Precious Metal	Present	745 CE 840 CE
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Paper Currency	Absent	745 CE 840 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent	745 CE 840 CE
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Foreign Coin	Present Inferred	745 CE 840 CE
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Article	Present	745 CE 840 CE
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Information / Postal System Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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General Postal Service	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Courier	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Information / Measurement System Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Weight Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	745 CE 840 CE
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Volume Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	745 CE 840 CE
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Time Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	745 CE 840 CE
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Length Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	745 CE 840 CE
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Geometrical Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	745 CE 840 CE
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Area Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	745 CE 840 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Modern Fortification	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Earth Rampart	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Ditch	Present Inferred	745 CE 840 CE
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Complex Fortification	Present	745 CE 840 CE
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Long Wall	unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Military use of Metals Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Present Inferred	745 CE 840 CE
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Iron	Present	745 CE 840 CE
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Copper	Present Inferred	745 CE 840 CE
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Bronze	Present Inferred	745 CE 840 CE
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Projectiles Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	745 CE 840 CE
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Sling	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Self Bow	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Javelin	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	745 CE 840 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	745 CE 840 CE
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Crossbow	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Composite Bow	Present Inferred	745 CE 840 CE
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Atlatl	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Handheld weapons Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Sword	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Spear	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Polearm	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Dagger	Present	745 CE 840 CE
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Battle Axe	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Animals used in warfare Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	745 CE 840 CE
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Elephant	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Donkey	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Dog	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Camel	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Armor Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Shield	Present Inferred	745 CE 840 CE
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Scaled Armor	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Plate Armor	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Limb Protection	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Leather Cloth	Present Inferred	745 CE 840 CE
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Laminar Armor	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Helmet	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Chainmail	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Breastplate	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Naval technology Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 840 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 761 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	762 CE 840 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 761 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	762 CE 840 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Unknown	745 CE 761 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	762 CE 840 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 761 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Absent	762 CE 840 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 761 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	762 CE 840 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Absent Inferred	745 CE 840 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 761 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	762 CE 840 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 761 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	762 CE 840 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 761 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	762 CE 840 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 761 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	762 CE 840 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Unknown Suspected	745 CE 761 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	762 CE 840 CE
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Human Sacrifice Uigur Khaganate (mn_uygur_khaganate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More