Home Region: Western Europe (Europe)

French Kingdom - Late Bourbon

1660 CE 1815 CE

D G SC WF R CC

EQ 2020 fr_bourbon_k_2 / FrBurbL

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1589 CE 1660 CE French Kingdom - Early Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_1) [continuity]

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General Description

The House of Bourbon (The Ancien Regime) ruled France from the death of the childless Late Valois king Henry III in 1589 CE to the re-convening of the Estates General during the French Revolution. The Late Bourbon period began as King Louis XIV consolidated monarchical power in 1661 CE and ended when King Louis XVI signed the National Assembly’s proposed constitution in 1789 CE. Nickname the “Sun King”, Louis XIV came into full power after the death of cardinal minister Mazarin in 1661 CE. The king was an avid patron of the arts, creating academies for dance, science, music, and architecture, supporting French writers, and expanding the Louvre. The palace of Versailles, then the largest building in Europe, was constructed by Louis XIV in the 1670s and 1680s. ^[1] The king also nullified the Edict of Nantes that gave rights of worship to the Huguenot Protestants with 1685 CE Edict of Fontainebleau. ^[2]
While the first two periods (1661-1672 CE and 1673-1688 CE) of Louis XIV’s reign were marked by prosperity and expansion, the third period (1689 to 1715 CE) of the Sun King’s reign ended in frustration. ^[3] France was involved in a succession of wars between 1682 CE and 1712 CE (including the War of the League of Augsburg and the War of Spanish Succession) which united much of Europe against Louis XIV. Public debt also increased under the Sun King and France suffered from famine from 1693 to 1694 CE. ^[4] Under Cardinal Fleury, the regent of the second Late Bourbon King Louis XV, France entered a sustained period of peace and economic expansion from 1726 CE to 1741 CE. In the 18th century, the Enlightenment began to dominate the public sphere, and became a catalyst for the French Revolution which overthrew King Louis XVI in 1789 CE. ^[5]
The French Kingdom was expanded under Louis XIV. However, France lost most of its colonial territories in the Seven Years’ War under Louis XV, and gained only Lorraine (1766 CE) and Corsica (1768 CE). ^[6] France covered 2.5 million square kilometers in 1700 CE but only between 700,000 to 1.54 million square meters in 1750-1789 CE. ^[7] More research is necessary on colonial expansion and loss of territories in this period.
Population and political organization
King Louis XIV changed the relationship between the king and his government by ruling as his own prime minister. Under the rule of the Sun King, the Estates General and the Assembly of Notables did not meet, and the Assembly of the Clergy was tightly controlled. ^[8] Louis XVI was forced to reconvene the Estates General as the National Assembly during the French Revolution. The National Assembly forced Louis XVI to sign a constitution which limited his right to rule. ^[9]
The population of the French Kingdom was 21.8 million in 1685 CE and 28.5 million in 1789 CE. ^[10] In the Late Bourbon period, the population of the bourgeoisie increased from 700,000 in 1700 CE to 2.3 million in 1789 CE. ^[11]

[1]: (Haine 2000, 59) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[2]: (Haine 2000, 60) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[3]: (Haine 2000, 60-61) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[4]: (Haine 2000, 63) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[5]: (Haine 2000, 66-71) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[6]: (Haine 2000, 65) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[7]: (Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)

[8]: (Haine 2000, 57) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[9]: (Haine 2000, 72) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[10]: (Ladurie 1991, 302) Ladurie, E L. 1991. The Ancien Regime. A History of France, 1610-1774. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/JEZFIU2N

[11]: (Haine 2000, 64) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

2 Capital

2 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

1 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

3 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

4 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Non Phonetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

2 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

2 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases

1 Crisis Consequence

Power Transitions

8 Power Transition

Instability Events

44 Instability Event

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2) was in:
(1660 CE 1788 CE)	Paris Basin

Home NGA: Paris Basin

General Variables

Identity and Location French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	31 U	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Original Name	French Kingdom - Late Bourbon	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Capital	Paris	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Capital	Versailles	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Alternative Name	Late Bourbon French Kingdom	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Alternative Name	Bourbon dynasty	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Temporal Bounds French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	[1723 CE ➜ 1743 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	none	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Revolutionary Republic	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Preceding Entity 1589 CE 1660 CE	French Kingdom - Early Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_1) [continuity]
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Degree of Centralization	unitary state	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Language French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Indo-European	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Language	French	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Religion French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	455,000 people	1660 CE
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Population of the Largest Settlement	530,000 people	1700 CE
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Population of the Largest Settlement	556,000 people	1750 CE
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Polity Territory	[2,000,000 to 2,500,000] km²	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Polity Population	21,800,000 people	1685 CE
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Polity Population	23,400,000 people	1715 CE
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Polity Population	25,300,000 people	1745 CE
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Polity Population	28,500,000 people	1789 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	6	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Religious Level	[6 to 7]	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Military Level	[12 to 14]	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Administrative Level	6	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Professions French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Merit Promotion	Uncoded Undecided	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Examination System	Present Inferred	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Law French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Judge	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Court	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present Inferred	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Irrigation System	Unknown Suspected	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Food Storage Site	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Transport Infrastructure French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Port	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Canal	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Bridge	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Special-purpose Sites French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Information / Writing System French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Script	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Sacred Text	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Practical Literature	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Philosophy	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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History	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Fiction	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Calendar	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Information / Money French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Precious Metal	Unknown Suspected	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Paper Currency	Present	1700 CE 1720 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Foreign Coin	Unknown Suspected	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Article	Unknown Suspected	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Information / Postal System French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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General Postal Service	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Courier	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Information / Measurement System French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Unknown Suspected	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Unknown Suspected	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Modern Fortification	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Earth Rampart	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Ditch	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Long Wall	absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Military use of Metals French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Iron	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Copper	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Bronze	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Projectiles French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Present Uncertain	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Tension Siege Engine	Absent Uncertain	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Sling	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Self Bow	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Javelin	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Crossbow	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Composite Bow	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Atlatl	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Handheld weapons French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Sword	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Spear	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Polearm	Present	1661 CE 1725 CE
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Polearm	Absent Inferred	1726 CE 1789 CE
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Dagger	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Battle Axe	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Animals used in warfare French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Elephant	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Donkey	Unknown Suspected	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Dog	Unknown Suspected	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Camel	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Armor French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Shield	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Scaled Armor	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Plate Armor	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Limb Protection	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Leather Cloth	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Laminar Armor	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Helmet	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Chainmail	Absent	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Breastplate	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Naval technology French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Unknown Suspected	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	1660 CE 1815 CE
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Human Sacrifice French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More