Home Region: East Africa (Africa)

Majeerteen Sultanate

1750 CE 1926 CE

D G SC R

New EA so_majeerteen_sultanate

Preceding Entity:

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Succeeding Entity:

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General Description

The Majeerteen Sultanate was a costal kingdom in the north eastern corner of Somalia. The exact formation date of the Sultanate is unknown with some scholars attesting that it was created in the late seventeenth century, while others acknowledging its origin from the later part of the eighteenth century. The Majeerteen Sultanate was a subgroup of the Darod Clan and had their capital situated at Alula. ^[1] The Majeerteen Sultanate was a lucrative kingdom with Omani, Egyptian, Yemeni and Arabian trading alliances. ^[2] In 1839, the Majeerteen Sultan, Isman Mahamud, entered into a British trade agreement which also guaranteed safe passage for British ships and crew members who sometimes shipwrecked in the Sultanate’s waters. ^[3] Due to the Sultanates subordination to the British crown, the Sultan was able to maintain his kingdom’s freedom up until the later part of the nineteenth century. ^[1]
The decline of the Sultanate centred on a civil war between Sultan Isman Mahamud and his cousin Yusuf Ali. With the help of foreign fighters, Yusuf Ali was able to take control of some Majeerteen territory and created a new Sultanate called Hobyo. During the final years of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Majeerteen and Hobyo Sultanates became under pressure by European colonial powers, particularly Italy. In 1926, Italian colonial forces occupied both kingdoms creating Italian Somaliland. ^[1]
No information on population sizes were found in the consulted sources.

[1]: (Njoku 2013, 41-42) Njoku, Raphael C. 2013. The History of Somalia. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/U9FHBPZF/library

[2]: (Smith 2021, 73) Smith, Nicholas W.S. 2021. Colonial Chaos in the Southern Red Sea: A History of Violence from 1830 to the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/TWITJWK4/items/K6HVJ7X4/collection

[3]: (Lewis 2002, 38) Lewis, Ioan M. 2002. A Modern History of the Somali: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa. Athens: Ohio University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/TWITJWK4/items/UQWUPZBM/collection

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

2 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

Language

1 Linguistic Family

2 Language

Religion

1 Religious Tradition

1 Religion Family

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Administrative Level

Professions

Bureaucracy Characteristics

Law

1 Formal Legal Code

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Drinking Water Supply System

1 Communal Building

1 Utilitarian Public Building

1 Knowledge Or Information Building

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

Special-purpose Sites

1 Special Purpose Site

1 Ceremonial Site

1 Burial Site

Information / Writing System

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Foreign Coin

Information / Postal System

Information / Measurement System

1 Weight Measurement System

1 Volume Measurement System

1 Time Measurement System

1 Length Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

Military use of Metals

Projectiles

Handheld weapons

Animals used in warfare

Armor

Naval technology

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions

6 Power Transition

Instability Events

5 Instability Event

General Variables

Identity and Location Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	39 N	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Original Name	Majeerteen Sultanate	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Capital	Alula	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Alternative Name	Majerteen Sultanate	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Alternative Name	Majerteyn Sultanate	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Temporal Bounds Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	[1800 CE ➜ 1860 CE]
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Duration	[1750 CE ➜ 1926 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	none	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Italian Somaliland	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Language Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Afro-Asiatic	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Language	Arabic	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Language	Somali	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Religion Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religious Tradition	Islam	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Religion Family	Sunni Islam	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Hierarchical Complexity Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Administrative Level	[5 to 7]	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Professions Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Bureaucracy Characteristics Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Law Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Formal Legal Code	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present Inferred	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Present Inferred	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Communal Building	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Utilitarian Public Building	Present Inferred	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Knowledge Or Information Building	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Present Inferred	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Port	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Special Purpose Site	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Ceremonial Site	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Burial Site	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Information / Writing System Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Script	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Sacred Text	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Religious Literature	Present Inferred	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Calendar	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Information / Money Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Foreign Coin	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Information / Postal System Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Measurement System Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Weight Measurement System	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Volume Measurement System	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Time Measurement System	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Length Measurement System	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Military use of Metals Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Projectiles Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Handheld weapons Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Animals used in warfare Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Armor Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Naval technology Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	1750 CE 1926 CE
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Human Sacrifice Majeerteen Sultanate (so_majeerteen_sultanate)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More