Home Region: Southern India (South Asia)

Hoysala Kingdom

1108 CE 1346 CE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 in_hoysala_k / InHoysa

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

973 CE 1189 CE Chalukyas of Kalyani (in_kalyani_chalukya_emp) [continuity]

Succeeding Entity:

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General Description

The Hoysala dynasty ruled over a territory roughly equivalent to the southern Indian state of Karnataka, plus the eastern and southeastern margins of Andhra Pradesh and the northwest corner of Tamil Nadu. ^[1] For much of the 12th century CE, the Hoysalas were mere provincial rulers within the wider Chalukya empire, ^[2] but they rebelled and wrested control over the region from the Chalukyas in 1191. ^[3] They lost their empire with the death of Emperor Vira Virupaksha in 1346. ^[4] Under Hoysala rule, literature and the arts flourished, particularly architecture, as testified by the Hoysala temples at Halebidu, Belur and Somanathapura. ^[5]
Population and political organization
As with most preceding South Indian polities, the Hoysala ruler held judiciary, executive and legislative powers ^[6] and was also the polity’s supreme military leader. ^[7] He was assisted at court by several ministers ^[8] and in the provinces by governors. ^[9]
No population estimates for this period could be found in the literature.

[1]: (Kamath 1980) Suryanath Kamath. 1980. A Concise History of Karnataka: From Pre-historic Times to the Present. Bangalore: Archana Prakashana.

[2]: (Kamath 1980, 130-32) Suryanath Kamath. 1980. A Concise History of Karnataka: From Pre-historic Times to the Present. Bangalore: Archana Prakashana.

[3]: (Murthy and Ramakrishnan 1978, 96) H. V. Sreenivasa Murthy and R. Ramakrishnan. 1978. A History of Karnataka. New Delhi: S. Chand.

[4]: (Kamath 1980, 136) Suryanath Kamath. 1980. A Concise History of Karnataka: From Pre-historic Times to the Present. Bangalore: Archana Prakashana.

[5]: (Murthy and Ramakrishnan 1978, 111) H. V. Sreenivasa Murthy and R. Ramakrishnan. 1978. A History of Karnataka. New Delhi: S. Chand.

[6]: (Murthy and Ramakrishnan 1978, 123) H. V. Sreenivasa Murthy and R. Ramakrishnan. 1978. A History of Karnataka. New Delhi: S. Chand.

[7]: (Derrett 1957, 105) J. Duncan M. Derrett. 1957. The Hoysalas: A Medieval Indian Royal Family. Madras: Oxford University Press.

[8]: (Murthy and Ramakrishnan 1978, 137) H. V. Sreenivasa Murthy and R. Ramakrishnan. 1978. A History of Karnataka. New Delhi: S. Chand.

[9]: (Murthy and Ramakrishnan 1978, 124) H. V. Sreenivasa Murthy and R. Ramakrishnan. 1978. A History of Karnataka. New Delhi: S. Chand.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

3 Capital

2 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

2 Suprapolity Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

1 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

2 Linguistic Family

2 Language

Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Polity Territory

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

2 Professional Military Officer

1 Source Of Support

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

1 Entertainment Building

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Nonwritten Record

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

1 Geometrical Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables

Religious Demography

1 Theological Syncretism of Different Religions

1 Syncretism of Religious Practices at the Level of Individual Believers

3 Widespread Religion

1 Official Religion

1 Elites Religion

Religious Tolerance

1 Taxes Based on Religious Adherence or on Religious Activities and Institutions

1 Frequency of Societal Violence Against Religious Groups

1 Societal Discrimination Against Religious Groups Taking up Certain Occupations or Functions

1 Frequency of Governmental Violence Against Religious Groups

1 Government Restrictions on Religious Education

1 Government Restrictions on Public Worship

1 Government Restrictions on Public Proselytizing

1 Government Restrictions on Property Ownership for Adherents of Any Religious Group

1 Government Restrictions on Conversion

1 Government Restrictions on Construction of Religious Buildings

1 Government Restrictions on Circulation of Religious Literature

1 Societal Pressure to Convert or Against Conversion

1 Government Pressure to Convert

1 Governmental Obligations for Religious Groups to Apply for Official Recognition

1 Government Discrimination Against Religious Groups Taking up Certain Occupations or Functions

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward

1 Moralizing Enforcement is Broad

1 Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary

1 Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic

1 Moralizing Enforcement in This Life

1 Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward

1 Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted

1 Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife

1 Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers

1 Moralizing Enforcement is Certain

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k) was in:
(1192 CE 1253 CE)	Deccan

