No General Descriptions provided.
inferred Absent |
inferred Absent |
inferred Absent |
inferred Absent |
inferred Absent |
inferred Absent |
inferred Absent |
inferred Absent |
Year Range | Early Nyoro (ug_early_nyoro) was in: |
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levels.
"Polities during this period seem to have been no more than small chiefdoms, presumably comprising a chiefly settlement and neighbouring villages." [Taylor_Robertshaw 2000, p. 17]
levels.
1. Polity chiefs
2. Village heads
"Polities during this period seem to have been no more than small chiefdoms, presumably comprising a chiefly settlement and neighbouring villages." [Taylor_Robertshaw 2000, p. 17]
Referring to a late-19th century monarch: "Kabarega is also credited with military reforms that created a standing army with companies (barusura) of soldiers who were often under the leadership of foreign mercenaries appointed directly by the king." [Robertshaw_Espinova_Lane 2016, p. 211]
Referring to a late-19th century monarch: "Kabarega is also credited with military reforms that created a standing army with companies (barusura) of soldiers who were often under the leadership of foreign mercenaries appointed directly by the king." [Robertshaw_Espinova_Lane 2016, p. 211]
"Whether or not markets existed in this period is too speculative to warrant further attention." [Uzoigwe 1972, p. 425]
"In the Nyoro state of the nineteenth century, [...] There were no roads and no attempts to connect chiefs’ residences with the capital." [Robertshaw 2010, p. 261] Given general pattern of increasing complexity through time in the region [Taylor_Robertshaw 2000, pp. 17-19] , it seems reasonable to infer that that this statement applies to preceding centuries as well.
"Whether or not markets existed in this period is too speculative to warrant further attention." [Uzoigwe 1972, p. 425]
"Literacy entered Uganda for the first time with the introduction of Islam in the late 1860’s and for nearly a decade instruction in Islam was progressing and flourishing at the royal court. When literacy was introduced into the kingdom of Buganda, it was confined to speakers of Arabic and Kiswahili. " [Pawliková-Vilhanová_Pawliková-Vilhanová_Moumouni 2014, p. 145]
"Literacy entered Uganda for the first time with the introduction of Islam in the late 1860’s and for nearly a decade instruction in Islam was progressing and flourishing at the royal court. When literacy was introduced into the kingdom of Buganda, it was confined to speakers of Arabic and Kiswahili. " [Pawliková-Vilhanová_Pawliková-Vilhanová_Moumouni 2014, p. 145]
"Literacy entered Uganda for the first time with the introduction of Islam in the late 1860’s and for nearly a decade instruction in Islam was progressing and flourishing at the royal court. When literacy was introduced into the kingdom of Buganda, it was confined to speakers of Arabic and Kiswahili. " [Pawliková-Vilhanová_Pawliková-Vilhanová_Moumouni 2014, p. 145]
Note that the region is known for its extensive oral histories, but that these do not meet our codebook definition for this variable ("Records that are more extensive than mnemonics, but don't utilize script. Example: quipu; seals and stamps").
"Literacy entered Uganda for the first time with the introduction of Islam in the late 1860’s and for nearly a decade instruction in Islam was progressing and flourishing at the royal court. When literacy was introduced into the kingdom of Buganda, it was confined to speakers of Arabic and Kiswahili. " [Pawliková-Vilhanová_Pawliková-Vilhanová_Moumouni 2014, p. 145]
"Literacy entered Uganda for the first time with the introduction of Islam in the late 1860’s and for nearly a decade instruction in Islam was progressing and flourishing at the royal court. When literacy was introduced into the kingdom of Buganda, it was confined to speakers of Arabic and Kiswahili. " [Pawliková-Vilhanová_Pawliková-Vilhanová_Moumouni 2014, p. 145]
"Literacy entered Uganda for the first time with the introduction of Islam in the late 1860’s and for nearly a decade instruction in Islam was progressing and flourishing at the royal court. When literacy was introduced into the kingdom of Buganda, it was confined to speakers of Arabic and Kiswahili. " [Pawliková-Vilhanová_Pawliková-Vilhanová_Moumouni 2014, p. 145]
"Literacy entered Uganda for the first time with the introduction of Islam in the late 1860’s and for nearly a decade instruction in Islam was progressing and flourishing at the royal court. When literacy was introduced into the kingdom of Buganda, it was confined to speakers of Arabic and Kiswahili. " [Pawliková-Vilhanová_Pawliková-Vilhanová_Moumouni 2014, p. 145]
"Literacy entered Uganda for the first time with the introduction of Islam in the late 1860’s and for nearly a decade instruction in Islam was progressing and flourishing at the royal court. When literacy was introduced into the kingdom of Buganda, it was confined to speakers of Arabic and Kiswahili. " [Pawliková-Vilhanová_Pawliková-Vilhanová_Moumouni 2014, p. 145]
"Literacy entered Uganda for the first time with the introduction of Islam in the late 1860’s and for nearly a decade instruction in Islam was progressing and flourishing at the royal court. When literacy was introduced into the kingdom of Buganda, it was confined to speakers of Arabic and Kiswahili. " [Pawliková-Vilhanová_Pawliková-Vilhanová_Moumouni 2014, p. 145]
"Literacy entered Uganda for the first time with the introduction of Islam in the late 1860’s and for nearly a decade instruction in Islam was progressing and flourishing at the royal court. When literacy was introduced into the kingdom of Buganda, it was confined to speakers of Arabic and Kiswahili. " [Pawliková-Vilhanová_Pawliková-Vilhanová_Moumouni 2014, p. 145]
"Literacy entered Uganda for the first time with the introduction of Islam in the late 1860’s and for nearly a decade instruction in Islam was progressing and flourishing at the royal court. When literacy was introduced into the kingdom of Buganda, it was confined to speakers of Arabic and Kiswahili. " [Pawliková-Vilhanová_Pawliková-Vilhanová_Moumouni 2014, p. 145]
"Literacy entered Uganda for the first time with the introduction of Islam in the late 1860’s and for nearly a decade instruction in Islam was progressing and flourishing at the royal court. When literacy was introduced into the kingdom of Buganda, it was confined to speakers of Arabic and Kiswahili. " [Pawliková-Vilhanová_Pawliková-Vilhanová_Moumouni 2014, p. 145]
"Literacy entered Uganda for the first time with the introduction of Islam in the late 1860’s and for nearly a decade instruction in Islam was progressing and flourishing at the royal court. When literacy was introduced into the kingdom of Buganda, it was confined to speakers of Arabic and Kiswahili. " [Pawliková-Vilhanová_Pawliková-Vilhanová_Moumouni 2014, p. 145]
In the 19th century, "[t]he medium of exchange was barter", though cowrie shells were also used. [Uzoigwe 1972, pp. 447-450] Given general pattern of increasing complexity through time in the region [Taylor_Robertshaw 2000, pp. 17-19] , it seems reasonable to infer that that this statement applies to preceding centuries as well.
