Home Region:  Western Europe (Europe)

French Kingdom - Late Bourbon

1660 CE 1815 CE
EQ 2020  fr_bourbon_k_2 / FrBurbL
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
1589 CE 1660 CE French Kingdom - Early Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_1)    [continuity]

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  General Description  
The House of Bourbon (The Ancien Regime) ruled France from the death of the childless Late Valois king Henry III in 1589 CE to the re-convening of the Estates General during the French Revolution. The Late Bourbon period began as King Louis XIV consolidated monarchical power in 1661 CE and ended when King Louis XVI signed the National Assembly’s proposed constitution in 1789 CE. Nickname the “Sun King”, Louis XIV came into full power after the death of cardinal minister Mazarin in 1661 CE. The king was an avid patron of the arts, creating academies for dance, science, music, and architecture, supporting French writers, and expanding the Louvre. The palace of Versailles, then the largest building in Europe, was constructed by Louis XIV in the 1670s and 1680s. [1] The king also nullified the Edict of Nantes that gave rights of worship to the Huguenot Protestants with 1685 CE Edict of Fontainebleau. [2]
While the first two periods (1661-1672 CE and 1673-1688 CE) of Louis XIV’s reign were marked by prosperity and expansion, the third period (1689 to 1715 CE) of the Sun King’s reign ended in frustration. [3] France was involved in a succession of wars between 1682 CE and 1712 CE (including the War of the League of Augsburg and the War of Spanish Succession) which united much of Europe against Louis XIV. Public debt also increased under the Sun King and France suffered from famine from 1693 to 1694 CE. [4] Under Cardinal Fleury, the regent of the second Late Bourbon King Louis XV, France entered a sustained period of peace and economic expansion from 1726 CE to 1741 CE. In the 18th century, the Enlightenment began to dominate the public sphere, and became a catalyst for the French Revolution which overthrew King Louis XVI in 1789 CE. [5]
The French Kingdom was expanded under Louis XIV. However, France lost most of its colonial territories in the Seven Years’ War under Louis XV, and gained only Lorraine (1766 CE) and Corsica (1768 CE). [6] France covered 2.5 million square kilometers in 1700 CE but only between 700,000 to 1.54 million square meters in 1750-1789 CE. [7] More research is necessary on colonial expansion and loss of territories in this period.
Population and political organization
King Louis XIV changed the relationship between the king and his government by ruling as his own prime minister. Under the rule of the Sun King, the Estates General and the Assembly of Notables did not meet, and the Assembly of the Clergy was tightly controlled. [8] Louis XVI was forced to reconvene the Estates General as the National Assembly during the French Revolution. The National Assembly forced Louis XVI to sign a constitution which limited his right to rule. [9]
The population of the French Kingdom was 21.8 million in 1685 CE and 28.5 million in 1789 CE. [10] In the Late Bourbon period, the population of the bourgeoisie increased from 700,000 in 1700 CE to 2.3 million in 1789 CE. [11]

[1]: (Haine 2000, 59) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[2]: (Haine 2000, 60) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[3]: (Haine 2000, 60-61) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[4]: (Haine 2000, 63) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[5]: (Haine 2000, 66-71) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[6]: (Haine 2000, 65) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[7]: (Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)

[8]: (Haine 2000, 57) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[9]: (Haine 2000, 72) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

[10]: (Ladurie 1991, 302) Ladurie, E L. 1991. The Ancien Regime. A History of France, 1610-1774. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/JEZFIU2N

[11]: (Haine 2000, 64) Haine, W. Scott. 2000. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/9RS462P7

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2) was in:
 (1660 CE 1788 CE) Paris Basin
Home NGA: Paris Basin

General Variables
Identity and Location French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Utm Zone 31 U 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Original Name French Kingdom - Late Bourbon 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Capital 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Capital 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Alternative Name Late Bourbon French Kingdom 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Alternative Name Bourbon dynasty 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Temporal Bounds French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Peak Years
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Political and Cultural Relations French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Suprapolity Relations none 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Succeeding Entity Revolutionary Republic 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity continuity 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Preceding Entity
1589 CE 1660 CE
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_1)   [continuity] 
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Degree of Centralization unitary state 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Language French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Linguistic Family Indo-European 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Language 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Religion French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Population of the Largest Settlement 1660 CE
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Population of the Largest Settlement 1700 CE
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Population of the Largest Settlement 1750 CE
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Polity Territory 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Polity Population 1685 CE
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Polity Population 1715 CE
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Polity Population 1745 CE
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Polity Population 1789 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Settlement Hierarchy 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Religious Level 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Military Level 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Administrative Level 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Professions French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Professional Soldier 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Professional Priesthood 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Professional Military Officer 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Specialized Government Building 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Merit Promotion 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Examination System 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Law French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Professional Lawyer 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Judge 1660 CE  1815 CE
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1660 CE  1815 CE
Court 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Market 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Irrigation System Unknown Suspected 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Food Storage Site 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Transport Infrastructure French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Road 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Port 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Canal 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Bridge 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Special-purpose Sites French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Mines or Quarry 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Information / Writing System French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Written Record 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Script 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Scientific Literature 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Sacred Text 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Religious Literature 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Practical Literature Present 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Philosophy 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification 1660 CE  1815 CE
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History 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Fiction 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Calendar Present 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Information / Money French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Precious Metal Unknown Suspected 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Paper Currency 1700 CE 1720 CE
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Indigenous Coin 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Foreign Coin Unknown Suspected 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Article Unknown Suspected 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Information / Postal System French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Postal Station 1660 CE  1815 CE
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General Postal Service 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Courier 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Information / Measurement System French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Unknown Suspected 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared Unknown Suspected 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Modern Fortification 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Moat Unknown Suspected 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Fortified Camp Unknown Suspected 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Earth Rampart 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Ditch Present 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Long Wall absent 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Military use of Metals French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Steel 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Iron 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Copper 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Bronze 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Projectiles French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Tension Siege Engine 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Tension Siege Engine 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Sling Siege Engine 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Sling 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Self Bow 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Javelin Absent 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Handheld Firearm 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Crossbow 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Composite Bow 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Atlatl 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Handheld weapons French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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War Club 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Sword 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Spear 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Polearm 1661 CE 1725 CE
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Polearm 1726 CE 1789 CE
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Dagger 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Battle Axe 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Animals used in warfare French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Horse 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Elephant Absent 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Donkey Unknown Suspected 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Dog Unknown Suspected 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Camel Absent 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Armor French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Wood Bark Etc Absent 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Shield 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Scaled Armor 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Plate Armor 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Limb Protection 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Leather Cloth 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Laminar Armor 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Helmet 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Chainmail 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Breastplate 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Naval technology French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Specialized Military Vessel 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc Present 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain 1660 CE  1815 CE
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Human Sacrifice French Kingdom - Late Bourbon (fr_bourbon_k_2)
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Instability Data
Power Transitions