Home Region: Iran (Southwest Asia)

Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar

7000 BCE 6000 BCE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 ir_susiana_archaic / IrArcha

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

7200 BCE 7000 BCE Formative Period (ir_susiana_formative) [None]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

6000 BCE 5700 BCE Susiana A (ir_susiana_a) [None]

General Description

"The Archaic Susiana 0 Phase. The appearance of the Painted-Burnished variant of ware, a new class of painted pottery that provides antecedent for the entire Archaic Susiana ceramics, marks the transition to the Archaic period. Another site, Tappe Tuleʾi (named after an edible tuber), southwest of Andimesk in northwestern Ḵuzestān, is the only other site in ancient Kuzestan that was occupied during this phase (Hole, 1974; Idem, 1975). The fact that neither Tappe Tule’i nor Coga Bonut was located close to any detectable canal or source of water may be an indication of sufficient precipitation for dry farming. Faunal, floral, and phytolith (fossilized pollen) evidence from Coga Bonut indicated the presence of marshes in upper Susiana during this phase (Redding and Rosen in Alizadeh, pp. 129-49).
Evidence of gazelle, onager, and domesticated sheep, goats, and dogs, as well as that of wheat and barley points to a mixed economy of farming, herding, and hunting in this phase. In addition to these species, the presence of bones of the giant Indian gerbil and bears at Čoḡā Bonut also indicates the wetter climate in this region during the initial phases of the Archaic period.
The Painted-Burnished variant ware is fully represented at Tappe Tuleʾ’i, but is rare in the nearby Dehlorān (Deh Luran) plain to the north (FIGURE 5). Apart from this distinct class of early Neolithic Susiana pottery, the stone tools, chipped stone industry, and small objects such as T-shaped human figurines and animal figurines are almost indistinguishable among the two Susiana sites and Coga Safid and Alikos in Dehloran. The great similarity in the objects other than pottery suggests that while the stone industry and the manufacture of small clay and stone objects found at these sites may have had a shared origin, the Painted-Burnished variant ware was developed in Susiana proper.
The architecture of the Archaic Susiana 0 phase at Coga Bonut consists of two separate buildings, but their complete plans cannot be restored (Alizadeh, fig. 10). A rather large rectangular structure is all that was left of one building that, based on its comparatively large size, must have been a hall or courtyard of a much larger structure. The three surviving walls are neatly made of long, cigar-shaped mud bricks laid as stretchers. Two platforms or buttresses, made of the same construction material, were built against the outer face of its southern wall. The western portion of this building, where the living quarters had been presumably located, was entirely destroyed, but the presence of two rows of headers, one slightly higher than the other, could have provided access to the rooms on this side. The other, smaller building was better preserved. The building material was the same as for the larger structure, but the neat division of space and the straightness of its walls indicate a certain degree of architectural sophistication, if not specialization, even in this early phase of architecture in Susiana.
For reasons not known, sometime during the Archaic Susiana 0 phase, Coga Bonut was deserted and did not become reoccupied for at least a thousand years." ^[1]
Four sites excavated: Choga Mish, Boneh Fazili, Chogha Bonut and Tula’i. ^[2]
Tula’I is a herders’ camp, at the least a seasonal camp.
25 sites on the Susiana Plain that have ceramics of one or the other of the periods.
No good information on agricultural settlement
Choga Mish, Choga Bonut and Boneh Fazili have a large settlement.

[1]: (Alizadeh 2009, Encyclopedia Iranica Online, http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/coga-bonut-archaeological-site)

[2]: (Hole 1987, 39-40)

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

2 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Non Phonetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic) was in:
(7000 BCE 6001 BCE)	Susiana

Home NGA: Susiana

General Variables

Identity and Location Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	39 R	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Original Name	Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Alternative Name	Muhammad Jaffar	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[7000 BCE ➜ 6000 BCE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	none	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Succeeding Entity	Susiana A	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Preceding Entity 7200 BCE 7000 BCE	Formative Period (ir_susiana_formative) [None]
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Succeeding Entity 6000 BCE 5700 BCE	Susiana A (ir_susiana_a) [None]
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Degree of Centralization	quasi-polity	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Language Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Religion Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[175 to 700] people	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Polity Population	- Undecided	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	1	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Religious Level	1	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Military Level	1	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Administrative Level	1	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Professions Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Absent Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Professional Priesthood	Absent Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Professional Military Officer	Absent Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Absent Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Merit Promotion	Absent Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Absent Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Examination System	Absent Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Law Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Absent Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Judge	Absent Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Formal Legal Code	Absent Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Court	Absent Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Absent Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Irrigation System	Absent Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Food Storage Site	Present Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Absent Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Port	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Canal	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Bridge	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Writing System Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Script	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Sacred Text	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Religious Literature	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Practical Literature	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Philosophy	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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History	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Fiction	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Calendar	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Information / Money Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Paper Currency	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Foreign Coin	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Article	Present	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Information / Postal System Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Measurement System Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Earth Rampart	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Ditch	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Complex Fortification	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Long Wall	absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Military use of Metals Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Iron	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Copper	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Bronze	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Projectiles Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Sling	Present Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Self Bow	Present Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Javelin	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Crossbow	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Composite Bow	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Atlatl	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Handheld weapons Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Sword	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Spear	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Polearm	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Dagger	Present Inferred	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Battle Axe	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Elephant	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Donkey	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Dog	Present	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Camel	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Armor Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Shield	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Scaled Armor	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Plate Armor	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Limb Protection	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Leather Cloth	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Laminar Armor	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Helmet	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Chainmail	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Breastplate	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Naval technology Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Unknown Suspected	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Absent	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Unknown	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Unknown	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Unknown	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Unknown	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Unknown	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Unknown	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Unknown	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Unknown	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Unknown	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Unknown	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Unknown	7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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Human Sacrifice Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar (ir_susiana_archaic)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More