Home Region: West Africa (Africa)

Imamate of Futa Toro

1776 CE 1860 CE

D G SC R

New WA se_futa_toro_imamate

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

[Empire of Great Fulo] [None] Update here

Succeeding Entity:

No Polity found. Add one here.

General Description

The Imamate of Futa Toro was situated along the Senegal River in present-day northern Senegal and southern Mauritania. The Futa Toro region is south of the Sahara Desert linking it to vital trade routes. ^[1] The Imamate of Futa Toro was first established in 1776 CE, when Muslim clerics also known as torodbe, overthrew the rulers of the Empire of Great Fulo. ^[2] The Muslim clerics established an Imamate with an Almamy or Imam as ruler. During the beginning of the nineteenth century the Almamy began to lose power to elite local aristocracy or chieftains who controlled most of the land in the region. During this time many non-Muslims in the region migrated from Futa Toro. In 1860 CE during the Senegambian Jihad of al-Hajj Umar, the French took control over the Futa Toro region as it was crucial for trade along the Senegal River, therefore with the French occupation the Imamate of Futa Toro ended. ^[3]

[1]: (Clark, 2005) Clark, Andrew F. 2005. ‘Futa Toro’ In Encyclopedia of African History Volume 1: A-G. Edited by Kevin Shillington. London: Taylor and Francis. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/GDPPE8E5/collection

[2]: (Klein 1972, 429) Klein, Martin A. 1972. ‘Social and Economic Factors in the Muslim Revolution in Senegambia.’ The Journal of Africa History. Vol. 13:3. Pp 419-441. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/ZJRN8UJ8/collection

[3]: (Lapidus, 2014) Lapidus, Ira M. 2014. A History of Islamic Societies. Third Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/search/Lapidus/titleCreatorYear/items/5HAADQHE/item-list

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

2 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Polity Succession

Language

2 Linguistic Family

2 Language

Religion

1 Religious Tradition

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

Hierarchical Complexity

Professions

Bureaucracy Characteristics

Law

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Drinking Water Supply System

1 Communal Building

1 Utilitarian Public Building

1 Knowledge Or Information Building

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

1 Trading Emporia

1 Special Purpose Site

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Article

Information / Postal System

Information / Measurement System

1 Weight Measurement System

1 Time Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

Military use of Metals

Projectiles

Handheld weapons

Animals used in warfare

Armor

Naval technology

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions

55 Power Transition

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

General Variables

Identity and Location Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	28 N	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Original Name	Imamate of Futa Toro	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Alternative Name	Almamate of Futa Toro	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Alternative Name	Fuuta Tooro	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Temporal Bounds Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[1776 CE ➜ 1860 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Succeeding Entity	French Empire	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Preceding Entity	Empire of Great Fulo [None] Update here
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Language Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Niger-Congo	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Linguistic Family	Afro-Asiatic	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Language	Fula	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Language	Arabic	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Religion Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religious Tradition	Islam	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Hierarchical Complexity Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Professions Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Bureaucracy Characteristics Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Law Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Judge	Present Inferred	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Court	Present Inferred	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present Inferred	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Communal Building	Present Inferred	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Utilitarian Public Building	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Knowledge Or Information Building	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present Inferred	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Trading Emporia	Present Inferred	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Special Purpose Site	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Information / Writing System Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Script	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Sacred Text	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Religious Literature	Present Inferred	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Calendar	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Information / Money Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Present Inferred	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Article	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Information / Postal System Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Measurement System Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Weight Measurement System	Present Inferred	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Time Measurement System	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Military use of Metals Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Projectiles Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Handheld weapons Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Animals used in warfare Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Armor Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Naval technology Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	1776 CE 1860 CE
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Human Sacrifice Imamate of Futa Toro (se_futa_toro_imamate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More