Home Region:  Iran (Southwest Asia)

Susa III

3100 BCE 2675 BCE
D G SC WF
EQ 2020  ir_susa_3 / IrSusa3
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
3800 BCE 3100 BCE Susa II (ir_susa_2)    [None]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.
2675 BCE 2100 BCE Elam - Awan Dynasty I (ir_elam_1)    [unknown]


  General Description   While no information could be found in the sources consulted regarding the polity’s overall population, it is estimated that the largest settlement - Tall-i Malyan at Fars, Anshan region – may have had up to ten thousand inhabitants. [1] However it is also believed that during this period there was a decrease in population following a rapid urbanisation of the mountain heartland, followed by a collapse and possible reversion to nomadism. [2]
There were three tiers of settlement in the area: Susa, the centre and capital of the polity, the villages that surrounded Susa, and other small sites such as farmsteads or seasonal sheparding areas. [3] During the Susa III phase, Susa has been considered to have been the "centre of greatest economic activity in literate Iran", which led to it being annexed by Anshan. [4]
During this time writing developed in response to the administrative requirements of urban societies during this period. [3] Administration was usually run through the temples in the urban centres, which would deal with anything from dealing with trade to accounting to government duties. [5]

[1]: (Leverani 2014, 91) Liverani, Mario. Tabatabai, Soraia trans. 2014. The Ancient Near East. History, society and economy. Routledge. London.

[2]: (Amiet, Chevalier and Carter 1992, 5) Amiet, Pierre. Chevalier, Nicole. Carter, Elizabeth. in Harper, Prudence O. Aruz, Joan. Tallon, Francoise. eds. 1992. The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre. Metropolitan Museum of Art.

[3]: (Sumner 1988) Sumner, William. 1988. Frank Hole, (ed.) - 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran, Settlement and Society From Prehistory to the Islamic Conquest. Paleorient. Volume 14. Number 1. pp.177-179.

[4]: (Potts 2016, 71) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.

[5]: (Joseph 2011, 135) Joseph, George Gheverghese. The Crest of the Peacock: Non-European Roots of Mathematics (Third Edition). Princeton University Press.

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Susa III (ir_susa_3) was in:
 (3100 BCE 2676 BCE)   Susiana
Home NGA: Susiana
General Variables
Identity and Location Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 39 R Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Original Name Susa III Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Capital Susa Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Alternative Name Proto-Elamite Period Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Alternative Name Susa C Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Alternative Name Late Banesh Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Duration [3100 BCE ➜ 2675 BCE] Confident
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Political and Cultural Relations Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Supracultural Entity Sumerian Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Succeeding Entity Elam - Awan Dynasty I Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Succeeding Entity
2675 BCE 2100 BCE
Elam - Awan Dynasty I (ir_elam_1)   [unknown]  Suspected
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Preceding Entity
3800 BCE 3100 BCE
Susa II (ir_susa_2)   [None]  Confident
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Degree of Centralization confederated state Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Degree of Centralization unitary state Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Language Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Language Sumerian Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Language Proto-Elamite Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Religion Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement [2,500 to 10,000] people Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Polity Territory - Undecided 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Polity Population - Undecided 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy [2 to 3] Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Religious Level [2 to 3] Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Military Level [2 to 3] Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Administrative Level 4 Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Professions Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier Absent Confident Uncertain 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Professional Soldier Present Confident Uncertain 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Professional Priesthood Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Professional Military Officer Uncoded Undecided 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building Present Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat Present Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Law Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Lawyer Absent Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Judge Absent Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Uncoded Undecided 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
Court Absent Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Market Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Irrigation System Present Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Food Storage Site Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Drinking Water Supply System Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Road Present Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Canal Absent Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Mines or Quarry Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Information / Writing System Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Present Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Script Present Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Nonwritten Record Present Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Mnemonic Device Present Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature Present Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Sacred Text Uncoded Undecided 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Religious Literature Present Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Practical Literature Present Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification Present Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Calendar Present Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Information / Money Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Precious Metal Present Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Paper Currency Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Indigenous Coin Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Foreign Coin Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Article Present Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Information / Postal System Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Postal Station Uncoded Undecided 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Courier Present Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Information / Measurement System Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position Present Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Modern Fortification Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Moat Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Fortified Camp Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Earth Rampart Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Ditch Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Complex Fortification Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Long Wall unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Military use of Metals Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Steel Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Iron Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Copper Present Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Bronze Present Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Projectiles Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Sling Present Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Self Bow Present Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Javelin Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Handheld Firearm Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Crossbow Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Composite Bow Present Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Atlatl Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Handheld weapons Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
War Club Present Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Sword Present Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Spear Present Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Polearm Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Dagger Present Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Battle Axe Present Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Horse Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Elephant Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Donkey Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Dog Present Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Camel Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Armor Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Shield Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Scaled Armor Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Plate Armor Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Limb Protection Absent Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Leather Cloth Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Laminar Armor Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Helmet Absent Inferred 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Chainmail Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Breastplate Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Naval technology Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Military Vessel Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc Unknown Suspected 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service Absent Confident 3100 BCE  2675 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Human Sacrifice Susa III (ir_susa_3)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
View all Crisis Cases
Instability Data
Power Transitions
View all Power Transitions