Home Region: Afghanistan (Central and Northern Eurasia)

Ghur Principality

1025 CE 1215 CE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 af_ghur_principality / AfGhurd

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General Description

The Ghurids were an Islamic Turkish dynasty that ruled the Persian Principality of Ghur between 1025-1215 CE. The peak of their power occurred with their defeat of the Ghaznavid Empire in 1186 CE. For the majority of its existence the Ghurid rulers were in a state of vassalage of the Ghaznavids and the sultans of the Seljuk Turks, to whom they sent tribute. ^[1]
While "the early history of the Sansabani family had been full of feuds and disputes" the successful rebellion against the Ghaznavids resulted in a legacy of at least a degree of cooperation. ^[2] Bosworth (2012) talks of a polity with two power-bases: one at the newly-acquired Firuzkuh, at Gazna; the other at Bamian. ^[2]
When Mo’ezz-al-Din, conquered Gazna he took the title of sultan. ^[2] Government was based on the Persian model with a professional vizier who oversaw civil affairs. We also know of a treasurer (khazin), an overseer of public morality and inspector of the markets (muhtasib), and qadis who enforced the Shari’a law. ^[3]
Literary and artistic activities under the Ghurids were Persian in style and literature was sponsored by Ghurid sultans. ^[1] One of the major cultural achievements of the Ghurid period was the building of the double-helical Minaret of Jam c1190 CE.

[1]: (Bosworth 2012) Bosworth, Edmund C. 2012. GHURIDS. Encyclopaedia Iranica. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ghurids

[2]: (Bosworth 2012) Edmund C Bosworth. 2012. GHURIDS. Encyclopaedia Iranica. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ghurids

[3]: (Jackson 2003, 25) Peter Jackson. 2003. The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

3 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

2 Suprapolity Relations

2 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

1 Religion Genus

1 Religion Family

3 Religion

1 Alternate Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

2 Population of the Largest Settlement

3 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

2 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

2 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

2 Port

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Phonetic Alphabetic Writing

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Non Phonetic Writing

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions

8 Power Transition

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality) was in:
(1193 CE 1206 CE)	Kachi Plain

Home NGA: Kachi Plain

General Variables

Identity and Location Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	43 S	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Original Name	Principality of Ghur	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Capital	Firuzkuh	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Alternative Name	Ghurid Empire	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Alternative Name	Sansabanis	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Alternative Name	Gur	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Temporal Bounds Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	1200 CE
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Duration	[1025 CE ➜ 1215 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	none	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Suprapolity Relations	af_ghur_principality vassalage to af_ghaznavid_emp	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Degree of Centralization	loose	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Degree of Centralization	confederated state	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Language Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Indo-European	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Language	Persian	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Religion Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religion Genus	Islam	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Religion Family	Sunni	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Religion	Hanafi	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Religion	Shafii	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Religion	Karrami	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Alternate Religion	Uncoded Undecided	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	[5,417 to 19,500] people	1025 CE 1175 CE
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Population of the Largest Settlement	[100,000 to 400,000] people	1176 CE 1215 CE
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Polity Territory	[60,000 to 80,000] km²	1150 CE
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Polity Territory	[900,000 to 1,100,000] km²	1175 CE
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Polity Territory	[1,600,000 to 1,700,000] km²	1200 CE
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Polity Population	- Undecided	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	[2 to 4]	1200 CE
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Religious Level	1	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Military Level	[3 to 5]	1200 CE
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Administrative Level	5	1200 CE
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Professions Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present Inferred	1200 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present Inferred	1200 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Present Inferred	1200 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Merit Promotion	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1175 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Examination System	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Law Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Judge	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1149 CE
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Judge	Present Inferred	1150 CE 1215 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Court	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Irrigation System	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Food Storage Site	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Uncoded Undecided	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Port	Absent	1025 CE 1191 CE
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Port	Present	1192 CE 1215 CE
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Bridge	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Information / Writing System Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Script	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing	Absent	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Sacred Text	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Practical Literature	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Philosophy	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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History	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Fiction	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Calendar	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Information / Money Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Precious Metal	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Paper Currency	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Article	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Information / Postal System Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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General Postal Service	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Courier	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Information / Measurement System Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Moat	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Earth Rampart	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Ditch	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Complex Fortification	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Long Wall	absent	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Military use of Metals Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Iron	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Copper	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Bronze	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Projectiles Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Sling	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Self Bow	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Javelin	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Crossbow	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Composite Bow	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Atlatl	Absent	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Handheld weapons Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Sword	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Spear	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Polearm	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Dagger	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Battle Axe	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Animals used in warfare Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Elephant	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Donkey	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Dog	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Camel	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Armor Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Shield	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Scaled Armor	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Plate Armor	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Limb Protection	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Leather Cloth	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Laminar Armor	Unknown Suspected	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Helmet	Present Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Chainmail	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Breastplate	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Naval technology Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Absent Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Absent Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Absent Inferred	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Present	1025 CE 1215 CE
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Human Sacrifice Ghur Principality (af_ghur_principality)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More