Home Region: Southern India (South Asia)

Chalukyas of Badami

543 CE 753 CE

D G SC WF R

EQ 2020 in_badami_chalukya_emp / InChaBd

Preceding Entity: Add one more here.

345 CE 550 CE Kadamba Empire (in_kadamba_emp) [continuity]

Succeeding Entity: Add one more here.

753 CE 973 CE Rashtrakuta Empire (in_rashtrakuta_emp) [elite replacement]

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General Description

The Chalukyas of Badami (or Chalukyas of Vatapi) ^[1] ruled over an area roughly corresponding to the modern-day Indian states of Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, the region of South Gujarat, half of the state of Madhya Pradesh, the Rayaseema district and half the Andhra district of Andhra Pradesh. ^[2] This polity was founded in 543 CE, when Pulakesin I established the capital of Badami or Vatapi, ^[3] and it was supplanted by the Rashtrakuta polity in the 750s. ^[4] The peak of the polity can be considered to correspond to the reign of Pulakesin II (609-643 CE), who re-established his dynasty’s power throughout much of the Deccan after a period of instability, further extended the empire’s bounds through a series of successful military campaigns, and founded new dynastic lines in eastern India and in the Gujarat region. ^[5]
Population and political organization
At the head of this polity was an emperor, who often ruled over conquered territories indirectly, through feudal subordinates or family relations. ^[6] The emperor was also the polity’s supreme military commander. ^[7] In both military and administrative matters, he was assisted by the sandhivigrahika, or minister of war and peace: the only minister in the emperor’s council mentioned explicitly in Chalukya inscriptions, and probably the most powerful. ^[7]
No population estimates for the entire polity could be found in the literature. However, the capital may have been inhabited by as many as 70,000 people. ^[8]

[1]: (Kadambi 2007, 158) Hemanth Kadambi. 2007. ’Negotiated Pasts and Memorialized Present in Ancient India’, in Negotiating the Past in the Past: Identity, Memory, and Landscape in Archaeological Research, edited by Norman Yoffee, 155-82. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

[2]: (Kamath 1980) Suryanath Kamath. 1980. A Concise History of Karnataka: From Pre-historic Times to the Present. Bangalore: Archana Prakashana.

[3]: (Kadambi 2007, 178) Hemanth Kadambi. 2007. ’Negotiated Pasts and Memorialized Present in Ancient India’, in Negotiating the Past in the Past: Identity, Memory, and Landscape in Archaeological Research, edited by Norman Yoffee, 155-82. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

[4]: (Basavaraja 1984, 62) K. R. Basavaraja. 1984. History and Culture of Karnataka: Early Times to Unification. Dharwad: Chalukya Publications.

[5]: (Sastri 1960, 212) K. A. Nilakanta Sastri. 1960. ’The Chalukyas of Badami’, in The Early History of the Deccan, Vol. 1, edited by Ghulam Yazdani, 201-46. London: Oxford University Press.

[6]: (Dikshit 1980, 219-21) D. P. Dikshit. 1980. Political History of the Chalukyas of Badami. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications.

[7]: (Dikshit 1980, 267) D. P. Dikshit. 1980. Political History of the Chalukyas of Badami. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications.

[8]: Christopher Chase-Dunn 2001, personal communication.