Home NGA: Deccan

General Variables

Identity and Location Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	43 P	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Original Name	Hoysala Kingdom	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Capital	Sosavur	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Capital	Dvarasamudram	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Capital	Kannanur	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Alternative Name	Hoysala Empire	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Alternative Name	Hoysalas	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Temporal Bounds Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	1225 CE
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Duration	[1108 CE ➜ 1346 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	nominal allegiance to [---]	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Suprapolity Relations	none	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Vijayanagara Empire	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Preceding Entity 973 CE 1189 CE	Chalukyas of Kalyani (in_kalyani_chalukya_emp) [continuity]
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Degree of Centralization	unitary state	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Language Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Dravidian	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Linguistic Family	Indo-European	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Language	Kannada	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Language	Sanskrit	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Religion Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Polity Territory	[100,000 to 200,000] km²	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	3	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Religious Level	[1 to 2]	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Military Level	[4 to 5]	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Administrative Level	[2 to 5]	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Professions Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Present Disputed	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Absent Disputed	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Source Of Support	uncoded Undecided	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Merit Promotion	Uncoded Undecided	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Examination System	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Law Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Absent	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Judge	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Court	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Food Storage Site	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Uncoded Undecided	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Entertainment Building	Uncoded Undecided	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Port	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Canal	Uncoded Undecided	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Bridge	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Information / Writing System Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Script	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Sacred Text	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Religious Literature	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Practical Literature	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Philosophy	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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History	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Fiction	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Calendar	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Information / Money Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Paper Currency	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Foreign Coin	Uncoded Undecided	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Article	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Information / Postal System Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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General Postal Service	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Courier	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Information / Measurement System Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Geometrical Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Moat	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Earth Rampart	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Ditch	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Complex Fortification	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Military use of Metals Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Iron	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Copper	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Bronze	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Projectiles Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Sling	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Self Bow	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Javelin	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Crossbow	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Composite Bow	Absent	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Atlatl	Absent	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Handheld weapons Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Sword	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Spear	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Polearm	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Dagger	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Battle Axe	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Animals used in warfare Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Elephant	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Donkey	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Dog	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Camel	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Armor Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Shield	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Scaled Armor	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Plate Armor	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Limb Protection	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Leather Cloth	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Laminar Armor	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Helmet	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Chainmail	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Breastplate	Present Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Naval technology Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Absent	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Unknown Suspected	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Religious Demography Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Theological Syncretism of Different Religions	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Syncretism of Religious Practices at the Level of Individual Believers	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Widespread Religion	1. Most widespread: Saivist Hinduism (Over half of the population)	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Widespread Religion	2. Second most widespread: Vaisnavist Hinduism (Sizeable minority)	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Widespread Religion	3. Third most widespread: Jainism (Sizeable minority)	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Official Religion	Vaisnavist Hinduism	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Elites Religion	Vaisnavist Hinduism	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Human Sacrifice Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More

Religious Tolerance Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Taxes Based on Religious Adherence or on Religious Activities and Institutions	Absent Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Frequency of Societal Violence Against Religious Groups	very rarely Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Societal Discrimination Against Religious Groups Taking up Certain Occupations or Functions	Absent Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Frequency of Governmental Violence Against Religious Groups	very rarely Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Government Restrictions on Religious Education	Absent Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Government Restrictions on Public Worship	Absent Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Government Restrictions on Public Proselytizing	Absent Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Government Restrictions on Property Ownership for Adherents of Any Religious Group	Absent Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Government Restrictions on Conversion	Absent Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Government Restrictions on Construction of Religious Buildings	Absent Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Government Restrictions on Circulation of Religious Literature	Absent Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Societal Pressure to Convert or Against Conversion	Absent Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Government Pressure to Convert	Absent Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Governmental Obligations for Religious Groups to Apply for Official Recognition	Absent Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Government Discrimination Against Religious Groups Taking up Certain Occupations or Functions	Absent Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Hoysala Kingdom (in_hoysala_k)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Absent Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	1108 CE 1346 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Absent Inferred	1108 CE 1346 CE
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