Home Region: Anatolia-Caucasus (Southwest Asia)

Tabal Kingdoms

900 BCE 730 BCE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 tr_tabal_k / TrTabal

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

1180 BCE 900 BCE Neo-Hittite Kingdoms (tr_neo_hittite_k) [continuity]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

900 BCE 695 BCE Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k) [continuity]

General Description

During the 900-730 BCE period the region of the Konya Plain was occupied by small independent states, that likely first evolved during the Neo-Hittite period. After the Assyrian invasion they became tribute-sending states to the Mesopotamian Empire but were otherwise "free to rule their states in whatever manner they wished, without interference from the Assyrian king". ^[1]
Known as the kingdoms of ’Tabal’, the term an Assyrian administrative designation rather than a political one ^[2] ^[2] , there were, according to Assyrian records, 24 of them in the mid-9th century BCE. This number had reduced by the middle of the 8th century, which suggests that the states conquered each other or had otherwise joined together to become larger kingdoms. ^[3] Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III in the mid-late 8th century listed five tributaries he possessed in Tabal: Tabal, Atuna, Tuhana, Ishtu(a)nda, and Hupishna. ^[4] Bryce (2012) adds a sixth kingdom to Tabal, Shinuhtu, which is "attested both in Luwian and Assyrian inscriptions dating to the reign of Sargon II. Shinuhtu’s ruler at that time was a man called Kiyakiya (Assyrian Kiakki)." ^[4]
The best-known Tabalean principality was Tuhana. Its capital was at the city later known as Tyana whose ruins lie in the modern Turkish village of Kemerhisar; here a stela of king Warpalawas was found in 1860. ^[5]

[1]: (Bryce 2012, 243) T Bryce. 2012. The World of The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History. Oxford University Press. Oxford.

[2]: Competition, and Conflict in a Contested Periphery." in Richardson, Seth. ed. 2010. Rebellions and Peripheries in the Mesopotamian World. American Oriental Series 91. Eisenbrauns. Winona Lake.

[3]: (Bryce 2002, 43) T Bryce. 2002. Life and Society in the Hittite World. Oxford University Press. Oxford.

[4]: (Bryce 2012, 141) T Bryce. 2012. The World of The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History. Oxford University Press. Oxford.

[5]: (Radner 2013) Karen Radner. 2013. Tabal and Phrygia: problem neighbours in the West. Assyrian empire builders. University College London http://www.ucl.ac.uk/sargon/essentials/countries/tabalandphrygia/

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Original Name

2 Capital

Temporal Bounds

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

2 Suprapolity Relations

1 Supracultural Entity

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

2 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

1 Linguistic Family

1 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Military Officer

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

Transport Infrastructure

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Practical Literature

1 Lists Tables and Classification

Information / Money

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

1 Long Wall

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events

9 Instability Event

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k) was in:
(900 BCE 837 BCE)	Konya Plain

Home NGA: Konya Plain

General Variables

Identity and Location Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Original Name	Tabal Kingdoms	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Capital	Artulu	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Capital	Tyana	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Duration	[900 BCE ➜ 730 BCE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	nominal allegiance to [---]	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Suprapolity Relations	alliance with [---]	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Supracultural Entity	Neo-Hittite	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Succeeding Entity	Assyrian Empire	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Succeeding Entity 900 BCE 695 BCE	Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k) [continuity]
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Preceding Entity 1180 BCE 900 BCE	Neo-Hittite Kingdoms (tr_neo_hittite_k) [continuity]
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Degree of Centralization	quasi-polity	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Language Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Indo-European	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Language	Luwian	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Religion Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	- Undecided	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Polity Territory	[4,000 to 6,000] km²	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	3	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Military Level	[3 to 4]	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Administrative Level	[3 to 4]	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Professions Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Professional Military Officer	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Examination System	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Law Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Specialized Buildings: polity owned Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Transport Infrastructure Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Special-purpose Sites Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Present Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Information / Writing System Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Script	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Practical Literature	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Present Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Information / Money Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Paper Currency	Absent	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Indigenous Coin	Absent Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Foreign Coin	Absent Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Article	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Information / Postal System Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Courier	Present Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Information / Measurement System Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Absent	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Moat	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Earth Rampart	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Ditch	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Complex Fortification	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Long Wall	unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Military use of Metals Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Absent	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Iron	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Copper	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Bronze	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Projectiles Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Absent	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Sling	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Self Bow	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Javelin	Present Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Crossbow	Absent	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Composite Bow	Present Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Atlatl	Absent	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Handheld weapons Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Sword	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Spear	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Polearm	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Dagger	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Battle Axe	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Elephant	Absent	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Donkey	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Dog	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Camel	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Armor Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Shield	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Scaled Armor	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Plate Armor	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Limb Protection	Present Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Leather Cloth	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Laminar Armor	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Helmet	Present	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Chainmail	Absent	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Breastplate	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Naval technology Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Present Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Unknown Suspected	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Absent Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Absent Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Present Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners	Unknown	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Absent Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites	Present Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Absent Inferred	900 BCE 730 BCE
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Human Sacrifice Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More