General Variables

Identity and Location

1 Utm Zone

1 Original Name

1 Capital

4 Alternative Name

Temporal Bounds

1 Peak Years

1 Duration

Political and Cultural Relations

1 Suprapolity Relations

1 Succeeding Entity

1 Relationship to preceding Entity

2 Polity Succession

1 Degree of Centralization

Language

2 Linguistic Family

2 Language

Religion

1 Religion Genus

1 Religion Family

1 Alternate Religion Genus

1 Alternate Religion Family

1 Alternate Religion

Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale

1 Population of the Largest Settlement

1 Polity Territory

1 Polity Population

Hierarchical Complexity

1 Settlement Hierarchy

1 Religious Level

1 Military Level

1 Administrative Level

Professions

1 Professional Soldier

1 Professional Priesthood

1 Professional Military Officer

1 Source Of Support

Bureaucracy Characteristics

1 Specialized Government Building

1 Merit Promotion

1 Full Time Bureaucrat

1 Examination System

Law

1 Professional Lawyer

1 Judge

1 Formal Legal Code

1 Court

Specialized Buildings: polity owned

1 Market

1 Irrigation System

1 Food Storage Site

1 Drinking Water Supply System

Transport Infrastructure

1 Road

1 Port

1 Canal

1 Bridge

Special-purpose Sites

1 Mines or Quarry

Information / Writing System

1 Written Record

1 Script

1 Nonwritten Record

1 Mnemonic Device

Information / Kinds of Written Documents

1 Scientific Literature

1 Sacred Text

1 Religious Literature

1 Practical Literature

1 Philosophy

1 Lists Tables and Classification

1 History

1 Fiction

1 Calendar

Information / Money

1 Token

1 Precious Metal

1 Paper Currency

1 Indigenous Coin

1 Foreign Coin

1 Article

1 Debt And Credit Structure

Information / Postal System

1 Postal Station

1 General Postal Service

1 Courier

Information / Measurement System

1 Geometrical Measurement System

Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications

1 Wooden Palisade

1 Stone Walls Non Mortared

1 Stone Walls Mortared

1 Settlements in a Defensive Position

1 Modern Fortification

1 Moat

1 Fortified Camp

1 Earth Rampart

1 Ditch

1 Complex Fortification

Military use of Metals

1 Steel

1 Iron

1 Copper

1 Bronze

Projectiles

1 Tension Siege Engine

1 Sling Siege Engine

1 Sling

1 Self Bow

1 Javelin

1 Handheld Firearm

1 Gunpowder Siege Artillery

1 Crossbow

1 Composite Bow

1 Atlatl

Handheld weapons

1 War Club

1 Sword

1 Spear

1 Polearm

1 Dagger

1 Battle Axe

Animals used in warfare

1 Horse

1 Elephant

1 Donkey

1 Dog

1 Camel

Armor

1 Wood Bark Etc

1 Shield

1 Scaled Armor

1 Plate Armor

1 Limb Protection

1 Leather Cloth

1 Laminar Armor

1 Helmet

1 Chainmail

1 Breastplate

Naval technology

1 Specialized Military Vessel

1 Small Vessels Canoes Etc

1 Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service

Economy Variables (Luxury Goods) Coding in Progress.

Religion Variables Coding in Progress.

Crisis Consequence Cases Coding in Progress.

Power Transitions Coding in Progress.

Instability Events

11 Instability Event

NGA Settlements:

Year Range	Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp) was in:
(541 CE 756 CE)	Deccan

Home NGA: Deccan

General Variables

Identity and Location Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Utm Zone	43 P	543 CE 753 CE
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Original Name	Chalukyas of Badami	543 CE 753 CE
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Capital	Badami	543 CE 753 CE
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Alternative Name	Badami Dynasty	543 CE 753 CE
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Alternative Name	Chalukyas of Badami	543 CE 753 CE
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Alternative Name	Chalukyas of Vatapi	543 CE 753 CE
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Alternative Name	Chalukyas of Vathapi	543 CE 753 CE
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Temporal Bounds Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More
Peak Years	[609 CE ➜ 643 CE]
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Duration	[543 CE ➜ 753 CE]
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Political and Cultural Relations Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Suprapolity Relations	none	543 CE 753 CE
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Succeeding Entity	Rashtrakuta Empire	543 CE 753 CE
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Relationship to Preceding Entity	continuity	543 CE 753 CE
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Preceding Entity 345 CE 550 CE	Kadamba Empire (in_kadamba_emp) [continuity]
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Succeeding Entity 753 CE 973 CE	Rashtrakuta Empire (in_rashtrakuta_emp) [elite replacement]
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Degree of Centralization	unitary state	543 CE 753 CE
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Language Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Linguistic Family	Indo-Iranian	543 CE 753 CE
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Linguistic Family	Dravidian	543 CE 753 CE
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Language	Sanskrit	543 CE 753 CE
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Language	Kannada	543 CE 753 CE
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Religion Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Religion Genus	Hinduism	543 CE 753 CE
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Religion Family	Saiva Traditions	543 CE 753 CE
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Alternate Religion Genus	Hinduism	543 CE 753 CE
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Alternate Religion Family	Vaisnava Traditions	543 CE 753 CE
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Alternate Religion	Uncoded Undecided	543 CE 753 CE
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Social Complexity Variables

