Polonnaruwa
Displayed: 1187 CE
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General Description “Certainly, the critical reappraisal of archaeological evidence allows us to narrow the gap between Anurādhapura and Polonnaruva. While the latter has long been archaeologically interpreted as a cosmopolitan urban centre, similar evidence from Anurādhapura has been largely undervalued but is now over- whelming. The remains of Polonnaruva, traditionally dated to between 1017 and 1293 CE have revealed Buddhist monasteries and Hindu temples with bronze sculptures of Hindu deities. This has led some scholars, rightly in our opinion, to speak of religious plurality and harmony. Excavations within the Alahana Pirivena in Polonnaruva uncovered quantities of pottery with appliqué designs, including swastika, śrīvasta and vajra or triśūla, which have now also been identified in the city’s hinterland (Figure 1.7). Bronze figurines excavated at Polonnaruva and representing deities such as Śiva and Parvati have been put forward as evidence of the presence of Hinduism in the city. And yet such evidence was not restricted to Polonnaruva.” [1]
[1]: Coningham et al. 2017, 40) Coningham et al. 2017. ‘Archaeology and cosmopolitanism in early historic and medieval Sri Lanka.’ Sri Lanka at the Crossroads of History. Edited by Zoltán Biedermann and Alan Strathern. London: UCL Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/DCQMW8E3/collection
NGA Settlements:
| Year Range | Polonnaruwa (sl_polonnaruva) was in: |
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Home NGA: None
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| Succeeding Entity | Dambadeniya | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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Preceding Entity
849 CE 1280 CE
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Chola Empire (in_chola_emp) [None] | Confident | |||||||||
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| Degree of Centralization | nominal | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Religious Tradition | Buddhism | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Religious Tradition | Hinduism | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Religion Family | Theravāda Buddhism | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Religion Family | Saivite Hinduism | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Settlement Hierarchy | 5 | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Port | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Written Record | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Script | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Phonetic Alphabetic Writing | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Non Phonetic Writing | Absent | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Sacred Text | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Religious Literature | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| History | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Fiction | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Variable | Coded Value | Tags | Year(s) | See More | |||||||
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| Indigenous Coin | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Article | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Broad | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic | Absent | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement in This Life | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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| Moralizing Enforcement is Certain | Present | Confident | 1070 CE 1255 CE | ||||||||
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