Home Region:  Iran (Southwest Asia)

Elam - Late Sukkalmah

1700 BCE 1500 BCE
D G SC WF RG EQ 2020  ir_elam_4 / IrSukkL
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
1900 BCE 1701 BCE Elam - Early Sukkalmah (ir_elam_3)    [continuity]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.
1500 BCE 1400 BCE Elam - Kidinuid Period (ir_elam_5)    [elite replacement]

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  General Description   Women in Elam
"with the rise of the nuclear family by the end of the third millennium ... daughters attained equal inheritance rights with sons. Sometimes fathers even preferred to pass on their entire estates to their daughters rather than to their sons. A wide’s share of her husband’s estate also increased considerably in the later Elamite period." [1]
Succession "sometimes passed from a man to his sister’s son. Succession through the sister suggests that royal women had greater political power than did royal women in Mesopotamia." [2]
queen Nahhunte-utu of Elam "married two of her own brothers" and passed her claim to the throne to her eldest son. Also evidence for next-of-kin marriage within the royal family." [2]
"Hinz argues that even after the sister’s son was no longer the major heir to the throne, brother-sister marriage did not disappear but continued until the end of the Elamite period, when ’even provincial rulers followed the "family custom" of Elamite kings in marrying their sisters." [2]

[1]: (Nashat 2003, 14-15) Nashat, Guity. Women in Pre-Islamic and Early Islamic Iran. in Nashat, Guity. Beck, Lois. eds. 2003. Women in Iran: From The Rise Of Islam To 1800. University of Illinois Press. Urbana.

[2]: (Nashat 2003, 15) Nashat, Guity. Women in Pre-Islamic and Early Islamic Iran. in Nashat, Guity. Beck, Lois. eds. 2003. Women in Iran: From The Rise Of Islam To 1800. University of Illinois Press. Urbana.

General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4) was in:
 (1700 BCE 1501 BCE)   Susiana
Home NGA: Susiana
General Variables
Identity and Location Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 38 S Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Original Name Elam - Late Sukkalmah Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Duration [1700 BCE ➜ 1500 BCE] Confident
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Political and Cultural Relations Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Suprapolity Relations none Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Succeeding Entity Elam - Kidinuid Period Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity continuity Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Preceding Entity
1900 BCE 1701 BCE
Elam - Early Sukkalmah (ir_elam_3)   [continuity]  Confident
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Succeeding Entity
1500 BCE 1400 BCE
Elam - Kidinuid Period (ir_elam_5)   [elite replacement]  Confident
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Degree of Centralization quasi-polity Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Language Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Religion Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement [6,500 to 26,000] people Confident 1700 BCE 1601 BCE
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Population of the Largest Settlement [4,250 to 17,000] people Confident 1600 BCE 1501 BCE
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Polity Territory - Undecided 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Polity Population - Undecided 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy [3 to 5] Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Religious Level [2 to 3] Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Military Level [3 to 6] Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Administrative Level [4 to 5] Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Professions Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Professional Priesthood Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Law Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
Specialized Buildings: polity owned Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Market Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Irrigation System Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Food Storage Site Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Road Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Bridge Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Mines or Quarry Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Information / Writing System Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Script Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Nonwritten Record Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Non Phonetic Writing Absent Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Mnemonic Device Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Religious Literature Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Practical Literature Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Calendar Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Information / Money Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Precious Metal Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Indigenous Coin Absent Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Foreign Coin Absent Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Article Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Information / Postal System Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Courier Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Information / Measurement System Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Modern Fortification Absent Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Moat Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Fortified Camp Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Earth Rampart Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Ditch Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Complex Fortification Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Long Wall absent Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Military use of Metals Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Iron Absent Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Copper Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Bronze Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Projectiles Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine Absent Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine Absent Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Sling Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Self Bow Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Javelin Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Handheld Firearm Absent Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery Absent Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Crossbow Absent Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Composite Bow Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Atlatl Absent Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Handheld weapons Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
War Club Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Sword Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Spear Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Dagger Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Battle Axe Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Horse Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Elephant Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Donkey Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Dog Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Camel Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Armor Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Shield Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Scaled Armor Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Plate Armor Absent Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Limb Protection Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Leather Cloth Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Laminar Armor Absent Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Helmet Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Chainmail Absent Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Breastplate Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Naval technology Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Military Vessel Absent Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service Unknown Suspected 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary Absent Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life Present Inferred 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife Absent Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites Present Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers Absent Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain Absent Confident 1700 BCE  1500 BCE
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Human Sacrifice Elam - Late Sukkalmah (ir_elam_4)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
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Instability Data
Power Transitions
View all Power Transitions