Home Region:  West Africa (Africa)

Proto-Yoruboid

300 BCE 300 CE
D G SC RG New WA  ni_proto_yoruboid
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
[continuity; Pre-Archaic Benue-Kwa] [continuity]   Update here

Succeeding Entity:
No Polity found. Add one here.


  General Description   “It was an era of climatic change and ecological crisis, innovation in technology and social organization, and unprecedented scale of migration. More important, the period also marked the beginning of the splitting of proto-Yoruboid into new daughter languages and dialects. [...] The adjustment to and consequences of the ecological crisis of the Archaic period also instigated other processes of cultural change that launched the proto-Yoruboid people on the path of sociopolitical and demographic differentiation from several of their proto-Benue-Kwa peers in the confluence area. Until the beginning of the first millennium AD, the proto-Yoruboid were undifferentiated from the other confluence language communities in group size, modes of subsistence, and technology. But as the nine-month dry season became the new normal in the guinea savanna and as several water sources dried up, it became more frequent for communities, households, and individuals to branch off from the older units in search of greener pastures.” [1]

[1]: (Ogundiran 2020: 42)

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables
Religious Demography
Religious Tolerance
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid) was in:
Home NGA: None
General Variables
Identity and Location Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 31 N Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Capital None (Absent Capital) Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Temporal Bounds Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Duration [300 BCE ➜ 300 CE] Suspected
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Political and Cultural Relations Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Succeeding Entity Early Formative Proto-Yoruba Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity continuity Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Preceding Entity
CE
continuity; Pre-Archaic Benue-Kwa [continuity]    Update here
Confident
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Degree of Centralization quasi-polity Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Language Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Proto-Bene-Kwa Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Language Proto-Yoruboid Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Religion Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Religious Tradition Early Niger-Congo Religions Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Hierarchical Complexity Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy 1 Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Religious Level 1 Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Professions Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Bureaucracy Characteristics Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Law Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Buildings: polity owned Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Transport Infrastructure Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Special-purpose Sites Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Writing System Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Absent Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Script Absent Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Absent Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing Absent Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature Absent Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Sacred Text Absent Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Religious Literature Absent Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Practical Literature Absent Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Philosophy Absent Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification Absent Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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History Absent Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Fiction Absent Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Calendar Absent Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Information / Money Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Postal System Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Measurement System Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Military use of Metals Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Projectiles Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Handheld weapons Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Animals used in warfare Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Armor Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Naval technology Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Religious Demography Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Theological Syncretism of Different Religions Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Syncretism of Religious Practices at the Level of Individual Believers Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Religious Fragmentation Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Widespread Religion 1. Most widespread: Orisha Religion (Vast majority) Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Official Religion Orisha Religion Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Elites Religion Orisha Religion Confident 300 BCE  300 CE
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Human Sacrifice Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Religious Tolerance Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Taxes Based on Religious Adherence or on Religious Activities and Institutions Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Frequency of Societal Violence Against Religious Groups unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Societal Discrimination Against Religious Groups Taking up Certain Occupations or Functions Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Frequency of Governmental Violence Against Religious Groups unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Government Restrictions on Religious Education Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Government Restrictions on Public Worship Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Government Restrictions on Public Proselytizing Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Government Restrictions on Property Ownership for Adherents of Any Religious Group Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Government Restrictions on Conversion Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Government Restrictions on Construction of Religious Buildings Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Government Restrictions on Circulation of Religious Literature Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Societal Pressure to Convert or Against Conversion Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Government Pressure to Convert Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Governmental Obligations for Religious Groups to Apply for Official Recognition Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Government Discrimination Against Religious Groups Taking up Certain Occupations or Functions Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Proto-Yoruboid (ni_proto_yoruboid)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain Unknown Suspected 300 BCE  300 CE
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Crisis Cases
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Instability Data
Power Transitions
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