Home Region:  East Africa (Africa)

Funj Sultanate

1504 CE 1820 CE
D G SC R
New EA  et_funj_sultanate
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
[elite migration; Kingdom of Alwa] [elite replacement]   Update here

Succeeding Entity:
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Displayed: 1644 CE

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  General Description   The Funj Sultanate was a kingdom in modern-day Sudan, Ethiopia and Eritrea. The Funj Sultanate was founded in 1504 after its first ruler, Amara Dunquas defeated the Christian Alwa Kingdom. The capital of the Funj Sultanate was at Sinnar in Sudan. Islam spread early in the kingdom as it was originally accepted by the nobles and sultans. As an important trading kingdom, Islam grew due to Muslim immigrants and scholars that arrived in the sultanate. These Islamic scholars and holy men created Quranic schools, established local saint veneration cults, and established Maliki law. As Islam became the kingdom’s state religion, Arabic became the official language of the sultanate. [1]
The Funj Sultanate depended heavily on caravan trade and the gold trade. The apex of the sultanate was during the reign of Badi II from 1644 to 1680. In the last half of the eighteenth century, the kingdom became fragmented as different nobles and elites competed for power. [2] The Funj Sultanate formally ended with Egyptian occupation in 1820-21. [1]

[1]: (Lapidus 2002, 431) Lapidus, Ira M. 2002. A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/QW9XHCIW/collection

[2]: (Lapidus 2012, 621) Lapidus, Ira M. 2012. Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/SRW6XCHP/collection

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate) was in:
Home NGA: None
General Variables
Identity and Location Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 37 N Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Original Name Funj Sultanate Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Capital Sinnar Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Alternative Name Sultanate of Sennar Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Alternative Name Kingdom of Sinnar Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Alternative Name Sinnar-Funj Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Alternative Name Funj Dynasty Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Temporal Bounds Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Peak Years [1644 CE ➜ 1680 CE] Confident
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Duration [1504 CE ➜ 1820 CE] Confident
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Political and Cultural Relations Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Succeeding Entity Khedivate of Egypt Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity elite migration Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Preceding Entity
CE
elite migration; Kingdom of Alwa [elite replacement]    Update here
Confident
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Language Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Afro-Asiatic Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Language Arabic Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Language Funj Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Religion Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
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Religious Tradition Islam Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Hierarchical Complexity Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy 3 Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Administrative Level 7 Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Professions Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Bureaucracy Characteristics Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Law Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Judge Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
Court Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
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Market Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Communal Building Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Utilitarian Public Building Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Knowledge Or Information Building Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Road Present Inferred 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Port Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Trading Emporia Present Inferred 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Special Purpose Site Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Ceremonial Site Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Burial Site Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Information / Writing System Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Present Inferred 1504 CE 1699 CE
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Written Record Present Confident 1700 CE 1820 CE
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Script Present Inferred 1504 CE 1699 CE
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Script Present Confident 1700 CE 1820 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Sacred Text Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Religious Literature Present Inferred 1504 CE  1820 CE
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History Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Calendar Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Information / Money Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Precious Metal Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Indigenous Coin Absent Confident 1504 CE 1699 CE
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Indigenous Coin Present Confident 1700 CE 1820 CE
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Foreign Coin Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Article Present Confident 1504 CE 1699 CE
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Article Absent Inferred 1700 CE 1820 CE
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Information / Postal System Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Measurement System Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Weight Measurement System Present Inferred 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Volume Measurement System Present Inferred 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Time Measurement System Present Inferred 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Length Measurement System Present Inferred 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Area Measurement System Present Inferred 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Military use of Metals Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Projectiles Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Handheld weapons Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Animals used in warfare Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Armor Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Naval technology Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain Present Confident 1504 CE  1820 CE
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Human Sacrifice Funj Sultanate (et_funj_sultanate)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
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Instability Data
Power Transitions
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