Home Region:  Anatolia-Caucasus (Southwest Asia)

Phrygian Kingdom

900 BCE 695 BCE
EQ 2020  tr_phrygian_k / TrPhryg
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
900 BCE 730 BCE Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)    [continuity]

Succeeding Entity:
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  General Description  
The Phrygian Kingdom (c900-695 BCE) came into existence after the migration of a people to Anatolia in the early Iron Age, after the fall of the Hittite Empire. [1] The name the people called themselves is unknown because there are no Phrygian sources telling us about it. ’Phrygian’ is a Greek name while Assyrian texts refer to a Muški kingdom [2] "a fierce, aggressive, tribal people" who could be a separate people or a people who formed a union with the Phrygians in the 8th century. [3] The kingdom’s most developed phase occurred under king Midas who ruled from the city of Gordium in the late 8th century. [4]
We cannot say much about the organization of Phrygia at its peak development except that it was a monarchy that ruled from Gordium, a town of perhaps 20,000 inhabitants. The capital of Midas’s hypothesized Mushki-Phrygian union is assumed to have been named after Midas’s father. Earlier names in the dynasty are unknown. [4] Archaeologist know of three political documents but have not been able to decipher them. The Phrygian language is not known, and its similarity to Greek languages has only allowed for fragments of texts to be understood.
While we nothing about a central (palace based?) administration that may have been present archaeologists believe that other cities in Phrygia had their own governments [5] and a great deal of autonomy. [5] The biggest cities had governors. [5]
The beginning date for the Phrygian period is somewhat arbitrary, based on archaeological records. The end of the Phrygian period, however, is clearly marked by a conquest - it is the year when the Phrygian Kingdom was conquered by the Lydian Kingdom, which de facto put an end to the existence of the Phrygian period.

[1]: (Bryce 2002, 39-40) T Bryce. 2002. ‘’Life and Society in the Hittite World’’. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[2]: (Roller 2011, 563) L Roller. 2011. "Phrygian and the Phrygians" Oxford Handbook of Ancien Anatolia

[3]: (Bryce 2002, 40)

[4]: (Bryce 2002, 41) T Bryce. 2002. ‘’Life and Society in the Hittite World’’. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[5]: (Atasoy 1982, 158) Buluç E A Atasoy. 1982. "Metallurgical and Archaeological Examination of Phrygian Objects". Anatolian Studies. Vol. 32.

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.
Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k) was in:
 (836 BCE 696 BCE) Konya Plain
Home NGA: Konya Plain

General Variables
Identity and Location Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 36 S 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Original Name 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Capital 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Alternative Name 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Alternative Name 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Alternative Name 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Alternative Name 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Peak Years
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Duration
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Political and Cultural Relations Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Suprapolity Relations 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Succeeding Entity Konya Plain - Cimmerian Period 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Preceding Entity
900 BCE 730 BCE
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Degree of Centralization 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Language Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Indo-European 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Language 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Religion Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Religion Genus Phrygian Religions 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Alternate Religion Uncoded Undecided 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Polity Territory 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Polity Population 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Religious Level 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Military Level 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Administrative Level 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Professions Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Professional Priesthood Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Professional Military Officer 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Merit Promotion Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Examination System Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Law Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Lawyer 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Judge 900 BCE  695 BCE
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900 BCE  695 BCE
Court 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Market 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Irrigation System 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Food Storage Site 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Drinking Water Supply System 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Transport Infrastructure Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Road 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Port 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Canal Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Bridge 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Special-purpose Sites Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Mines or Quarry 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Trading Emporia 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Other Special Purpose Site 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Information / Writing System Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Script 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Nonwritten Record 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Non Phonetic Writing 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Mnemonic Device 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Sacred Text Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Religious Literature 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Practical Literature 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Philosophy Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification 900 BCE  695 BCE
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History Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Fiction Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Calendar 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Information / Money Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Token 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Precious Metal 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Paper Currency Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Indigenous Coin Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Article 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Debt And Credit Structure 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Information / Postal System Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Postal Station 900 BCE  695 BCE
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General Postal Service Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Courier Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Information / Measurement System Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Modern Fortification 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Moat 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Fortified Camp Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Earth Rampart 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Ditch 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Complex Fortification 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Long Wall 7 km 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Military use of Metals Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Steel 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Iron 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Copper 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Bronze 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Projectiles Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Sling Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Self Bow 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Javelin 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Handheld Firearm 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Crossbow 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Composite Bow 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Atlatl 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Handheld weapons Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
War Club 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Sword 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Spear 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Polearm 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Dagger 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Battle Axe Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Horse 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Elephant 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Donkey 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Dog 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Camel 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Armor Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Shield Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Scaled Armor 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Plate Armor 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Limb Protection 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Leather Cloth Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Laminar Armor 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Helmet 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Chainmail 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Breastplate Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Naval technology Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Military Vessel Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  695 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Human Sacrifice Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Instability Data
Power Transitions