In the 19th century, "[t]he medium of exchange was barter", though cowrie shells were also used. [Uzoigwe 1972, pp. 447-450] Given general pattern of increasing complexity through time in the region [Taylor_Robertshaw 2000, pp. 17-19] , it seems reasonable to infer that that this statement applies to preceding centuries as well.
In the 19th century, "[t]he medium of exchange was barter", though cowrie shells were also used. [Uzoigwe 1972, pp. 447-450] Given general pattern of increasing complexity through time in the region [Taylor_Robertshaw 2000, pp. 17-19] , it seems reasonable to infer that that this statement applies to preceding centuries as well.
In the 19th century, "[t]he medium of exchange was barter", though cowrie shells were also used. [Uzoigwe 1972, pp. 447-450] Given general pattern of increasing complexity through time in the region [Taylor_Robertshaw 2000, pp. 17-19] , it seems reasonable to infer that that this statement applies to preceding centuries as well.
In the 19th century, "[t]he medium of exchange was barter", though cowrie shells were also used. [Uzoigwe 1972, pp. 447-450] Given general pattern of increasing complexity through time in the region [Taylor_Robertshaw 2000, pp. 17-19] , it seems reasonable to infer that that this statement applies to preceding centuries as well.
In the 19th century, "[t]he medium of exchange was barter", though cowrie shells were also used. [Uzoigwe 1972, pp. 447-450] Given general pattern of increasing complexity through time in the region [Taylor_Robertshaw 2000, pp. 17-19] , it seems reasonable to infer that that this statement applies to preceding centuries as well.
In the 19th century, "[t]he medium of exchange was barter", though cowrie shells were also used. [Uzoigwe 1972, pp. 447-450] Given general pattern of increasing complexity through time in the region [Taylor_Robertshaw 2000, pp. 17-19] , it seems reasonable to infer that that this statement applies to preceding centuries as well.
In the 19th century, "[t]he medium of exchange was barter", though cowrie shells were also used. [Uzoigwe 1972, pp. 447-450] Given general pattern of increasing complexity through time in the region [Taylor_Robertshaw 2000, pp. 17-19] , it seems reasonable to infer that that this statement applies to preceding centuries as well.
In reference to 19th-century Bunyoro-Kitara: "But there were no accepted standard weights and measures." [Uzoigwe 1972, p. 447] Given general pattern of increasing complexity through time in the region [Taylor_Robertshaw 2000, pp. 17-19] , it seems reasonable to infer that that this statement applies to preceding centuries as well.
In reference to 19th-century Bunyoro-Kitara: "But there were no accepted standard weights and measures." [Uzoigwe 1972, p. 447] Given general pattern of increasing complexity through time in the region, it seems reasonable to infer that that this statement applies to preceding centuries as well. [Robertshaw_Taylor 2000, pp. 17-19]
In reference to 19th-century Bunyoro-Kitara: "But there were no accepted standard weights and measures." [Uzoigwe 1972, p. 447] Given general pattern of increasing complexity through time in the region [Taylor_Robertshaw 2000, pp. 17-19] , it seems reasonable to infer that that this statement applies to preceding centuries as well.
In reference to 19th-century Bunyoro-Kitara: "But there were no accepted standard weights and measures." [Uzoigwe 1972, p. 447] Given general pattern of increasing complexity through time in the region [Taylor_Robertshaw 2000, pp. 17-19] , it seems reasonable to infer that that this statement applies to preceding centuries as well.
In reference to 19th-century Bunyoro-Kitara: "But there were no accepted standard weights and measures." [Uzoigwe 1972, p. 447] Given likely continuity in economic matters between this period and preceding centuries (Uzoigwe [1972: 427] specifically notes that the Babito "do not seem to have introduced any fundamental economic changes" or "any revolutionaty social reorganization"), it seems reasonable to infer that that this statement applies to preceding centuries as well.
In reference to 19th-century Bunyoro-Kitara: "But there were no accepted standard weights and measures." [Uzoigwe 1972, p. 447] Given general pattern of increasing complexity through time in the region [Taylor_Robertshaw 2000, pp. 17-19] , it seems reasonable to infer that that this statement applies to preceding centuries as well.:♠ Volume ♣ inferred absent