Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty Fragmented Period
Displayed: 1333 CE
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General Description
When Bolesław III Wrymouth died on 28 October 1138, he was aware of the potential for conflict among his sons and devised a testament aiming to prevent the fragmentation of the kingdom. His will, known as the Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth
[1]
, divided Poland among his sons, granting them hereditary duchies while trying to maintain some level of unity under the senioral principle. This principle established that the eldest member of the dynasty, holding the Seniorate Province with Kraków as its capital, would have a primacy over the other dukes and the right to be called the High Duke of Poland. The "Senioral Principle" was soon broken, leading to a period of nearly 200 years of disintegration known as feudal fragmentation which divided the Polish state into several semi-independent principalities without a single ruler governed by various branches of the Piast dynasty.
[2]
The reunification of Poland under Władysław I in 14th century marked the end of fragmentation. His son, Casimir III the Great (1333-1370) strengthened royal authority. Casimir’s reign, devoid of major external conflicts, allowed for significant internal development, including the founding of the University of Krakow in 1364, one of the oldest universities in Europe.
[2]
The end of the Piast dynasty in 1370, with the death of Casimir III, led to the initiation of the Angevin and later Jagiellonian dynasties, under which Poland entered into a union with Lithuania.
[1]
[1]: Norman Davies, God’s Playground: A History of Poland: In Two Volumes, Rev. ed. (Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press, 2005). Zotero link: LUJ3NYJU
[2]: Eduard Mühle, Die Piasten: Polen im Mittelalter, Bsr 2709 (München: Verlag C.H. Beck, 2011). Zotero link: EVZQ25XL
| 34 U |
| Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty Fragmented Period |
| Kraków | 1319 CE 1370 CE |
| Królestwo Polskie | |
| Regnum Poloniae |
| cz_bohemian_k_1 personal union with pl_piast_dyn_2 | 1296 CE 1306 CE |
| pl_piast_dyn_2 personal union with hu_later_dyn | 1370 CE 1382 CE |
| Preceding: Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty (pl_piast_dyn_1) [None] |
| none | 1139 CE 1320 CE |
| unitary state | 1320 CE 1370 CE |
NGA Settlements:
| Year Range | Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty Fragmented Period (pl_piast_dyn_2) was in: |
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| Utm Zone | 34 U | Confident | 1139 CE 1382 CE | ||||||||
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| Original Name | Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty Fragmented Period | Confident | 1139 CE 1382 CE | ||||||||
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| Capital | Kraków | Confident | 1319 CE 1370 CE | ||||||||
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| Alternative Name | Królestwo Polskie | Confident | 1139 CE 1382 CE | ||||||||
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| Alternative Name | Regnum Poloniae | Confident | 1139 CE 1382 CE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Suprapolity Relations | cz_bohemian_k_1 personal union with pl_piast_dyn_2 | Confident | 1296 CE 1306 CE | ||||||||
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| Suprapolity Relations | pl_piast_dyn_2 personal union with hu_later_dyn | Confident | 1370 CE 1382 CE | ||||||||
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Preceding Entity
963 CE 1138 CE
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Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty (pl_piast_dyn_1) [None] | Confident | |||||||||
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| Degree of Centralization | none | Confident | 1139 CE 1320 CE | ||||||||
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| Degree of Centralization | unitary state | Confident | 1320 CE 1370 CE | ||||||||
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