Home Region:  Anatolia-Caucasus (Southwest Asia)

Tabal Kingdoms

900 BCE 730 BCE
EQ 2020  tr_tabal_k / TrTabal
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
1180 BCE 900 BCE Neo-Hittite Kingdoms (tr_neo_hittite_k)    [continuity]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.
900 BCE 695 BCE Phrygian Kingdom (tr_phrygian_k)    [continuity]


  General Description  
During the 900-730 BCE period the region of the Konya Plain was occupied by small independent states, that likely first evolved during the Neo-Hittite period. After the Assyrian invasion they became tribute-sending states to the Mesopotamian Empire but were otherwise "free to rule their states in whatever manner they wished, without interference from the Assyrian king". [1]
Known as the kingdoms of ’Tabal’, the term an Assyrian administrative designation rather than a political one [2] [2] , there were, according to Assyrian records, 24 of them in the mid-9th century BCE. This number had reduced by the middle of the 8th century, which suggests that the states conquered each other or had otherwise joined together to become larger kingdoms. [3] Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III in the mid-late 8th century listed five tributaries he possessed in Tabal: Tabal, Atuna, Tuhana, Ishtu(a)nda, and Hupishna. [4] Bryce (2012) adds a sixth kingdom to Tabal, Shinuhtu, which is "attested both in Luwian and Assyrian inscriptions dating to the reign of Sargon II. Shinuhtu’s ruler at that time was a man called Kiyakiya (Assyrian Kiakki)." [4]
The best-known Tabalean principality was Tuhana. Its capital was at the city later known as Tyana whose ruins lie in the modern Turkish village of Kemerhisar; here a stela of king Warpalawas was found in 1860. [5]

[1]: (Bryce 2012, 243) T Bryce. 2012. The World of The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History. Oxford University Press. Oxford.

[2]: Competition, and Conflict in a Contested Periphery." in Richardson, Seth. ed. 2010. Rebellions and Peripheries in the Mesopotamian World. American Oriental Series 91. Eisenbrauns. Winona Lake.

[3]: (Bryce 2002, 43) T Bryce. 2002. Life and Society in the Hittite World. Oxford University Press. Oxford.

[4]: (Bryce 2012, 141) T Bryce. 2012. The World of The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History. Oxford University Press. Oxford.

[5]: (Radner 2013) Karen Radner. 2013. Tabal and Phrygia: problem neighbours in the West. Assyrian empire builders. University College London http://www.ucl.ac.uk/sargon/essentials/countries/tabalandphrygia/

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k) was in:
 (900 BCE 837 BCE) Konya Plain
Home NGA: Konya Plain

General Variables
Identity and Location Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Original Name 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Capital 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Capital 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Temporal Bounds Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Duration
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Political and Cultural Relations Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Suprapolity Relations 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Suprapolity Relations 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Supracultural Entity Neo-Hittite 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Succeeding Entity Assyrian Empire 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Succeeding Entity
900 BCE 695 BCE
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Preceding Entity
1180 BCE 900 BCE
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Degree of Centralization 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Language Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Indo-European 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Language 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Religion Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Polity Territory 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Hierarchical Complexity Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Military Level 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Administrative Level 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Professions Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Professional Military Officer 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Government Building 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Full Time Bureaucrat 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Examination System 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Law Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Buildings: polity owned Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Transport Infrastructure Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Special-purpose Sites Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Mines or Quarry 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Information / Writing System Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Script 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Practical Literature Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Lists Tables and Classification 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Information / Money Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Paper Currency Absent 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Indigenous Coin 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Foreign Coin 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Article Present 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Information / Postal System Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Courier Present Inferred 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Information / Measurement System Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Wooden Palisade 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Stone Walls Mortared 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Modern Fortification 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Moat 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Fortified Camp 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Earth Rampart 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Ditch 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Complex Fortification 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Long Wall unknown Suspected 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Military use of Metals Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Steel 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Iron 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Copper 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Bronze 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Projectiles Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Tension Siege Engine 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Sling Siege Engine 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Sling Unknown Suspected 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Self Bow 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Javelin 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Handheld Firearm 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Crossbow 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Composite Bow 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Atlatl 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Handheld weapons Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
War Club 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Sword 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Spear 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Polearm 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Dagger 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Battle Axe 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Animals used in warfare Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Horse 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Elephant 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Donkey 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Dog 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Camel 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Armor Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Wood Bark Etc 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Shield 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Scaled Armor 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Plate Armor 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Limb Protection 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Leather Cloth 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Laminar Armor 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Helmet 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Chainmail 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Breastplate 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Naval technology Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Specialized Military Vessel 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Commoners Unknown 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Moralizing Religion Adopted by Elites 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain 900 BCE  730 BCE
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Human Sacrifice Tabal Kingdoms (tr_tabal_k)
Variable Coded Value / Certainty Tags Year(s) See More
Instability Data
Power Transitions