Home Region:  West Africa (Africa)

Benin Empire

1140 CE 1897 CE
G SC New WA  ni_benin_emp
Preceding Entity: Add one more here.
900 CE 1450 CE Igodomingodo (ni_igodomingodo)    [continuity]

Succeeding Entity:
No Polity found. Add one here.


General Variables
Identity and Location
Temporal Bounds
Political and Cultural Relations
Language
Religion
Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale
Hierarchical Complexity
Professions
Bureaucracy Characteristics
Law
Specialized Buildings: polity owned
Transport Infrastructure
Special-purpose Sites
Information / Writing System
Information / Kinds of Written Documents
Information / Money
Information / Postal System
Information / Measurement System
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications
Military use of Metals
Projectiles
Handheld weapons
Animals used in warfare
Armor
Naval technology
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.
Religion Variables Coding in Progress.
Crisis Consequences Coding in Progress.
Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

NGA Settlements:

Year Range Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp) was in:
Home NGA: None
General Variables
Identity and Location Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Utm Zone 31 N Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Original Name Benin Empire Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Capital Edo Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Alternative Name Kingdom of Benin Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Temporal Bounds Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Peak Years [1480 CE ➜ 1590 CE] Confident
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Duration [1140 CE ➜ 1897 CE] Confident Disputed
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Duration [1170 CE ➜ 1897 CE] Confident Disputed
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Duration [1200 CE ➜ 1897 CE] Confident Disputed
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Duration [1300 CE ➜ 1897 CE] Confident Disputed
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Duration [1320 CE ➜ 1897 CE] Confident Disputed
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Duration [1450 CE ➜ 1897 CE] Confident Disputed
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Political and Cultural Relations Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Succeeding Entity Niger Coast Protectorate Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity elite migration Confident Disputed 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity continuity Confident Disputed 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Preceding Entity
900 CE 1450 CE
Igodomingodo (ni_igodomingodo)   [continuity]  Confident
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Degree of Centralization loose Confident 1180 CE 1428 CE
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Degree of Centralization confederated state Confident 1428 CE 1897 CE
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Language Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Linguistic Family Niger-Congo Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Language Bini Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Religion Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Religious Tradition Bini religion Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Social Complexity Variables
Social Scale Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Population of the Largest Settlement - Suspected 1180 CE 1785 CE
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Population of the Largest Settlement [15,000 to 80,000] people Confident 1786 CE 1792 CE
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Population of the Largest Settlement - Suspected 1793 CE 1878 CE
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Population of the Largest Settlement 50,000 people Confident 1879 CE
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Population of the Largest Settlement - Suspected 1880 CE 1896 CE
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Population of the Largest Settlement 27,000 people Confident 1897 CE
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Polity Territory 18,000 km2 Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Settlement Hierarchy 3 Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Religious Level 5 Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Military Level - Suspected 1140 CE 1439 CE
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Military Level 8 Confident 1440 CE 1800 CE
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Military Level 9 Confident 1801 CE 1897 CE
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Administrative Level 8 Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Professions Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Professional Soldier Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Professional Priesthood Present Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Professional Military Officer Present Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Merit Promotion Present Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat Present Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Law Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Present Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
Court Present Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Market Present Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Food Storage Site Present Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Utilitarian Public Building Present Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Road Present Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Port Present Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Bridge Present Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Special Purpose Site Present Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Burial Site Present Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Information / Writing System Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Written Record Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Script Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Phonetic Alphabetic Writing Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Non Phonetic Writing Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Scientific Literature Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Sacred Text Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Religious Literature Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Practical Literature Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Philosophy Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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History Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Fiction Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Calendar Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Information / Money Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Token Present Confident 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Precious Metal Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Paper Currency Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Indigenous Coin Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Foreign Coin Absent Inferred 1140 CE  1897 CE
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Information / Postal System Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Information / Measurement System Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)
Fortifications Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Military use of Metals Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Projectiles Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Handheld weapons Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Animals used in warfare Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Armor Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Naval technology Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)
Religion Variables
Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Human Sacrifice Benin Empire (ni_benin_emp)
Variable Coded Value Tags Year(s) See More
Crisis Cases
View all Crisis Cases
Instability Data
Power Transitions
View all Power Transitions