Home Region: Mongolia (Central and Northern Eurasia)

Shiwei

600 CE 1000 CE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 mn_shiwei / MnShiwe

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

583 CE 630 CE Eastern Turk Khaganate (mn_turk_khaganate_1) [None]

Succeeding Entity:

No Polity found. Add one here.

General Description

According to the earliest known references to the Shiwei in Chinese records dating to the fifth century CE, they occupied the Hulun Buir, Ergüne, Nonni, Middle Amur, and Zeya watersheds, they were divided into between five and twenty tribes, they lived on agriculture and pastoralism, and they traded sable skins. They may have been the ancestors to the Mongols. ^[1]
Population and political organization
Sources do not provide clear descriptions of Shiwei political organization, but it is worth noting that the Wuluohou, one of the Shiwei peoples, was believed by Chinese record-keepers to have no supreme leader, only tribal chiefs. ^[2] Similarly, sources do not provide clear population estimates for the Shiwei.

[1]: (Atwood 2004, 502)

[2]: (Xu 2005, 127)

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

2 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

2 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Food Storage Site

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

Special-purpose Sites

Information / Writing System

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Shiwei (mn_shiwei) was in:
(841 CE 907 CE)	Orkhon Valley

Home NGA: Orkhon Valley

General Variables

Identity and Location Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	48 T	600 CE 1000 CE
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Original Name	Shiwei	600 CE 1000 CE
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Alternative Name	Tatar	600 CE 1000 CE
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Alternative Name	Shih-wei	600 CE 1000 CE
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Temporal Bounds Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[600 CE ➜ 1000 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Succeeding Entity	Khitan Empire	600 CE 1000 CE
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Preceding Entity 583 CE 630 CE	Eastern Turk Khaganate (mn_turk_khaganate_1) [None]
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Degree of Centralization	quasi-polity	600 CE 1000 CE
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Language Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Mongolic	600 CE 1000 CE
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Linguistic Family	Manchu-Tungusic	600 CE 1000 CE
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Language	Khitan	600 CE 1000 CE
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Religion Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Polity Territory	- Undecided	600 CE 1000 CE
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Polity Population	- Undecided	600 CE 1000 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Administrative Level	1	600 CE 1000 CE
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Professions Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Absent	600 CE 1000 CE
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Merit Promotion	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Examination System	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Law Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Specialized Buildings: polity owned Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Food Storage Site	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Uncoded Undecided	600 CE 1000 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Writing System Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Kinds of Written Documents Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Money Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Absent	600 CE 1000 CE
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Precious Metal	Absent	600 CE 1000 CE
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Paper Currency	Absent	600 CE 1000 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent	600 CE 1000 CE
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Foreign Coin	Absent	600 CE 1000 CE
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Article	Present	600 CE 1000 CE
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Information / Postal System Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Information / Measurement System Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	600 CE 1000 CE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Earth Rampart	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Ditch	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Complex Fortification	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Long Wall	absent	600 CE 1000 CE
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Military use of Metals Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Iron	Present	600 CE 1000 CE
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Copper	Present Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Bronze	Present Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Projectiles Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	600 CE 1000 CE
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Sling	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Self Bow	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Javelin	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	600 CE 1000 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	600 CE 1000 CE
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Crossbow	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Composite Bow	Present	600 CE 1000 CE
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Atlatl	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Handheld weapons Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Sword	Present Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Spear	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Polearm	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Dagger	Present	600 CE 1000 CE
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Battle Axe	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Animals used in warfare Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	600 CE 1000 CE
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Elephant	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Donkey	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Dog	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Camel	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Armor Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Shield	Present Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Scaled Armor	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Plate Armor	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Limb Protection	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Leather Cloth	Present Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Laminar Armor	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Helmet	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Chainmail	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Breastplate	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Naval technology Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Unknown Suspected	600 CE 1000 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Absent Inferred	600 CE 1000 CE
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Human Sacrifice Shiwei (mn_shiwei)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More