Social Scale Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Population of the Largest Settlement	70,000 people	543 CE 753 CE
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Polity Territory	750,000 km²	543 CE 753 CE
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Polity Population	[550,000 to 6,500,000] people	543 CE 753 CE
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Hierarchical Complexity Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Settlement Hierarchy	4	543 CE 753 CE
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Religious Level	5	543 CE 753 CE
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Military Level	[5 to 7]	543 CE 753 CE
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Administrative Level	[5 to 6]	543 CE 753 CE
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Professions Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Soldier	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Professional Priesthood	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Professional Military Officer	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Source Of Support	uncoded Undecided	543 CE 753 CE
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Bureaucracy Characteristics Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Government Building	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Merit Promotion	Uncoded Undecided	543 CE 753 CE
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Full Time Bureaucrat	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Examination System	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Law Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Professional Lawyer	Absent Inferred	543 CE 753 CE
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Judge	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Formal Legal Code	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Court	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Specialized Buildings: polity owned Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Market	Present Inferred	543 CE 753 CE
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Irrigation System	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Food Storage Site	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Drinking Water Supply System	Uncoded Undecided	543 CE 753 CE
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Transport Infrastructure Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Road	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Port	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Canal	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Bridge	- Undecided	543 CE 753 CE
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Special-purpose Sites Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Mines or Quarry	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Information / Writing System Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Written Record	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Script	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Nonwritten Record	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Mnemonic Device	Uncoded Undecided	543 CE 753 CE
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Information / Kinds of Written Documents Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Scientific Literature	Uncoded Undecided	543 CE 753 CE
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Sacred Text	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Religious Literature	Present Inferred	543 CE 753 CE
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Practical Literature	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Philosophy	Uncoded Undecided	543 CE 753 CE
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Lists Tables and Classification	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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History	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Fiction	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Calendar	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Information / Money Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Token	Uncoded Undecided	543 CE 753 CE
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Precious Metal	Uncoded Undecided	543 CE 753 CE
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Paper Currency	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Indigenous Coin	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Foreign Coin	Uncoded Undecided	543 CE 753 CE
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Article	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Debt And Credit Structure	Uncoded Undecided	543 CE 753 CE
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Information / Postal System Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Postal Station	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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General Postal Service	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Courier	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Information / Measurement System Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Geometrical Measurement System	Uncoded Undecided	543 CE 753 CE
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Warfare Variables (Military Technologies)

Fortifications Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wooden Palisade	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Stone Walls Non Mortared	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Stone Walls Mortared	Present Inferred	543 CE 753 CE
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Settlements in a Defensive Position	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Modern Fortification	Absent	543 CE 753 CE
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Moat	Present Inferred	543 CE 753 CE
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Fortified Camp	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Earth Rampart	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Ditch	Present Inferred	543 CE 753 CE
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Complex Fortification	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Military use of Metals Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Steel	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Iron	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Copper	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Bronze	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Projectiles Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Tension Siege Engine	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Sling Siege Engine	Absent	543 CE 753 CE
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Sling	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Self Bow	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Javelin	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Handheld Firearm	Absent	543 CE 753 CE
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Gunpowder Siege Artillery	Absent	543 CE 753 CE
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Crossbow	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Composite Bow	Absent	543 CE 753 CE
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Atlatl	Absent	543 CE 753 CE
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Handheld weapons Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
War Club	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Sword	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Spear	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Polearm	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Dagger	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Battle Axe	Present Inferred	543 CE 753 CE
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Animals used in warfare Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Horse	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Elephant	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Donkey	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Dog	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Camel	Present Inferred	543 CE 753 CE
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Armor Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Wood Bark Etc	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Shield	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Scaled Armor	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Plate Armor	Present Inferred	543 CE 753 CE
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Limb Protection	Present Inferred	543 CE 753 CE
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Leather Cloth	Present Inferred	543 CE 753 CE
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Laminar Armor	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Helmet	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Chainmail	Present Inferred	543 CE 753 CE
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Breastplate	Present Inferred	543 CE 753 CE
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Naval technology Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Specialized Military Vessel	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Small Vessels Canoes Etc	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Merchant Ships Pressed Into Service	Unknown Suspected	543 CE 753 CE
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Economy Variables (Luxury Goods)

Religion Variables

Moralizing Supernatural Punishment and Reward Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)
Moralizing Enforcement is Broad	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Concern is Primary	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Agentic	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in This Life	Absent Inferred	543 CE 753 CE
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Moralizing Supernatural Punishment And Reward	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Targeted	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement in Afterlife	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement of Rulers	Present	543 CE 753 CE
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Moralizing Enforcement is Certain	Absent Inferred	543 CE 753 CE
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Human Sacrifice Chalukyas of Badami (in_badami_chalukya_emp)

Variable	Coded Value / Certainty Tags	Year(s)	See More